The causative nomumiririri nechigwadara. Chirwere pamusoro hwechigwadara, zviratidzo, kurapwa

Chigwadara - ane zvirwere zvinotapukira. It ane mukuru mukana rufu. chigwadara - Bacillus anthracis. Pangozi ndivo vanhu vanoshanda mumapurazi, sezvo chirwere kunoitika kuburikidza kuonana nemhuka. The nechigwadara chirwere, mufananidzo migumisiro rinokwanisa unozvidzinga munhu, ndizvo ngozi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka: zviri zvikuru mune mhuka nyika, chirwere utachiona hwakakura spores muvhu kwenguva refu kuchengeta mombe kuvigwa, chirwere anomhanya zvakaoma uye anopa matambudziko.

tsananguro

Utachiona hwechigwadara chikuru wakaiswa. Paaiva womunhu kana mhuka muviri, anoumba rimwe Kamudzira mu kwezvakatipoteredza - nenharo.

Spores of causative mumiririri hunogona kuchengetedzwa kwemakore anenge 10 muvhu, uye mombe kumakuva - kusvikira kashanu kwenguva. Havasi kutya kutonhora nokupisa, vanogona kurarama mu mhinduro mishonga uye kuiisa chlorine dhibi, uye achibika kuti kumira kwemaminitsi 7.

Munhu wose ajaira zviitiko apo nechigwadara rave kushandiswa nemagandanga uye vakapararira muhamvuropu.

The vegetative chimiro kwemabhakitiriya anofa nokukurumidza pashure disinfection uye Kubika. Utachiona hwechigwadara anokwanisa kuenda mune imwe akarara chimiro, uye kuva vanoshingaira pasi ezvinhu zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza.

nyaya

Kubvira kare, chigwadara akarova vanhu. More Homer uye Hippocrates nezvayo se "pakona chitsvene". KuMiddle Ages chirwere ichi anoti upenyu hwevanhu vazhinji uye nemhuka munyika dzakasiyana. nguva yokutanga chirwere rave inorondedzerwa XVII remakore. musayendisiti Russian S. Andrew yakaratidza kuti nechigwadara kwemhuka nevanhu - tiri mumwe chete chirwere kuti kunoitika kuburikidza nokuzvidzora hweHIV. Iyewo kutorwa chipo zita iri chirwere.

Pakupera ari XIX remakore Lui Paster akakwanisa kusika mushonga wokutanga. Akatanga mhuka attenuated tisawirirane pamusoro nechigwadara utachiona, izvo zvakazoita kuti kukura kutapata. Pasteur akakwanisa kudiwa kuti kubaya kudzivirira chirwere.

WHO inoshuma zviuru 20 zviitiko nechigwadara rimwe gore. ongororo dziri kuitwa kuvandudza yokudzivirira uye achawedzera kuita kwayo. Muna 2010, masayendisiti US vakakwanisa yokusuma majini ose nechigwadara iri fodya genome. Somugumisiro nezviito aya miti vakatanga kubudiswa antigen kuti raishandiswa kusikwa mushonga idzva raishanda hapana marwadzo.

epidemiological muitiro

Human nechigwadara iri kuburikidza zvipfuwo. Kwete nyore kuti chirwere yehuku, asi kutakura spores pamusoro minhenga, nenzara uye beaks.

Chigwadara bacillus murwere ari faeces mhuka, ropa, mvura secreted kubva mhino uye muromo. In ivhu uye mvura exciter adjudged ne weti uye mutsvina yadzo.

Ivhu iri nzvimbo nyaya murwere anova utachiona mombe uye dzomusango, akatakura kure kwechitunha, anogona kuparadzira chirwere kuti makiromita akawanda.

Kusvibiswa kubva mumwe munhu kune mumwe hazvirevi, saka, padanho zvirwere muvanhu kunobva denda iri mhuka.

Chirwere chinogona kuitwa kuburikidza muvhu, uchikurukura utachiona zvigadzirwa mhuka, ari Implementation mhuka dzinochengetwa, pamukova mitumbi yavo kuburikidza ganda kukuvara, zvokudya uye inhaled mhepo.

Munyika African apo nechigwadara kwemhuka kunonyanya kwakapararira, hutachiwana ayo vanhu vanogona kuitika kuburikidza kuruma ropa-yakayamwa nezvipembenene.

Ndiani pangozi

Kune mapoka akawanda evanhu, vari kunyanya kutarisana mukana wokutapukirwa:

• Veterinary vashandi uchikurukura mhuka;
• Vagadziri, vanowatengesa, uye vatengi mishonga akaita rwokuzvarwa makushe nemvere, yabva munzvimbo hosha kwakapararira;
• vavhimi;
• vechiuto uye dzimwe Mapato vemunyika vari munzvimbo denda;
• vanhu vanoshanda mumarabhoritari, zvakananga nevanhu causative nomumiririri nechigwadara.

Kupararira

No nyika utachiona haina kuparadzwa zvachose. It anowanzodanwa kuwanikwa Africa uye South America uyewo Asian nyika. MuEurope, denda rinowanika nguva kumaodzanyemba chikamu, muGungwa Dema uye kumiganhu Mediterranean. Vatungamiri pamusoro nhamba varwere nechigwadara vari Turkey, Iran uye Iraq.

MuRussia, kazhinji hosha rinowanikwa muna North Caucasus nharaunda. Chikuru Chikonzero chiitiko chacho munyika yedu kunokunda mhuka utachiona pasina nyevero iyi wemhuka basa uye pasina anodiwa decontamination zviyero.

Kunyanya kupararira chirwere:

• munyika dzichiri kusimukira utachiona kunoitika pashure kuonana mhuka, kuvatarisira, vachiurayira;
• munyika dzakasimukira chirwere dzinowanzotsigi- chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza mhuka zvokudya.

kupatsanura zvirwere

Pane zvinotevera siyana chigwadara:

• ganda;
• E .;
• pulmonary.

Cutaneous kunoitika kakawanda (anenge 95% nyaya). Zvinogona kuva karbunkuloznoy (Inonyanya), bullosa, endematoznoy uye erizipeloidnoy.

Pulmonary uye intestinal nezvimiro kazhinji ikashandiswa pasi zita rimwe - generalized kana septic maronda. Zvishoma rinowanzoberekera intestinal chimiro chirwere (asingasviki 1%).

Zviratidzo zviri chirwere

The Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa Nguva chirwere hunogara kubva akawanda maawa kuti vhiki. Sezvo ingress kuti mutumwa kuti munhu kutangira zvingaratidza kutora uwandu nguva dzakasiyana (zvichienderana nenzira chirwere). Mukuita mhepo uye zvokudya chirwere chirwere kukura kunoitika mheni, uye rufu anogona kuitika mumazuva mashomanana.

Zvisinei nechigwadara mashandiro ayo pakukura ndiyo chete: kuti toxin zvinoparadza midziyo, anoputsa permeability zvavo, zvichikonzera kuzvimba, kuzvimba uye kurasikirwa manyawi.

The inonyanya karbunkuloznaya nechigwadara (Photo causative mumiririri inopiwa pazasi).

Kutanga chirwere kunoratidzwa chitarisiko paganda pa nzvimbo chirwere matsvuku makwapa kupinda, pashure akatendeuka kuva papule uye ipapo - ari vesicle rima ruvara. Lopnuv, kuti vesicle iri rinochinjwa kuva urikanwi pamwe akamutsa micheto pakavakirwa vesicles itsva kuonekwe. Kwapera nguva hosha matema eschar aumbwa, rakafanana chinopiswa ganda. Utetsa anofukidza kumativi pakafunuka nokupera. Rokunze zvakafanana nematauriro marasha zvakakonzera chidzoke zita yekare Russian pamusoro nechigwadara - Ugljevik.

Around njodzi ganda anooneka edema. Zviri ngozi apo nekabhunakeri kumeso uye kungaita kuti mumatenhere Airways uye rufu.

The chirwere achabatsirwa nefivha, pari, nomusoro. Pashure pemavhiki mashomanana mumwe urikanwi kuporeswa uye vanga rinooneka.

Ichazivikanwa Endematoznaya nechigwadara edema, bacteremia rinowanika pana yakazotevera pavaipfuura chirwere uye wakakura pakukura.

Kana bullosa siyana chirwere panguva nzvimbo pavanopinda chirwere kuonekwa matema kuti mushure kuvhuya chitunha yakava nemaronda.

Pulmonary chimiro chirwere unowanzonzi chirwere dzemakwai sorters. Chigwadara utachiona kubva mhepo mumapapu, uye ipapo - ari node nodes, izvo kuva zvomoto. Pakutanga, murwere ane fivha, muchipfuva marwadzo, uye utera. Pashure pemazuva mashoma, mumwe kupfupika mweya uye kuderedzwa wokufema muropa. Kamwe mumapapu, chigwadara iri kupararira nekukurumidza kuburikidza muviri womunhu. Kazhinji hapana vangakosora ropa, maekisirei anogona kuratidza kuvapo nemabayo, murwere tembiricha muviri kazhinji achisimuka 41 inegumi. Pane pulmonary edema uye mwoyo kukundikana, somugumisiro, pangava uropi ropa.

Tapinda nayo utachiona mumuviri womunhu nezvokudya uye zvokunwa yakatanga intestinal muchimiro nechigwadara. The danho rokutanga chirwere kunotora anenge 2 kwemazuva uye kunoteverwa kwazvo huro, fivhiri, fivhiri. Zvadaro, Zviratidzo izvi zviri kuwedzera kurutsa ropa, zvikuru abdominal marwadzo, manyoka. Pane mwoyo kukundikana, chiso anova rwehute kana rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara, papules akaumba paganda. Kana intestinal nechigwadara angangodaro rufu murwere.

Kana septic chimiro chirwere riri nokukurumidza, pane kudhaka, zvemukati kubuda ropa. Mhedzisiro chirwere kwakadaro kunogona kuva muchetura kuvhunduka.

Diagnostics

Laboratory chirwere pamusoro nechigwadara dzinosanganisira:

• serological miedzo ;
• bacteriological tsvakurudzo;
• Skin uye chisimbwa nemiedzo.

Kana cutaneous chimiro chirwere chiremba akaita chirwere inobva murwere ganda kuchinja. Kana paine fungidziro pamusoro pulmonary chimiro, ita chipfuva maekisirei uye Scans, vachitora swabs kubva mhino uye sputum ivhu.

Infectious yomuchipatara rinogonawo tsunga neropa zvakabudiswa nokuda kwemabhakitiriya tsika kuongorora mimwe abdominal fluid lumbar ponji, tikaongorora ganda scrapings.

zvinogoneka yematambudziko

Chigwadara anogona kuzvimba uropi, mapapu, gastrointestinal ropa, yomumuzongoza. In generalized siyana chirwere kazhinji anovandudza muchetura kuvhunduka.

mabatiro

Varwere vanofanira kuva chirwere dhipatimendi chirwere, kana chakakomba nzira hosha - iri yevanenge. Hapana nyaya haagoni kuzarurwa nekabhunakeri, saka kupfeka kunofanira kuitwa nokungwarira zvikuru. In generalized chimiro chirwere murwere inofanira kuva pasi chenguva review, panguva kudzivisa muchetura kuvhunduka.

The causative nomumiririri nechigwadara rakaparadzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Shandisa navo kwamazuva 7-14 zvichienderana kwokuomerwa chirwere. Panguva imwe chete mushonga kurapwa raitongwa murwere protivosibiroyazvenny immunoglobulin. The zvakavhiringidza ganda riri kubatwa antiseptics. Kumba, kurapa nechigwadara hazvibviri.

mataridzikiro

Wabvisa varwere cutaneous chimiro chirwere kunoitika pashure scarring pakati njodzi ganda ane generalized chimiro anofanira kuva kunaya yakazara uye miviri kunaka bacteriological bvunzo.

Most kunotungamirira kurufu pulmonary uye intestinal chimiro chirwere. Kana cutaneous nechigwadara zvakakwana kupora rikaitika chiitiko yaipa yakakodzera kurapwa.

Vanhu neVadzidzi causative mutumwa hwechigwadara, mukati memazuva 60 kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Kudzivirira: muchidimbu

Yakabudiswa wemhuka uye utano kudzivirira nechigwadara.

Veterinary Services vanosungirwa kuziva mhuka utachiona zvichiteverwa kurapwa kana nokuuraya. Rawa mombe disinfected uye kuparadzwa, apo mune nokutambudzika chirwere disinfection.

Vanachiremba vanofanira:

• akuteerere zvaidiwa wemauto utsanana dzemunharaunda;
• nenguva chirwere uye kurapwa zvirwere;
• rokuongorora uye disinfect wechoto chirwere;
• kubaya.

Pane sibiroyazvennaya mushonga kuti yakavimbika kudzivirira mhuka kubva chirwere. The mapurazi kubaya rinoitwa pasina chaakasiya asi kwete vanhu vose vane mombe ari pachake, kunzwisisa kudiwa nzira iyi.

The chikuru zviyero kudzivirira nechigwadara

• Annual kubaya mombe kuzorwa nechigwadara;
• kujekeswa mitemo wemhuka mabasa rokuurawa mhuka kuti vakafa nechigwadara;
• kudzivirirwa yakavimbika kuvigwa nhandare uye nzvimbo denda;
• kuramba kutenga chikafu izvo asina rusarura wemhuka mabasa, uyewo nematehwe uye mbava namaoko;
• kupisa mhuka vakafa nechirwere hwechigwadara, akapisa chenyika paakanga akarara mhuka vanorwara, disinfection kuti musha chibis;
• nemisoro kupatsanura varwere kune nzvimbo mombe chirwere akawana nechigwadara;
• vaccinating vanhu vane unyanzvi basa iri chokuita pangozi makaita chirwere akadai nechigwadara (the mushonga ndeyegore rimwe);
• kuitisa utano zvokuongorora bhizimisi processing mhuka mbishi zvinhu;
• kutapuriranwa yomuchipatara uve zvokudya, saka hanya zvinofanira kuva mitemo kuti kubudiswa uye kubika nyama nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka.