The Yak-40. Passenger ndege yacho USSR. Yakovlev Design Bureau

Kazhinji patinonzwa pamusoro vehurumende avhiyesheni ndege, isu kuuya Jumbo ndege kuti inogona kubhururuka zviuru makiromita migwagwa. Zvisinei, anopfuura makumi mana muzana mhepo rinoitwa nevanhu mhepo mitsetse, kureba chiri 200-500 makiromita, uye dzimwe nguva vari akayera bedzi makumi makiromita. Imhaka zvinangwa zvakadaro uye Yak-40 akasikwa. Izvi ndege yakasiyana uye ichakurukurwa munyaya.

kakawanda kutanga

Yak-40 (mufananidzo rakapiwa munyaya inoratidza kuti ndege) raiva rokutanga muSoviet Union uye munyika mutakurwi ndege, iro rakagadzirirwa ushande omunzvimbo vendege. Akava ndege wokutanga USSR, iyo vakagamuchira gwaro airworthiness kuMadokero kusvikira zvakafanana advertising munyika yedu. The Yak-40 aiva wokutanga zvipfuwo Airbus akagamuchira zvitupa muGermany uye Italy. Iyewo akatanga ndege Soviet akapfuura zvose zvinofanira airworthiness BCAR England uye United States - kure-25. Basa advertising iri ndege kunge kwakabatsira kuwedzera sangano rayo ndege remazita muSoviet Union, kuitwa mitemo airworthiness, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu indasitiri yedu, imwe nhamba vezvikwata uye zvinhu undosangana tsika "kuMadokero." Uyezve, akava wokutanga mutakurwi airliner kuna Yakovlev Design Bureau.

mutengi wokutanga uye mhinduro kubva nyanzvi

Italy vakava nyika yokutanga munyika, awana nyika Yak-40. Aivawo akarongeka hurukuro kwemupristi chokupika muchina. Piloted ne bvunzo mutyairi M. G. Zavyalov uye Italian vezvikepe, ndege akaita nendege kubva Italian guru kuna Australia. Izvi nzira akanga akakurirwa pasina kukundikana uye breakdowns. Muna April 1970 magazini yokuFrance Aviation Magazine yakati kuti Yak-40 chiri chepakutanga design, kukura uye ndege unhu. KuMadokero, hapana anoita pasina ndege kuti raigona vaipikisa Russian waachangoroora. Mune US, chete yakatanga zvirongwa zvakadaro, Implementation kwakanga kutora nzvimbo makore mashomanana.

nyanzvi dzose dzenyika akapa soro Rating uye ndege Russian Yakovlev Design Bureau.

Kuunza ndege

By kukura Yak-40, mainjiniya akatanga muna April the 65th gore rokupedzisira remakore. Chinangwa ndege itsva yakanga kutsiva yechinyakare yemashoko pisitoni Il-12, Il-14 uye Li-2, uyo akashanda ari omunharaunda vendege. Soviet vagadziri ndege akatora gore rimwe chete kuti kugadzira uye kuvaka zvikabva. Saka, October 21, 1966 bvunzo mutyairi Arseniem Kolosovym yakatanga akamutswa mudenga kumumvuri - iri Yak-40. A chinokosha ndiko mano ndege kubvisa kubva unpaved airfields. Rakanga anosimudzirwa zvakawandisa kumahombekombe ari ndege mamiriro, akazvichengeta mainjiniya Yakovlev Design Bureau.

"Fighter reparafini" kana "simbi garo"

Yak-40 (mufananidzo apa) ndiyo nyore muchina akagadzirirwa yokutizira uye pasi vashandi pamwe yechipiri zvinodiwa. Shure kwake zvakabatanidzwa nicknames maviri - "simbi garo" (a iduku kana ichienzaniswa uye azere dymlenie simba zviumbu) uye "Fighter kuti eparafini" (nokuti dzakakwirira huni rinodyiwa). Airbus uyu ane refu kwazvo akavimbika uye operative kuchengeteka. Yak-40 anogona kubvisa kana mumwe michini matatu, uye kuti kutiza rimwe simba dzakabatana. On kugadzirira airfields vashandi basa aivabatsira zvionera rukungiso mudziyo, mumwe Kumbofungatira manera, mukuru controllability mumotokari. Achiisa injini panguva rwemberi fuselage yave shoma vibration uye ruzha.

basa kubudirira

Total ndege Soviet indasitiri yakabereka 1011 inokwana zviyero Yak-40 womuenzaniso. Nyaya yakamiswa muna 1981, asi izvi hazvina kugumisa upenyu ndege. Anopfuura makore makumi mana pamusoro Airways zvenyika - haisi yakanakisisa uchapupu rakavimbika muchina, yakarurama hwokugadzira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakaoma kuti zvinomuka pakusika muenzaniso uyu! Zvino vagadziri uye technologists Minsk Aircraft Repair Plant shanduro itsva kwete upenyu ndege yechipiri, asiwo pachiimbwa vanachiremba Yakovlev Design Bureau zvapiwa zvakasikwa - kubhururuka mumarabhoritari, izvo vachangobva akawana kukosha mune National upfumi. The Russian ndege akawana yakafara chaizvo kushanda. Saka, maererano nemakore manonwe of Yak-40 zvakazara chakatsiva Veterans Il-12, Il-14 Li-2 dzomuungano vendege. Zvaakanga pakugona kutiza anopfuura mazana matatu nzvimbo dzenyika, kuti agare achingoshanda muna 1988 zvifambiswe vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni masere. Uye asati apedza nhoroondo ndege iyi. Kushanda ruzivo muenzaniso ichi munyika yedu uye dzimwe gumi nyika zvechokwadi akaratidza fallacy rokusarudza pamusoro caffeine of Yak-40 kugadzirwa. Nokudaro, yaitsiva injini mamwe mafuta zvokufambisa injini ano aibvumirwa kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye aina ndege.

kunze kwenyika

Delivery wokutanga Yak-40 ndege kuti ekisipoti chakatangwa muna 1970, makore mana chete pashure utore-kure mutyairi womuenzaniso. Kwemakore gumi muna Asia, Europe uye Republic of Cuba yava kutengeswa 125 vamapoka siyana dzomutauro ose Layouts uye kugadziriswa. Export yokutevedzera achienzaniswa kuti Serial akanga wandei kusiyana murwiyo dzeimba uye ngarava michina. Izvi mufambi ndege USSR akapa munyika gumi: Afghanistan, Angola, Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Zambia, Italy, Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, ari Malagasy Republic, Poland, Siriya, Germany, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia. Muna 2000, ivo Kamchatka vendege vakatengesa ndege rimwe Honduras. Kubvira muna 1967, Yak-40 aiva ubatanidzwe zvose avhiyesheni Salons England, Germany, Japan, Italy, France, Sweden uye dzimwe nyika. Izvi kunozivikanwa ndege nemuenzaniso kutiza, akaita makiromita anopfuura zviuru mazana mashanu uye vakashanyira nyika dzakawanda, kwete chete muna Europe asiwo Asia, America, Africa uye Australia. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Yak-40 ndicho chokutanga airliner Soviet, iyo yaitengeswa capitalist munyika yavo pachavo dzakabudirira avhiyesheni indasitiri. ndege ava nhasi wakashanda kubudikidza Air gumi nyika.

zvekushandisa asian

We funga nokurondedzerwa ikozvino. Yak-40, maererano pasipoti data, akaronga kuti kureba rimwe nehafu chiuru makiromita. Bapiro ane kumbonyanya guru nzvimbo - 70 mativi metres, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kusiya hurongwa zvikuru kunzwisisa multislit ichibhabhamisa uye slats. The cruising havukavu iri 510 km / h. The chikuru Pfungwa ndege mamiriro akanga nyore, mubatanidzwa matatu ndege injini uye bapiro guru, mukuru yasimuka uye kumhara unongotaura. Kudhonza simba simba chikwata ane matani hafu. Chimwe chakanakira ndiye powerplant avhareji injini, riri yakarongwa fuselage, ine neizvi vaise - mudziyo unokosha unobvumira kushandura vatungamirire chiutsi gasi rukova panguva braking yacho ndege. chikwata ichi akaderedza mileage mumotokari panguva yokuwana kusvika 400 metres. Uye varindi vari kuderedza nhengo hakusi injini uye ndege. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti kubatana simba chirimwa uye kuti zviite yaitsiva pakati chikwata. The chassis pamusoro mumuchina akashongedzerwa munyoro damping hurongwa, izvozvo kunoderedza kumanikidza pamusoro pechiso runway. Izvi zvose akabvumira ndege kubvisa uye nyika zvakanaka pasi ane ivhu chifukidzo.

The nzvimbo yemutekenyi zvinonyatsoenderana vanhu vaviri: wavarwi uye co-mutyairi wendege, asi iwe unogona kuisa kana zvakakodzera chigaro wechitatu,. Cab girazi vari yemagetsi chaiyo kudziyisa. Shop Yak-40 wakadaro kuti inokwana 27 kusvika 32 vanhu. The ndege iri vakapakata ano avionics Acrobatic nemasaisai michina iyo unokubvumira kubhururuka masikati nousiku, mune mamiriro asi rwakashata ekunze. Equipment hunosanganisira: autopilot, chakagadzirwa jengachenga, achitaura hurongwa, rinobva kambasi, vaviri otomatiki mirayiridzo Finder, kursoglissadnuyu kumhara hurongwa, redhiyo altimeter kuti yakaderera altitudes. Ndege vakapakata zvikuru vakarongeka mhepo-kupisa hurongwa kudzivirira icing at the redzimba. Radio ekunze Radar kunobatsira kuona pamberi dutu fronts pamusoro ndege nzira. Maererano pasipoti data, kuti airliner zvekuvaka iri maawa zviuru makumi matatu, uye upenyu basa - kusvika makore 25.

youth wechipiri

Muna 1999, Yakovlev Design Bureau mainjiniya zvakabudisa zvidzidzo uye Masvomhu, izvo akaratidza kuti ndege operative upenyu hunogona nekaviri kusimbisa magadzirirwo uye kunatsiridzwa yacho airframe. Chirongwa ekisitenjeni basa kuchaita makambani kuti usanonoka kudiwa kutenga ndege itsva, iyo achaponesa mari yakawanda. Mazuvaano Program zvinosanganisira yokutsiva injini chisingakoshi powertrains.

tsaona

Vanhu vazhinji, uye kunyange vaya vanogara kushandisa kuminamato mhepo vatakuri, vanotya kubhururuka. Uye nguva dzose ikatsva pave kukura phobias izvi. vanhu vakadaro hakubatsiri kuratidza nenhamba, maererano iyo, vari kubonderana kwemotokari vanouraya kupfuura abondera. Mafungiro aya ari nyore kutsanangurwa, nekuti kana mutsaona, kunyange zvazvo vari mashoma chaizvo, apo vakawanda vanhu vanourayiwa. Nguva dzose ndisingafungiri, kwete chete nokuda hama yevanhu vakaurayiwa, asiwo vatorwa. Zviripachena, kutya rinotsanagurwa ndechokuti mufambi havagoni kuchinja chinhu, hapana kunobva, anopa pachake uye upenyu hwake mumaoko mutyairi soulless michina.

Saka, isu funga Nhamba zvokurwadza ndege Yak-40. Njodzi uye kurasikirwa ndege kuti zvimwe zvikonzero, nokuti nhoroondo muenzaniso uyu-gore mana kupfuura vakapfuura gumi muzana nokuidzivirira. Saka, 117 ndege vave vakarasika kubva pakutanga kushanda. Ava 46 michina akavhuniwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kakawanda kacho nemhaka yokukanganisa vezvikepe uye mhepo yomumugwagwa controllers. The yasara 71 Yak-40 dzakanga dzaparadzwa, nokuti chero chikonzero, pano zvaisanganisira uye ndege kuparadzwa panguva akavhiyiwa zvechiuto muna siyana inopisa makwapa. Sezvineiwo, wokupedzisira muchina zvokuti kwave arasika - nayo airliner, dzaparadzwa muhondo kuti Donetsk yendege May 26, 2014.

Yakovlev Aircraft

Panguva Yakovlev Design Bureau ane akapfuma kare. Kubva kwemasvingo akauya yakawanda michina yakasiyana, kubva rechiuto ndege kune Jumbo jets. Pane zviripo semitambo uye anokosha chinangwa yokutevedzera Somuenzaniso, kudzidzisa vezvikepe. Funga vamwe vavo, akadai Yak-42. muenzaniso uyu muhurukuro mid-70s wekupedzisira remakore ndege kune huru migwagwa pedyo Soviet Union. Commercial nokushanda ndege iyi yakatanga muna 80th gore. Panguva yake 194 dzakatevedzana kugadzirwa ndege dzakavakwa 1980-2002. Izvi, 42 Yak-64 nechigadziko kwakakwana chikwata uye 130 - nani nadzurudzo of Yak-42D - kwakawedzera kutora-kure uremu uye siyana. The cruising kumhanya 700 km / h. The ndege rakagadzirirwa kunonyanyisa ndege siyana zviuru zvina makiromita. The mufambi kabhini rakagadzirirwa zvigaro 120. Ndege iyi hakudi kushambadza, kubudirira kwake kutaura pachavo. Pashure pezvose, vakatanga nyika zvinyorwa mapfumbamwe! Saka, muna mumwe wavo ari Yak-42, rakagadzirirwa pedyo mitsetse, asingagoni kukodzera chinhambwe kubva guru kuRussia Khabarovsk. Zvinoshamisa zvichiri ndechokuti pamberi pakusikwa yokutevedzera of Yak-40 uye Yak-42 Yakovlev Design Bureau nezvechinhu multi-mutakurwi airliners zvavo kwete kuroorana. chikuru specialization dzavo - kuti dzidzo, zvemitambo uye uto murwi ndege.

Yak-18 ndege

ndege Iri ari wedzinza UT-2L musunungure yechi44 remakore rapfuura. Mwari akaronga kuti kurovedza kwokutanga vezvikepe. Mumakore pashure pehondo, kuti Yak-18 aiva midziyo rokutanga guru rokudzidzisa. In ake pfungwa, midziyo, uye magadzirirwo vakaratidza pfungwa kutiza nemamiriro okunze akaipa uye usiku. The ndege iri akashongedzerwa ane simba chikwata inokwana 160 litres. chik., shanduka nenamo hwindimiri aeromechanical. The fuselage mamiriro chinhu proprietary mhando pombi simbi. Mumhino namahwindo lids kuita madhoo, uye muswe chakafukidzwa nomucheka. Stabilizers uye keel vane simbi furemu ine vanachandagwinyira chaizvo shaped zvigunwe. Bapiro - dvulonzheronnoe, patsanurika, pamwe centre chikamu. Patsanurika kunyaradzana uye yose nepakati chikamu wokutanga divi nhengo ane vanachandagwinyira casing, apo vamwe chakafukidzwa nomucheka. The Yak-18 womuenzaniso, zvose zvinokanganiswa nowakautangira zvabviswa, hazvina kugadzikana chaizvo uye nyore raitungamirwa ndege, uye ane zvakanaka mukugadzirisa unhu. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya ndege ndiyo 257 km / h, vanokwira 4 m / s, kufadza kukwira zviuru zvina metres, chikuva - chiuru makiromita, kumhara kumhanya 85 km / h. The Yak-18 anopiwa ane vanoverengeka zviridzwa akasiyana rinoitawo kuti usiku uye "mapofu" dzichibhururuka.

The Yak-18T - imwe dikidiki muchina of Yak-18. Uyu chiedza multipurpose ndege. Ndiye mumwe zvikuru ndege inoshandiswa muzvikoro kutiza. Rakanga pamutemo akataura pamusoro imwe ndege unyanzvi Misangano, 650 michina Yak-18T kunge yakadzikiswa zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni maawa pasina chakakomba rwokugadzira mhosva. Mazuva ano shanduro, ndege iyi anopa pakawanda, inogona mufambi, kudzidzisa uye kurovedzwa, utano, zvifambiso. Uyezve, rinoshandiswa vaende mafuta uye gasi mapaipi, simba mitsetse, migwagwa dzinodhura uye AZHUTHA, uyewo kutakura vanhu vatatu chinhambwe makiromita mazana mashanu.

Mitambo ndege kubva Yakovlev Design Bureau

May 8, 1979 mudenga pedyo Tushino Banga paiva diki ndege ine rakajeka mapapiro dzvuku. Plane nyore kutinhira famously akaita aerobatics: ngoma, zvishwe, flips. An ruzivo ziso aizofanira pakarepo akataura kuti hazvina tsika veko mitambo kuroora Yak-50, yakasiyana muenzaniso. Large Lantern yemhando nzvimbo yemutekenyi akataura kuti uyu muchina kaviri. Panguva kumhara aigona kutsaura vamwe kusiyana: kumhara kurova-rova uye mhino kumhara giya. Yakanga chisikwa chitsva kubva ouinjiniya magadzirirwo Bureau Yakovlev - the Yak-52 ndege inokwanisa kugutsa kupfuura siyana uye dzinopesana wandei. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti chokurovedza mitambo midziyo inoda usingashandi pakusimba varikumahombekombe, shoma nesimba, iyo inofanira kuita mutyairi kuti kudzora muchina ruoko. Zvinofanira snap nyore kuita aerobatics. Uye ndege chokurovedza kwokutanga, zviri nekusiyana, inofanira kuva yakatsiga zvikuru uye zvakaoma kutarisira uye asingauyi kuti Musanyura ari tailspin.

The muchini chiridzwa kutiza kudzidziswa inofanira kuva kumbonyanya yakasimba akagadzirwa wekushandisa uye ngarava zvokushandisa, uye nokuda yemitambo shanduro zvichava chete kuva imwe mutoro. Nezvinetso zvose izvi uye akasangana neboka mainjiniya uye vagadziri. Kunyange zvakadaro, ndege kurarama basa iri se "kugonesesa" uye nekukurumidza; asi Yak-52 yakavakwa memwedzi mitanhatu. Ichi miviri-metal monoplane. The fuselage - Semi-monocoque, ine kushanda simbi lining. It chinobatanidza kuti puranga countersunk riveted. Bapiro - kuroorwa-spar, vakagadzirira pamwe kumhara ichibhabhamisa, akarembera shompolnye loop uye kudzora mhepo humburumbira. Cantilever muswe chikwata. The stabilizer zenze uye vakaurayiwa dvulonzheronnoy zano. Yak-pfumbamwe-pisitoni 52 anopiwa ane TOUR nemotokari chikwata inokwana 360 litres. a. pamwe otomatiki shanduka nenamo hwindimiri. Navigation uye ndege midziyo unokubvumira achibhururuka zvikuru nematambudziko mamiriro ekunze. Kuwedzera mutemo mano, muenzaniso uyu akaisa Gengi hurongwa, VHF redhiyo uye zvaitika mirayiridzo Finder. Rini aurayiwe aerobatic anofambisa, chinhu nemamwe kufamba uye ndege midziyo iri namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara.