The mabasa uye pfungwa uchishandisa hurongwa

Sezvo inception makombiyuta akapfuura kudaro refu nemitemo vasikwa. Asi pano Ndiyo uchishandisa hurongwa kutarisira kwavari, akapindira kure mberi. Hazvina chokuita kunyange Bill Gates 'kukura, unoda kushandisa Windows hurongwa. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose zvakaitika ipapa. Pfungwa anodawo mugadziriro, unofanira kutanga achitarisa kubva pfupi karwendo kupinda munhoroondo chirongwa. Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose. Uyezve, pfungwa yacho uchishandisa hurongwa, asi kupatsanura pakati yacho uchishandisa maitiro uye mamwe mazwi pasina zvinongokonzerwa asingagoni.

Computers panguva mambakwedza rezvisikwa

Kana tikafunga makombiyuta kubvira panguva panowanikwa yavo, kushanda wegadziriro sezvo vakadaro, ipapo ndisipo zvachose. Old kombiyuta iri kwakajairika yekombiyuta kuti anogona kubata chero kwemasvomhu kushandiswa.

Nyore yokugadzirisa ıO mashoko panguva iyoyo vaiva punchi makadhi nebepa tepi. Wokutanga ane masero chinhu, ari alternation iyo unobvumira iwe kupinda mashoko zvakarurama kuti. Wechipiri risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi kuratidza kupatsanurwa mugumisiro. Sezvingatarisirwa, nzira iyi aiva kusagadzikana, saka nokufamba kwenguva hwakatanga kuoneka zvoga hurongwa kuti anogona kupindura nokukurumidza kuti zvinoshandisa pakurima uye zvabuda.

Entry-chechetere zvirongwa mitauro

Concept uye anodawo mashandiro wegadziriro zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina chinenge nezivo mapurogiramu mitauro.

Noumwe nguva imwe nyore kunzwisisa uye kunyora zvirongwa vaiona mutauro Basic. It akadzidzisa kunyange chesekondari. Kushandisa kuti kunyora zvirongwa, zvaibvira kusika Graphics, kutamba mumhanzi (kunyange chete vachishandisa maitiro emuchina) uye zvichingodaro. D. About chero tine nhasi, kunyange kutaura vaisagona kuva. Pfungwa uye chinangwa uchishandisa hurongwa akauya zvikuru paya.

Chokwadi ndechokuti kunyange chinyakare zvirongwa mitauro vasisiri kukunda avakapiwa ıO functionality. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi aifanira akaswedera zvikuru chakakomba.

kushandurwa

Sezvaunoziva, nyore mutauro zvirongwa zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinogona kushanda munhu, handina kupa zvose kuti tine panguva. Nokufamba kwenguva, takatanga kuoneka zvikuru kunzwisisa mutauro packs it, izvo, sezvinei, vachiri kushandiswa (chete Assembler kana Delphi).

Kunyange zvazvo Assembler zvino kushanda hurongwa zvisina kunyorwa, kunyange mafomu zhinji vanogona kushandisa mutauro uyu. Asi pano kuumba kwakakwana uchishandisa hurongwa (kana, sezvo zvino vanoti, Os), mitauro akadaro usingakwani muchikwata pakutanga. Ndokusaka dzinokosha Dzidziso anodawo hurongwa kunge wachinja pamusoro nguva.

Zvakava pachena kuti chaizvo uchishandisa hurongwa inofanira kuva mhando Mubatanidzi pakati kombiyuta "simbi" zvinoriumba, mafomu uye vanoshandisa. Saka akazviratidza kokutanga kudzorwa chirongwa, rinogona kunzi wokutanga uchishandisa hurongwa. Chokwadi, vakanga kwazvo kure nhasi.

Kushandiswa okutanga enyika dziri runhare exchanges

The boka rokutanga kutanga kushandisa inokosha Dzidziso anodawo mugadziriro, aiva American runhare kambani AT & T.

Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti nguva mainjiniya vakaedza zvigadzirwa kuti michina kukurukurirana foni pakati subscribers. Kana munhu anoyeuka, kusvikira kufirimu mumakore iwayo kunogona kuonekwa dzaishandisa kuti batanidza subscribers nokushandisa plugs chaiwo kuti akaiswa musero zvakananga chaienzanirana kuwanda kuuya uye ichibviswa kudanwa.

Pfungwa anodawo mugadziriro, muchiitiko ichi kunogona kuderedzwa chete kuti zvakazara zvoga muitiro kubatana kwakaita subscribers pasina kutora chikamu dzaishandisa. Munyika muzvigadzirwa kombiyuta zvinonzi vaidavira kuti chirongwa rinoshandisirwa ne AT & T, vava pakati kumumvuri yazvino Unix anotsanangura hurongwa imwe mhando (iyo, sezvinei, inoshanda zvakawanda kufarira Linux).

Windows: How It Started

Chii nhasi uchishandisa hurongwa? Pfungwa, dzinokosha mabasa - izvi zvose hazvingadziviswi pasina kunzwisisa chii chimurenga ari kombiyuta nyika mhando, Microsoft akaita mumunhu mutungamiri waro, ipapo Bill Gates. Ndiye wokutanga zvekuti munhu Integrated yokutaura kunzwisisa kubatana pakati kadambari nezvaanogona makombiyuta uye mutengi uyo unorinda migumisiro yezviito zvavo pamusoro Monitor.

Saka Dos maitiro akasikwa. It rakashanda, asi chete pachishandiswa mitemo vakapinda manually, asi "munhu wekare" Norton akaedza kuita chinhu yakabatanidzwa kuti wose svikiro zvinogona kudzorwa yakakwana.

Zvino pfungwa yacho uchishandisa maitiro (Os) hakusi pasina ruzivo zvakadaro nedzimwe chigadzirwa akafanana Norton Wehondo, nekuti mafomu zhinji dzakadai faira mamaneja zvakasikwa nawo nomufananidzo "kwasekuru Norton kuti."

Hongu kunyange anozivikanwa mafomu zvakadai akadai Windows Wehondo kana Total Wehondo, izvo inowanikwa kunge zvakafanana ukomba maviri yaainge Norton, pavanoparidza mashandiro kiyi, izvo zvinogona yaizogadzwa zvakananga, kana kuita zvimwe zviito kana achingomutambudza panguva imwe chete Shift kana Ctrl .

Chinhu vaifarira zvirongwa

Nokufamba kwenguva, pfungwa kushanda hurongwa zvachinja zvakare. Kushandisa mirayiro nyore uye dzakaonda inowanikwa kwakatungamirira kuti Microsoft kwakasimbiswa imwe pfungwa zvachose itsva kuti kutaurirana pakati makombiyuta uye vanoshandisa.

Chete Bill Geyts akapa anoishandisa ane graphical inowanikwa, shure izvo akaviga vakauraya ezvinhu Software kana nemamwe maitiro. Panyaya iyi, iyo Windows kushanda hurongwa, pfungwa dziri zvikuru kunzwisisa panyaya mapurogiramu mutauro (C + / C ++), aigona kushanda zvinobudirira yose "Hardware" zvinoumba makombiyuta, kuisira zvakakodzera uye zvakarurama dzavo nokushanda kwenhengo chaiye firmware, nhasi kunzi vatyairi. Nokudaro zvakakwanisika kubatanidza zvachose chero mudziyo (kunyange peripheral).

The nyore muenzaniso zvingava zvakafanana vaidhinda, mavhidhiyo makadhi, bvisika venhau , uye zvichingodaro. D.

Asi haana nguva dzose. Ndokusaka Software Developers ndakasika munhu "zambuko" chinokosha anowana DirectX zita. Vagadziri midziyo mutsva akatanga kubudisa midziyo uchishandisa Plug & Play mureza (chivhariso uye kutamba). Zvino zvakanga zvakakwana chete hwokugadza zano mutyairi, saka kuti zvinoshanda zvakanaka munyika.

Kutanga Windows'98, vatyairi vari rakajairika uye dzakakurumbira mano dzakaisirwa mu installation pasuru pacharo kushanda hurongwa. Hazvishamisi kuti ikozvino, kunyange Mobile midziyo havadikanwi kuisa vatyairi manually.

Pfungwa multi-tasking uchishandisa hurongwa

vanozvishandisa Vakawanda makombiyuta zvishoma havanzwisisi, chii chiri kwakabatana multi-tasking hurongwa. Mumashoko nyore zvinogona kutsanangurwa chokupika pezvakaitwa akawanda panguva imwe chete kana mukana kuita siyana zvokuita, izvo zvatinoudzwa zvombo. Saka, zvikuru "Operating System" anova chishandiswa chine simba kuita zviito siyana, vanomhanya zvirongwa yechitatu-nebato kuti akaurayiwa muna default haisi inopiwa, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Operating hurongwa: pfungwa, kupatsanura

Kana ano anodawo enyika, asi nhasi vakawanda ikoko. Direct mukwikwidzi dzesangano Microsoft - Apple ndiye kambani kuti manufactures makombiyuta uye Mobile namano. Kusiyana Windows ndiye Mac Os X kushanda hurongwa, iyo (oddly zvakakwana) wakasikwa nomufananidzo waJehovha "mahwindo".

The chete chinhu kucherechedza ndechokuti kufambidzana uku ndiko akachengeteka uchishandisa hurongwa munyika. Nokuti haasi chinhu kuti nemavhairasi zvakasikwa, vari mu ezvinhu ichi havambokwanisi kushanda.

Operating enyika nokuti Mobile mano

Mobile michina vagadziri tiri haana kusiya shure. Pfungwa uye kushanda uchishandisa maitiro semaonero iyi maonero anofanira kuvaka vachingoshandisa chii akaisawo Os yokuvaka anenge paakapiwa pachake. Zviri pachena kuti imwe smartphone kana piritsi haangatenderi kundosangana kwagara chidzitiro pamwe chete bhatani "Start" sapamazuva Windows (kunyange pashure "nomwe", uye yakasiyiwa).

Asi pfungwa yacho uchishandisa gadziriro iri kungogumira kushandisa Widgets kana mifananidzo, nekudzvanya pairi unogona kudana mumwe chikumbiro, kushanda kana chirongwa.

Rakajairika panyaya iyi vanogona kunzi "OSes» Android mhando, iOS, Windows Mobile, Blackberry nevamwe. Sezvaunogona kuona, kunyange nemakurukota enyika kadambari nyika vakasiya pfungwa yokuti pfungwa yacho uchishandisa hurongwa, iyo kupatsanura pakati mhando executable (kana iripo kuurayiwa) mafomu, uye zvichingodaro. D. yakadaro

Kazhinji, mava kunyange kushanda gadziriro inokwanisa kuderedza mamwe "OSes". Havazivi zvinoda kugadzwa pachigaro hard drive anogona kushanda kubva chero bvisika nevezvenhau. Pfungwa anodawo mugadziriro, muchiitiko ichi hazvibviri kuti famba asina kutaurwa software iyi nemamwe zvigadzirwa sezvo BeOS. Kune vakawanda zviri isingazivikanwi, Zvisinei, nokuda kudhanilodha munhu "OSes" ane Disc kana USB nemotokari, unogona kugadzirisa zvakawanda zvinetso zvakafanana Windows. Kana kumhanya, izvozvo chete bypasses kuti Windows vene zvekutepfenyura (pamwe proviso kuti runoenzanirana mhando hwakaratidza mu vachizvitakudza Bios).