The satellites pamusoro Saturn, Enceladus. Pane upenyu pamusoro Enceladus

The satellites pamusoro Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, Tethys, uye vamwe - zvakasiyana kukura, chimiro uye mamiriro. Large uye nechando kwemwedzi parutivi rwechipo diki uye matombo. Imwe zvinofadza zvikuru zvinhu munyika - Enceladus. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti wechitanhatu kupfuura mwedzi kuti Saturn ane subsurface munyanza. Masayendisiti dana Enceladus zvimwe kukwikwidza kuti vasabatwa woupenyu nyore-siyana.

gasi Zirume

Saturn - chechipiri pakukura nyika iri renzou. The dhayamita ndiyo chete zvishoma muduku mutungamiri panyaya iyi, Jupiter. Zvisinei, kuti vazhinji Saturn haisi kukuru. arambe achirema Its ipfupi emvura parameter kuti hachisisiri hunhu kuti chero mapuraneti munyika.

Saturn, kufanana Jupiter, Uranus, uye Neptune, ari semhosva gasi hofori. Inoitwa rehydrogen, nehelium, methane, amoniya, mvura uye shoma inorema zvinhu. Saturn ane yakajeka zvindori renzou. Ivo rinoumbwa echando uye guruva. Nezvimedu yakasiyana size: chikuru uye kupfuura isingawanzowanikwi kuwana makumi ezviuru metres, zvikuru kupfuura munhu mashoko mashoma.

"Cassini"

Muna 1997, kuti chikwata "Cassini-Huygens" kwakatangwa kudzidza Saturn uye ayo kwemwedzi. Akava wokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite yacho gasi vaRafa. "Cassini" yakaratidza nyika asingazivikanwi Saturn hexagonal dutu mapikicha, mashoko ari komwedzi, mifananidzo pemvura Titan yekudyidzana mukwanisi ruzivo masayendisiti iyi gasi hofori. Muchina achiri kushanda uye anoramba kupa ruzivo kune vaongorori. A yakawanda "Cassini" uye kuudzwa Enceladus.

satellites

Gas Zirume rine zvinenge 62 kwemwedzi. Havasi vose vane mazita avo, vamwe nokuda diki kukura uye nezvimwewo vanozivikanwa chete nhamba. Kudeuka mwedzi yacho gasi vaRafa - Titan, achiteverwa Ray. kwemwedzi Saturn vake, Enceladus, Dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas uye vashoma uyewo vari zvine guru iri kukura. Zvisinei, ndainakidzwa chikamu kwemwedzi mu dhayamita hazvirevi pfuura mamita 100.

Chokwadi, pakati masumbu vakadaro kuitika uye nemamwe zvinhu. Titan Somuenzaniso, ndiye wechipiri pakukura kukura ose satellites zviri zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri (rokutanga - ose Ganymede "Suite" waZeusi). Zvisinei, ayo chikuru chepfungwa chinhu gobvu chaizvo mhepo. Mumakore achangopfuura, vanoongorora zvenyeredzi kuwedzera akatungamirira materesikopu avo Saturn kuti mwedzi Enceladus, izvo tsananguro inopiwa pazasi.

kuwanikidza

Enceladus - mumwe kupfuura Saturn kuti kwemwedzi. Chakazarurwa yechitanhatu. Muna 1789, akanga yakawanikwa pedyo Uilyam Gershel pamwe teresikopu ake. Zvichida, asi Satellite yaizova akazaruka pamberi (saizi yayo uye yakakwirira albedo izvi zvikuru vakabatsira), asi kuona Enceladus kudziviswa kuratidzwa mhete uye vazhinji Saturn. Uilyam Gershel vaichengeta gasi Rafa nguva yakanaka - uye akaita zvakawanikwa zvinobvira.

parameters

Enceladus - wechitanhatu kupfuura mwedzi kuti Saturn. dhayamita Its iri 500 km, riri pamusoro ka25 zvishoma pane zvakafanana parameter wenyika. Misa shamwari muduku puraneti iri kusvika 200 zviuru nguva. Enceladus kuti saizi hazvirevi kuti zvaasingakanganwi nzvimbo chinhu. Kunopiwa kwomwedzi nedzimwe parameters.

Enceladus ane mukuru reflectivity, ayo albedo pedyo kubatana. In yose yezvinhu, pamwe zviri chakajeka chinhu mushure zuva. Chikonzero kwenyeredzi kupenya pakupisa pose Enceladus zvachose zvimwe. Zvinoratidza zvinenge zvose chiedza kuti anouya nayo, nokuti akafukidza chando. Avhareji pamusoro tembiricha kuti -200 ° C pamusoro Satellite.

The muchadenga of Satellite iri pedyo zvakakwana kuna Saturn marin'i. Kubva gasi hofori zvinonzi akaparadzaniswa nevanhu chinhambwe 237 378? Km. Imwe chimurenga vakapoteredza nyika shamwari kunoita kwemaawa 32.9.

pamusoro

Pakutanga, masayendisiti havana kufarira Enceladus saka kushingaira. Zvisinei, kuti chikwata "Cassini", kakawanda zvikuru pedyo kusvika kuna Satellite, akapa zvikuru inonakidza Data Panyika.

Pemvura Enceladus uneventful craters. Vose kungoda kuwa meteorites vari pfungwa munzvimbo duku. A chepfungwa Satellite izhinji zvavanokanganisa, pazvirugu uye makatsemuka. Most zvinoshamisa Education dziri pedyo rwezasi danda riri Satellite. Parallel kune tectonic zvikanganiso vaakawana "Cassini" muchina muna 2005. Vakadaidzwa "ingwe Kurohwa" ayo akafanana mufananidzo moustached chinorura.

Maererano masayendisiti, makatsemuka izvi - young inotungamirwa, chichiratidza Satellite iri revadzidzi Geological basa. "Tiger Kurohwa" 130? Km refu dzakaparadzaniswa zvikamu 40? Km. Chitundumusere-musere "Voyager 2" ichibhururuka apfuura Enceladus muna 1981, haana kuona zvikanganiso wezasi danda. Vaongorori vanoti makatsemuka chaizvo kwemakore ane chiuru, uye zvinokwanisika vaingove gumi apfuura.

tembiricha anomalies

Orbital chiteshi vakanyorwa asiri mwero tembiricha kuparadzirwa pamusoro pemvura Enceladus. Zvakaitika kuti zasi danda riri yepasi pose muviri rinopisa kumusoro zvinopfuura neequator. Sun haasi kukwanisa kuita kuti anomaly yakadaro: kazhinji matanda ndivo coldest munzvimbo. Masayendisiti munyaya mukudzidza Enceladus, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti mhaka kudziyisa - dzomunyika kupisa kunobva.

Zvinokosha kutaura kuti pamusoro tembiricha munzvimbo ino mukuru maererano nezvinodiwa yakadaro kure nzvimbo renzou. The satellites pamusoro Saturn, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, uye vamwe - havagoni vanozvirova inopisa nzvimbo inozivikanwa mupfungwa. The tembiricha iri anomalous dzinodengenyeka chete 20-30º pamusoro unosvikirwa, i.e. akaenzana anenge -180 ° C.

Zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika dzinoti chikonzero muchidziisa rwezasi danda riri Satellite ndiwo munyanza, riri pana kwayo pamusoro.

geysers

Subsurface gungwa pamusoro Enceladus anoita pachayo sokuti kwete chete nokuda muchidziisa rwezasi danda. The mvura zvinoriumba izvozvo anoona sezvo geysers kuburikidza "ingwe mitsetse". Simba jets vave kuonekwa sezvo vachiongorora "Cassini" muna 2005. The mudziyo inounganidzwa mimwe zvinhu chokubuda zvinoriumba. Ongororo ake kwakaita kuti zvekungofungira maviri. Pedyo penyika nezvimedu vapukunyuka "ingwe mitsetse", ane yakawanda munyu. Dzinotaura nezvokuvapo gungwa pasi pemvura Enceladus (uye ichi ndicho mhedziso masayendisiti kubva Data "Cassini" wokutanga). With yakakwirira zvikuru mwero makatsemuka dzigadzire nezvimedu ane zvishoma munyu. Mhedziso wechipiri: zvinoumba mhete E kuti "nharaunda" chaizvoizvo iri Saturn.

subsurface Ocean

Anoyevedza mugove kupukunyuka inoramba iri pedyo iri sezvamunoita kuna yomugungwa. Vachapukunyuka panguva vade nokukurumidza uye haagoni kuva zvinhu nokuda mhete E acharungwa nezvimedu kuwira pamusoro pechiso Enceladus. The Kuronga anobuda echando kunoratidza kuti kwarwakabva haagoni chando goko pamusoro Satellite.

Vaongorori vanoti vava gungwa riri kudzika 50 mamaira pasi pose Enceladus. Zvinonzi imwe chete kudivi rimwe zvakaoma chinoumba uye nejasi nechando - rumwe. Mvura interlayer vari mvura ezvinhu, pasinei tembiricha yakaderera. Hazvina -oma nokuti mukuru munyu zvirimo, uyewo munhu naTidhari simba kuti anosika rinokweva munda Saturn uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Huwandu Ipwa mvura (vanenge 200 makirogiramu ose wechipiri) anotaura chihombe yomugungwa nzvimbo. The jets mvura mhute uye chando dzigadzire pemvura kubudikidza inotungamirwa makatsemuka, anokonzera kuvafurira nyonganyonga.

chadenga

Automatic interplanetary chiteshi "Cassini" riri Enceladus, uye mhepo. Wakatanga vakanyorwa magnetometer mudziyo pamusoro zvainoita magnetosphere pamusoro Saturn. Papera nguva, "Cassini" pakarepo kuchigadzira, ndichiona raora shamwari wegamma Orionis. Research vachiongorora akabvumira kuti kudzidza anofungidzirwa Zvinoumba Saturn kuti nechando mwedzi muchadenga. 65% ine mvura mhute panguva yechipiri nzvimbo riri samolecular rehydrogen wevasungwa (vanenge 20%) vanonziwo padzakacherechedza kabhoni dioxide, carbon monoxide uye samolecular senitrogen.

Panobva replenishment zvomumhepo vanotarisirwa geysers, kuputika basa kana magasi.

Iri Enceladus pane upenyu?

Kuwana mvura iri mvura ezvinhu - a vanopfuura mumwe mhando mune mazita anogona inogarwa (nzira chete nyore zvinenge) mapuraneti. Maererano masayendisiti, kana gungwa pasi pemvura Enceladus kare aripo, kubvira pakuberekwa zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, mukana rokuwana upenyu pane mukuru chaizvo, chero kuti mvura inenge yose nguva anodzokororwa nemvura mamiriro. Kana gungwa yaita chando nguva nenguva, zvinokwanisika nokuda chaizvo daro kubva magetsi, ipapo mumwe mukana habitability anova duku chaizvo.

Kuti asimbise kana kuramba zvekungofungira Vatsvakurudzi zvino kukwanisa chete mashoko ichibva "Cassini" vachiongorora. basa rake yaitanga kusvikira 2017. Hazvizivikanwi kuti nokukurumidza tichakwanisa kuenda Saturn uye ayo satellites nevamwe nzvimbo Yatanga Kuongorora. Kure kubva pasi kusvikira Enceladus huru, uye zvirongwa izvi zvinoda kunyatsogadzirira uye yaiva mari.

"Cassini" vachiongorora mberi. Akanga achienda kudzidza gasi hofori Saturn uye kwemwedzi. Enceladus Zvisinei, haana kuonekwa munzvimbo huru mazita mabasa. Vaichengeta zvinhu zvinosanganisira payo ndandanda kukosha. Hapana aitarisira kuwana mvura vari mvura ezvinhu panguva nzvimbo dzaro, apo Saturn iri. Photos of geysers pamusoro Enceladus, uye makore mashomanana pashure kuwanikwa kuonekwa incredible. Zvinokwanisika Satellite isingatarisirwi regai kuguma kusvikira pakupera basa "Cassini" zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika vanodzidza zvakawanda zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza pamusoro ichi nechando mwedzi.