The yakanakisisa mabasa Pasternak B:. Mazita dzinonakidza chokwadi uye wongororo

Boris Pasternak - mudetembi Russian uye munyori. Iyewo ane akanakisisa shanduro Shakespeare nemamwe Classics dzavatorwa. Pasternak akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. Nokuti bhuku munyori Russian akapiwa repamusoro mubayiro? Uye chii basa iri kuridzwa ne chiitiko muupenyu hwake? Pasternak kuti mabasa - nyaya yacho.

Biography

Boris Pasternak akaberekwa muMoscow, mumhuri ine okusika. Baba vangu vaiva emhizha. Amai - Pianist. imba Pasternak yaJehovha yaiva mumwoyo guru. Mudetembi kubva pauduku wakakomberedzwa vemifananidzo. The imba dzinowanzoendwa nomukurumbira vanyori, vemifananidzo uye musicians. Mumwe furati Pasternak akashanyira kunyange Rilke. Kujairirana nyanduri German, munyori Scriabin uye vamwe vanhu vakakurumbira akaita basa rinokosha kukura munhu okusika unhu.

Mabasa Pasternak anoratidza pazvidhindo zvaakanga agamuchira somwana. Rimwe zuva, akawira pasi nokurohwa zvenyika vakaungana Butcher. Saka aigona kunyora papera makore imwe nhetembo dzake. The nyanduri yemberi chikoro chesekondari. Teachers yarova kusimba uye nokutsungirira kuyaruka. Anoda kukwana hakusi kuenda hwake.

Boris Pasternak, vakapedza kudzidza rorusununguko Mutemo muMoscow. Akadzidza uzivi muGermany. Nevabereki vake, akashanyira Venice muna 1912. Vamwe mabasa Pasternak, zvakanyorwa pakutanga remakore, kwokupa kuyeuka rwendo Europe.

Muna 1921, mhuri akasiya Russia. Vabereki uye hanzvadzi vakagara muBerlin. Mudetembi pachake kubva 1936 intermittently aigara Peredelkino. Russian munyori uye nyanduri, akafa muna 1960. Akavigwa kumakuva, yaiva pedo kumusha munyori Peredelkino.

Kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Ndadzoka kubva kuGermany, mudetembi ramangwana vakasarudza kupira kubva ikozvino nguva kudzidza uzivi. Nguva iyi ndiyo zvakare kutanga mabhuku nzira yake. Mabasa Pasternak vepakutanga vakasikwa pasi pokudzora mabasa Russian Futurists. Pakati vanyanduri waiva yotunga mabhuku simba, pakutanga kwezvose, tinofanira kutaura Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Mabasa inozivikanwa kwazvo Pasternak, mazita iyo chinopiwa pazasi, vakasikwa mushure chimurenga. Asi muunganidzwa essays ake okutanga akabudisa muna 1913. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvaisanganisira basa rake asi nhetembo nezvimwe vadetembi.

Muna 1916 akabudisa bhuku "Pamusoro Zvinotadzisa". In basa nyanduri panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvakanaka kwazvo kuzivikanwa mumabhuku yeChina Boris Pasternak. Works hunoumba muunganidzwa ichi: "Marburg", "Yard", "Muchando denga", "Mufaro", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural kokutanga", "Putsai-up", "Snowstorm" uye vamwe.

"Hanzvadzi yangu - Life"

muunganidzwa uyu yakabudiswa muna 1922. Vakabatanidzwa nevakawanda pfungwa iri nguva ino mabasa Pasternak vake. List kuti nhetembo dziri muunganidzwa "Hanzvadzi yangu - Life":

1. "Waltz nemisodzi."
2. "Upenyu".
3. "February, kuti ingi uye chemai!".
4. "Station".

Ndangariro uduku uye kuyaruka Pasternak ikashandiswa pamwe lyrical nemabasa. Pane zvakarongwa pamusoro apa haina dzoga. Vazhinji nhetembo hunoumba muunganidzwa ichi vakasikwa 1917. Uye mumakore maviri asati bhuku rayo Pasternak akanyora nhetembo "Nine zana uye gore rechishanu", "Spektorsky", "refutenendi Schmidt".

prose

Mukupera maviri, Boris Pasternak akanyora zvishoma nhetembo. Anoshandura kuti prose. Pakutanga vakanga diki essays, netsamba. Muna 1930 akabudisa bhuku "Safe Conduct". Panguva iyi, simba vaiva munyori asi zvakanaka. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi ukama yayo yemberi munyori yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago" zvachinja.

ari doghouse

Vamwe nguva Pasternak kubatwa imwe noruremekedzo uye kunyange kuyemurwa Stalin. Pashure vasungwe Gumilev akanyora tsamba umo akakumbira kuti kusunungurwa nyanduri. The chikumbiro chakaitwa. Uye nokukurumidza kubudiswa. Asi ukama Pasternak uye hurumende yeSoviet kunge neshungu muna 1936. Kubva mudetembi akatanga kurayira Pfungwa kugutsikana, izvo muzvinyorwa ake haana kufanira. Pasternak, akavapindurawo, akakonewa runodikanwa ichi. In nhetembo ake akatanga kuoneka zvakawanda zvakajeka inosuruvarisa maketeni.

Translations

Munguva forties, zvishoma akanyora Boris Pasternak. Famous mabasa Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller dzakanga dzabviswa kwavari. Nokudaro akaponesa mhuri yake kubva kushaya mari. Asi iye akazobvuma kuti akapedza makore ake akanakisisa pamusoro kutamiswa, vachiri kukwanisa kusika zvizhinji lyric uye prose anoshanda. Kusvikira kumagumo mazuva, munyori akanga ari doghouse. On racho mabasa ake, uye kubva mubvunzo.

Pasternak, ane yakanakisisa anoshanda chete mukupera eighties vaizivikanwa nevaverengi Soviet, akanga rehabilitated pashure porufu rwake. Muna 1988, kuti yokufungidzira "Doctor Zhivago" yakatanga kubudiswa muSoviet Union. Yakanga chete ari nineties vakapinda nhetembo chirongwa kuti akanyora Boris Pasternak.

The Nobel Prize

Nokuti basa akanga paakavapa munyori uyu nomukurumbira mubayiro? The nganonyorwa "Doctor Zhivago", rakabudiswa muna 1958 mune Soviet Union yakanga kuverengwa chete vashoma vanhu. Nobel Prize akanga paakavapa kuti munyori kuti mupiro wake kukura yakakura Russian yokufungidzira. machinda Soviet sezvo bhuku "Doctor Zhivago" rainzi zodzera. Munyika, akatanga baiting.

Pasternak akanga adzingwa Writers 'Union. About iye akanyora nyaya vakatsamwa nevanyori vakakurumbira, kusanganisira Sergei Mikhalkov. Semiofficial dzinomiririra prose Soviet aida kuramba munyori gakava yokufungidzira chizvarwa uye muBenin. Pasternak, zvikafadza vavengi vake, kuisa, asi akanga akanyanya zvinozivikanwa mu Europe. Zvinoshamisa ndechokuti bhuku paakatsoropodzwa nevakawanda. Asi zvinenge hapana wavo wakati averenga.

Gare gare, mudetembi akanyora nhetembo inonzi "Nobel Prize". Nokuti basa iri akanga vakadamwa Lubyanka. nguva ino zvechokwadi akanga kutya kupomerwa "hurumende." Asi, sezvinei, hapana chakaitika.

Saka, Pasternak akava wechipiri Russian akahwina mubayiro weNobel nokuda mabhuku. Chokutanga ndechokuti Ivan Bunin. The yokufungidzira, yaakanga paakavapa mubayiro, akadana chigumbuso refu munyika yake. Ko basa zvakakonzera ruvengo zvikuru?

"Doctor Zhivago"

A chigadzirwa chakaita kuti dutu nehasha, rinotaura pamusoro kutapwa mwanakomana kusauka muzvinabhizimisi. The protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - muzukuru kamwe akapfuma mhuri. Asi baba vake vakanga akapambadza kuti uwane hwose kunwisa. The gamba iri yokufungidzira akatora pamusoro dzidzo kwevarume Gromeko. Yuri inokura pamwe mwanasikana wavo, Tonya, uyo gare gare aizova mudzimai wake.

Yuri akava chiremba. Kamwe, kana ndichiri mudzidzi, akapupurira njodzi chiitiko: musikana akaita kuedza kuuraya aizivikanwa Moscow gweta racho Komarovsky. Uyu akanga kamwe aisa ruoko rwake kuparadzwa mupenyu baba ndararama. Yuri nguva dzose yeuka musikana, edza kuzoposhera Komarovsky. Zita rake raiva Larissa. Akava mudiwa wake, makore gare gare, munguva World War First, apo Yuri aiva chiremba mumwe amachinda zvipatara.

Hondo yachinja zvose zvachose pasi. Zhivago shure kuMoscow, asi mumba apo aipedza uduku hwake, zvino nemitambo ine janita Markel. With Yuri iye zvino anotaura zvakasiyana. Handiti, pane kutaura ndiani waiva hapana achava zvose. Zhivago anoroora Markel mwanasikana uye nokukurumidza akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. The chitsauko rokupedzisira yokufungidzira pane musangano shamwari Zhivago. Mumwe wavo - Michael Gordon - vakajairana havagoni mwanasikana George uye dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo dzake. Pakati mabasa aya enhetembo:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "In Mutsvene."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. "White Night".
6. "Kurega Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Chishamiso".
9. "Magadharini."
10. "Mazuva akaipa."