The nebhuku rokunyorera yokutanga munyika: mifananidzo

Kutanga itsva-fangled mano nguva dzose ane nhoroondo anonakidza. Mumwe vaikwira, uye ipapo akavaka kumumvuri, ipapo yakabonderana nokukundikana vokutanga. Dzimwe nguva, netsaona, vasingakwanisi kubuda, uye mune zvimwe incredible nzira vanhu zvichiratidzika mutsva zvinoshamisa.

The nebhuku rokunyorera yokutanga munyika akatora zvakawanda kuva kuti, riri pamusoro desktops vazhinji vedu. With nhoroondo paumbwe mudziyo wacho kunzwisisa zvakawanda.

Chii?

Zvino kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anoziva zvinotaurwa Laptop uye chii zviri kuti. Ko kuti chero rudzi Africa havazokwanisi kukunda chishamiso ichi zvigadzirwa. Most vanhu ano vanoziva kuti ichi chinhu pachake kombiyuta, riri kunyanya nevakawanda kuti yakafara chokufambisa. Inside payo pane zvose chinyakare zvokubikisa kuti vari pakuona PC yenyu.

Pamberi pedu - zvakafanana kuratidzwa, keyboard, negonzo analogue, dzimwe nguva shoma mbeva. Zvinogonekawo kuti kushandisa disks, nokupenya Zvifambiso, uye zvakawanda. Inside ezvinhu zviri kumhanya pamusoro processor, riri zvishoma dzakachinjwa, sezvo kukura haabvumiri yokugadza makuru Chips. Uyewo anotarisa siyanei Graphics kadhi. RAM ndangariro womuenzaniso yakavakwa kupinda motherboard uye hwakaoma dhisiki ane zvakasiyana format, izvo anosiyana kukura mudziyo.

The nebhuku rokunyorera yokutanga munyika zvakafanana features, kurudyi mumwe, asi zvakanga hapana akafanana ano mano.

zano

Mumwe anogona nharo pamusoro pokuti mudziyo waiva pakutanga. Asi pfungwa zvose anotitungamirira Alan Curtis Kay. The musayendisiti American yagara kudzidza makombiyuta. Kubvira 1970, vaongorori vari kutanga kushandira Xerox. Akabva akava mumwe kumumvuri zvakarukwa workstations Developers. Zvinofadza izvi Zviitiko hauna kwakacherechedzwa, uye gare gare ivo vakashandiswa nyanzvi kubva Apple Computer.

Uyu sei musayendisiti pedyo kusika Laptop wokutanga. Kay akafunga pfungwa yacho Dynabook. Ipfungwa Urwu rwatova haareururi zano riri chaizvo zvakafanana Laptop. Asi pfungwa iyi yakagadzirwa Mobile kudzidza uye zvakazara rinosanganisa kuti devaysa mikana yose iripo.

Kazhinji, pfungwa Alan Kay akazviratidza muna 1968. Iye akafunga nokuumba Mobile oga zano kuti simulates mukabhuku. Asi zvinhu ake uye mabasa vaisafanira cede michina yakakwana.

zvechokwadi kuedza

Muna 1976 iri Laptop wokutanga munyika, iyo tumapini akasunungurwa. Above kwakashanda Alan Key, Larry Tesler, Adele Goldberg, Douglas Fairbairn. The kumumvuri rakaratidzwa vose, asi kugadzirwa haisi kubudiswa. About gumi mhando vakaungana kuti vatevere mberi basa iri kukura mudziyo uyu.

Zvisinei, kunyange panguva tumapini ane monochrome chidzitiro, kavha pafiripi, keyboard, dhisiki drive mbeva. RAM aiva kilobytes 128 chete, uye Chip wachi kakawanda hakuiti kupfuudza 1 MHz. The uchishandisa Hurongwa kwava dzakabudirira shanduro yapfuura Smalltalk.

Pasinei inoita Conceptual pfungwa, wokutanga Laptop haana chaizvo uye Mobile munyika. kurema kwayo kwakanga 22 makirogiramu. Kunyange zvazvo mudziyo unoshanda autonomously uye kunyange akashandisa zvimwe mudonzvo mundege, kunyange akanga kure muenzaniso ano. Chii Kay haana vabata nguva uye kushandurira pfungwa dzavo kupinda kugadzirwa zvakava nengozi iye, sezvo aizokwanisa kuwana mari yakawanda.

vanobudirira kuedza

Asi akaita Bill Mogridzh. Akatanga kushanda kuti mudziyo musi NASA chikumbiro. Series kugadzirwa rakatanga muna 1982. Asi haana kushandisa kudiwa, nokuti simba nerubatsiro vasipo ari muenzaniso uyu.

Ndiyo nebhuku rokunyorera wokutanga vakaremerwa 3 makirogiramu, zvichienzaniswa 22 ari budiriro rakakura. Ukobvu akanga 5 masendimita. Uyezve, paiva bvisika bhatiri, yakajeka monochrome vanoratidza uye pakuvara Modem.

CPU kubva Intel muna 8086 kambani unomushandira aine kakawanda 8 MHz, iyo atova budiriro. RAM - 256 KB. Paiva RS-232 Serial chiteshi. The Modem ukashanda dzimwe aimhanya 1200 matomu por wechipiri. Pamusana kwaari, unogona kushandisa paIndaneti chitoro Software uye umboo kubva kambani pachena.

Zvinofadza kuti muna 1979, apo Laptop yambokurukurwa, achiri kugona kushandisa MS-Dos, nokuti iyoyo yakanga isati dzatangwa. Asi Laptop angosimuka zvakanaka pashure 1988, apo iye aishanda mukati itsva Intel 80386 processor.

The mudziyo rava multi-yaishandiswa uye basa mabasa akawanda. Saka, mukati aigona kushandisa proprietary ruzivo, pakati yaiva kumumvuri yazvino control panel, anodhinda maneja, chinyorwa mupepeti, spreadsheet, faira zvakanaka uye zvakawanda.

Kunobudirira haana chete mukati menyika muchina, asi ayo deko. The magnesium casing, akanga wakatsigira simba mitoro, ukuwo, pakarepo Akakwezva zvechiuto uye NASA. Saka pakutanga kwezvose, motokari iyi vakapinda wokufambisa madhipatimendi izvi. Somugumisiro, Grid Compass raishandiswa senzira co-ordinator uye kurwisa maneja zviyero, uyewo kupfuura kamwe akatuma muchadenga ake.

nokuti vanhu

wokutanga notibhuku Photos zvenyika kwatiri kuratidza mumwe kurwa kuti musoro wedangwe. Ivo vakava Osborne 1. Pasinei nokuti akasvika pakuzivikanwa pashure ose yambotaurwa, ndiyo Laptop wokutanga, raiva rokutengesa kubudirira. muenzaniso uyu akaenda zvavo muna 1981. Shure kwake akamira vokuAmerica kambani Osborne Computer Corporation.

The kuchiitwa ichi womuenzaniso kuti rumwe mudziyo waiva kutakura mubato rimwe riri keyboard, izvo zvaiitwa pazuva pafiripi pakavha. Inside aiva monochrome chidzitiro ane shanu-padiki kuratidza. Uyewo, magadzirirwo iri akashongedzerwa mbiri dhisiki Zvifambiso, uye anokwanisa batanidza chimwe tarisisa kana Modem.

The uchishandisa Hurongwa rava CP / M. Inside paiva shoko processor, spreadsheet, uye vaturikiri vanoverengeka mitauro. The chikuru drawback kuti mudziyo uyu kwayo uremu - 11 makirogiramu, wokutanga Laptop waiva mutengo chipepa muna 1795 madhora. Saka, pasinei kuwanda motokari kune vakawanda, kwete zvose vanogona kuwana chishamiso ichi zvigadzirwa.

Inside aiva Z80 processor ane kakawanda 4 MHz. RAM aiva 64 chete KB. Njodzi boka zvakazoonekwa kuti zvinosuruvarisa. Nokuda kuwanda vakwikwidzi, uyo akakurumidza kuti mudziyo nani, kuti mugadziri akasarudza kuudza nyika pamusoro kutanga rokutengesa anotevera muenzaniso parachuti asati vakaenda pasero. Kutama kwakanga kwakakundikana, yakarova okutengesa Osborne 1, pashure vose kusauka kambani.

Soviet nzira

Sezvineiwo, mufananidzo rokutanga notibhuku munyika uye anotitungamirira kuti epamba kumumvuri. Akanzi "Electronics" uye yakabudiswa muna 1991. Nechokunze, Akatarisa akafanana atova hwaShadhireki apo Laptops mavanga. Sezvineiwo, nokurondedzerwa yakanga yakati nani kupfuura shanduro yokutanga American. Somuenzaniso, kuyeuka zvakanga 640 KB.

The chinetso womuenzaniso ichi ndechokuti rinodhura akapfuudza avhareji muhoro munyika, asi, kunyange kana inodzidzisa ane mukana kutenga muchina yakadaro, achiri kuzviita nokuda kwayo inaccessibility. Saka, mashoko hwokugadzira unhu zvinenge hapana chikazozikamwa, uye mashoko pamusoro kumumvuri ichi akaramba chete papepa, sezvo Laptop haana akasunungurwa kuti vakawanda.