The makambani pakukura Russia. Large inishuwarenzi Makambani muRussia

Russia - huru uye simba mamiriro. Hazvishamisi kuti munyika ino pane akawandisa kupfuura simba uye pakukura makambani munyika. Kuti tione makambani pakukura Russia, Extras aifanira kuita basa rakaoma, nokuti nhamba akaitwa munyika yedu iri kukura gore negore. Maererano nenyanzvi, kuziva vatungamiriri vanofanira kuziva mukuru Vakwikwidzi nerimwe munzvimbo yebasa (simba, kuvakwa, simbi, inishuwarenzi, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira).

Types makambani muRussia

Kuti tione makambani pakukura Russia, zvakakodzera kwete chete kuti kufunga zvose kurimwa zvekutepfenyura munyika yedu, asi kuti tinyatsoziva pfungwa iyi, sezvo private uye voruzhinji uridzi. Hapana chakavanzika vakawanda mafekitari makambani vane kubva pamazuva Soviet Union munyika ino. Zvinosuruvarisa nhasi zvisingaiti zvichiberekana zvakafanana mafekitari hombe uye mabhizimisi vanokwanisa kuita nguva veSoviet. Asi, Ukuwo, kana paine vanoda ichi? Nyika yemazuva ano dzokwenyu mitemo mitsva, uye magetsi varidzi zviri nyore chaizvo kurarama nazvo. Uye zvirokwazvo, zvikuru nani kuvaka boka rako pachako kana chirimwa, izvo ucharipirwa chete kune muridzi. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita nhamba yokutengeserana nhasi. Saka, kuona Mapoka pakukura Russia, unofanira uzive vamwe vavo private, uye chii - hurumende.

Makambani ehurumende-anazvo

Hazvishamisi kuti kureva makurusa makambani Russian inotungamirirwa anozivikanwa zvikuru mumhuri mabhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, kambani "Gazprom", iro hazvitomboiti kwete kudana mutungamiri bhodhi. Regai kushamiswa chokuti anenge masangano ayo mubasa mafuta uye gasi vari anazvo rose kana kuti chikamu chiri utungamiriri nyika yedu. Kubva Makambani izvi kunobva kwete kukosha National mari, asiwo yose mugumo wavanhu. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Russia - nyika-ekisipota, kunyanya kumusika nyika, nyika yedu akatuma chete mafuta uye gasi. Kunyange kutaura kuti pachena makambani anosanganisira avo makambani kuti vanoonekwa kuti kuroorwa kana vasina vakwikwidzi mumusika nyika. Somuenzaniso, JSC "United Shipbuilding Corporation" (USC), JSC "United Aircraft Corporation" kana kuti nzvimbo indasitiri. Asi pane maindasitiri umo hurumende kushanda haabatanidzwi, asi anowana mumwe chikamu mugove.

private makambani

Zviri masangano aya nhengo dzakavanzika makambani. Kunyange zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pakati makambani yakafanana unogona kuwana kunyatsoziva zita. Somuenzaniso, makambani akadai "Lukoil", "Bashneft", "Tatneft" kana Grocery cheni "Magnit", hamuzi hurumende, uye vamwe vanamuzvinabhizimisi kana boka vanhu. Large private Makambani muRussia vane yakakwirira goho uye, chokwadi, ukuru hwaro. Panguva iyoyo zvakaoma kutaura kuti varidzi vemakambani aya maindasitiri hwake akavaka. Kakawanda vapfumi vanamuzvinabhizimisi nyore kunotenga kubva mamiriro unorema kubva migove vova varidzi kambani akanga apedza. Zvakakodzera vagovere zvose masangano mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti kuziva makambani pakukura Russia. Pamazita harizovi panofanira zvose nzvimbo bhizimisi, uye rakakura chikuru.

makambani mafuta

The pakukura Makambani mumafuta indasitiri - a "Gazprom", "Lukoil", "Rosneft", "Bashneft", "Surgutneftegaz" uye dzimwe emakambani izvo zviri kuita kugadzirwa uye aina mafuta munyika yedu. Zvakangoitikawo kuti masangano vari mubasa simba nepfuma nyika yedu, pane havatomborina mupfupi. Makambani mafuta Russian zvisingapindirani yayo kukura kwete chete mukati Russia asiwo kuonekwa zvakakwana guru munyika. Sezvaunoziva, nhema goridhe ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pose zviwanikwa, uye nyika yedu ine guru nerubatsiro ichi mbishi zvinhu. Uyewo, unogona kuona kuti pakati vatungamiriri kwete chete ehurumende-vaiva makambani, asiwo private.

Kana tikaenzanisa ari profitability makambani, tinogona kuona kuti muna 2012 "Gazprom" chakabereka anenge mabhiriyoni 117,6 emadhora, ukuwo "Lukoil", riri panzvimbo yechipiri, mabhiriyoni 111,4 chete emadhora. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti uwandu vashandi vanoshanda mu "Gazprom", anenge 4 nguva kupfuura "Lukoil". The mamiriro ine vamwe migove wekambani ino.

kuvaka makambani

Mumazana kuvaka indasitiri ari kushingaira yakatanga okupedzisira 20 apfuura. Ndokusaka pane makambani akawanda zvokuti vari mubasa rokuvaka migwagwa, pekugara uye zvokutengeserana kwakavakirwa, uyewo mafuta uye gasi zvivako zvevakomana. Pakati vatungamiri rinogona kuzivikanwa masangano anenge 30, izvo Parizvino anogona kupa rubatsiro pamusoro kupfuura zvakanaka mazwi. Somuenzaniso, SC "Stroygazmontazh". boka rake rinosanganisira dzinoverengeka makambani kuti zviri nyore kushandisa zvirongwa chero kunzwisisa. Zvikurukuru, "Stroygazmontazh" anotipa mafuta uye gasi indasitiri pamwe mabasa ayo.

GC "Inteko" - boka makambani mubasa rokuvaka yokugara musha. Boka Companies "SU-155" inopa zvakawanda mabasa, vanachiremba edu vakagadzirira kupa minamato yavo yakasiyana-siyana mirayiridzo. Anenge zvose kuvakwa makambani muRussia havana muridzi neHurumende.

simbi

The metallurgia indasitiri haisi nzvimbo wokupedzisira munyika yedu. Zvichida ndosaka ndiro vaitungamirira nzvimbo dziri inogarwa Russian simbi Makambani makuru. List ari indasitiri rakakamurwa zviviri: ferrous uye non-ferrous indasitiri. Aimbova anosanganisira makambani akadai "Evraz", "Group kuChelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant", "Mechel", "Severstal", "TMK" uye "United Metallurgical Company". Chechipiri boka Kunoumbwa makambani kuti kubata nesimbi anodhura, "Norilsk nickel", "Ryaztsvetmet", "Novosibirsk Tin Plant", "Russian Aluminum" uye "Ural Mining uye Metallurgical Company." Mumakore mashoma apfuura, hurumende rinokoshesa zvikuru kuti bhizimisi, nokuti makambani aya mudzimba vari abatsira zvikuru zvose kugadzirwa nyika.

IT-Makambani

Upfumi Nyika edu sohunobishairira yakatanga, uye rave akapinda uye IT-boka iri pamusoro kupfuura makambani Russian. Mutungamiri munda uyu, Chokwadi, ndiye "Yandex", riri makore 15 chete ivepo akakwanisa kuwana zvinoshamisa zvabuda. Munzvimbo yechipiri hakuna zvishoma nomukurumbira nzvimbo Mail.ru. Kubva zvatinosiita kambani basa mabha- Mail.ru Group rava repamutemo chaiye, izvo vanenge 3 zviuru. Nhasi People. Co-muridzi wekambani ndechimwe vakapfuma varume Russia - Alisher Usmanov.

Yetatu - yakakurumbira pasocial network "VKontakte", iro anopiwa pagore purofiti mamiriyoni 215 emadhora pamusoro. Next pachikwata vatungamiriri boka, izvo zvinogona mune pfupi kukwezva guru vateereri vanoshandisa, "RBC", "Afisha-Rambler», iFree, Game Insight, uyewo "2GIS" uye Superjob. Vose Masangano aya ndiwo nzvimbo ngaikudzwe kune mazita makambani pakukura nyika yedu, nokuti kuwanda Internet vanoshandisa vanoshandisa mabasa avo zuva nezuva.

A vakasvimha inishuwarenzi uye nei makambani aya kukoshesa Russia

Makambani inishuwarenzi Russia guru chaizvoizvo zvinogona dzakanyorwa pasina kumbozengurira. Mumakore achangopfuura, akawandisa vanhu vakatanga kushandisa kuminamato masangano aya. Zvichida zvinoitirwa chikonzero ichi kuti munyika yedu saka vakakurumidza kuziva pamusoro matatu, iyo inoitwa gore negore chete kuchinja nzvimbo pamusoro pakagadzirwa nematanda vakundi kuera.

Zvinofanira ambopupura kuti nhasi basa inishuwarenzi yazova fanira muitiro. Rinoshandiswa vashanyi, vashandi makambani makuru, vatengi inishuwarenzi zvinotokosha mabhanga. Uyezve, kazhinji makambani inishuwarenzi nemakasitoma vanowanzoshandisa basa iri kwete chete nokuti kuchengeteka utano hwavo, asiwo kuti pave nokuchengeteka pfuma uye pachake zvifambiso. Achitaura makambani pakukura Russia, zvinokosha kuziva kuti sangano rine Nhamba huru vatengi munyika. Saka, vatatu vatungamiriri ine makambani "Rosgosstrakh", "SOGAZ" uye "INGOSTRAKH".

makambani inishuwarenzi

Kuti tinzwisise nei makambani aya kutora nzvimbo yokutanga pagore chepamusoro, chete kutarisa profitability masangano aya. Makambani inishuwarenzi huru Russia yakabereka anoyevedza purofiti. Somuenzaniso, "Rosgosstrakh" chete muna 2013 akakwanisa kuratidza mugumisiro muna bhiriyoni 99,8 kubva premiums zviunganidzwe. Panguva iyoyowo, "SOGAZ" akaratidza mugumisiro muna bhiriyoni 84,8 kubva premiums uye "INGOSTRAKH" - vanenge mabhiriyoni 66,6 shoma. Zviri masangano inishuwarenzi izvi vane chinonyanya kukwezva mukurumbira kuti wakaedza kwete chete nguva, asiwo kuwanda vatengi. Kunenge saka nerimwe gore nhamba nemakasitoma kuwedzera mumapoka aya.

Maererano nenyanzvi, ndiwo masangano akadaro anofanira kutora aitungamirira chinzvimbo chepamusoro ari makambani pakukura Russia zvavo. Kuwedzera vatungamiriri matatu vangazivikanwa uye makambani akadai "RESO-Garantia", "Alfa Insurance" uye "mvumo".

zvakawanikwa

Hazvishamisi rakakura Russian kambani - imwe zvebhizimisi kuti vaita kugadzirwa uye aina mafuta uye gasi. pamusoro gumi kana tikafunga Data kuti atungamirire nyanzvi, muri: makambani 5 mafuta, rwezvemabhengi masangano 2, 1 boka, izvo unoshanda mumunda simba network, rimwe boka chokuita njanji, uye 1 boka zvokurapa. Pakati vatungamiri nhasi - hapana kambani inishuwarenzi rimwe, pasinei ndechokuti nhamba yevanhu vanoshandisa kuminamato makambani aya, ari zvakakwana guru. Gore rino kambani "Rosgosstrakh" rakava nzvimbo 79th chete chepamusoro, izvo vakawanda hakuna kuipa. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti makambani makuru Russian zvinozivikanwa kwete nyika yedu asiwo dzimwe anoti. Masangano Most, pasinei nokuti vari voga kana voruzhinji, havana kuenzana munyika!