Temberi yekare yeIjipiti. Dzinoyevedza Egypt: temberi, dzimba, nhare

Egypt - mumwe idzi, pane kushanya iyo unokubvumira kuzvionera runako zvenyika yekare, akachengetwa mune kwazvo chimedu mapurani.

Ancient Egypt - kutanga yebudiriro ano

Nderake wokutanga hurumende kuti yakabuda munyika iri kure kare (kwaiva vashoma - avo, mafambiro ayo achiripo kusvikira zera rino). Ivo akaonekwa mundima East yekare ikoko aivapo kuonga zvakanaka mararamiro (okunze, kuvapo miviri mvura) pakutanga pakati III chemakore. BC. e. Izvi zvinosanganisira Mesopotamia, Egypt, India uye China.

Ancient Egypt (kumboongorora nhoroondo nyika ino) yaiva muRwizi rwaNire Valley. Chete pamusoro wayo mhenderekedzo murenje oases oupenyu zvaiita. Mamwe munharaunda kare wehurumende irenje. Iye wakaonekwa ari pangozi zvikuru vaEgipita - mberi jecha, wakange kurwisa gore rose uye ndiwane yakanakira yokurima, vachiyanikira mhepo, vaibvisa nyika muna April uye May ... Asi panguva imwe chete akatakura mugwenga uye kubatsira: nayo vakabatsira kuti paumbwe mumupata yorwizi nyoro uye okunze vakabudirira zvokurima, uye ane dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi pakurwisa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Pano, pamahombekombe aNairi, akafukidzwa nevhu dema yakaorera, uye pakanga ibudirire zvikuru muIjipiti, mabasa ounyanzvi uye kwazvo mapurani ezvirevo iyo vanhu ano vanogona kunakidzwa nhasi yakanaka.

Vatongi Great - musimboti wavanamwari panyika

Ivo - vasanangurwa wavanamwari, vanozoshanda pakati pedenga nenyika, isingachinji muzinda wenyika. Nhoroondo muIjipiti yekare ane anopfuura zviuru zvina zvemakore, uye zvose izvi emakore refu yaiva chete sangano - hurumende umo nguva zvaiita sokuti chando.

Farao ukoshi kwakunoitwa chokwadi kuti pamwe kuuya nesimba mambo akatanga kwenguva itsva uye Countdown itsva kuti nyika. Mutongi, yepasi pachake mwari Horus (Horus), akanga shanje atarisire huru pfuma agamuchidzwa kwaari vamwari - Egypt. Iye kunyatsodzurwa mhirizhonga uye zvakaipa, mururamisire, hurongwa uye kuwirirana.

Chimwe chikuru mabasa Farao akanga kuvakwa dzimba vanamwari zvikuru. temberi Ancient Egypt kuvakwa vazhinji, vakarumbidza Osiris, Isis, Ra uye vamwe vamwari. Farao pachake waiva mupristi mukuru, uyo yaiitisa zvechitendero mitambo uye mitambo. Zvaidavirwa kuti vanamwari anogona chete kuzvinzwa. Naizvozvo, temberi yekare vaiva zvikuru muupenyu vaEgipita.

unyanzvi

Time akachengetedza chete chidimbu chiduku mabasa art vaIjipiti vekare kwatiri. A kuwanda anokosha zvinhu makavigwa pamwe vanaFarao vari mapiramidhi, asi nhasi akawana makuva madzimambo dzichapambwa zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. kuwanikwa chete neguva Tutankhamun akapa nyika pfungwa yacho umhizha mukuru yekare vemifananidzo, vaumbi uye jewelers.

Ipapo ipapo, chii vasingagoni kunyange kushandisa nguva. Izvi vekare netemberi veIjipiti uye mapiramidhi. Chokwadi, rapfuura mireniyumu kwakakanganisa zvikuru vakachengeteka zvavo uye vamwe mapurani hurongwa kunge akanyangarika. Asiwo achengetedze netemberi ekare inogona tikanzwisisa upenyu vaIjipiti uye chitendero chavo. Nokuti kuti masvingo zvivako akafukidzwa Pamifananidzo pamwe mifananidzo dzokuyeuka vanaFarao, uye zvinyorwa ichirondedzera mabasa avo, isu zvino kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro iyoyo.

akitekicha

Rakaisvonaka netemberi dzekare weIjipiti uye wokuratidza mapiramidhi - huru yomufananidzo rokupedzisira mapurani vavaki. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhoroondo akatanga iyi nyika mapurani. Nokuda kwokushayiwa dondo zvokuvakisa pano vari reraimu, sandstone, girenayiti uye zvidhinha mbishi. Stone akaenda pakuvaka mapiramidhi netemberi nezvidhina akavaka nhare uye nhare.

Zvinoitwa Egyptian mapurani iri kuti masonry zvinoitwa pasina kushandisa coupling mhinduro. Inside uye kunze kwemasvingo mutemberi uye mbiru vakanga akashongedzwa Pamifananidzo, nhamba uye zvinyorwa. Vose vakanga yokufananidzira.

Ona basa ezvivako yekare zvinogona pachedu kana mufananidzo Egipita. Temberi mapiramidhi, kunyange zvifananidzo vari zvinoorora monumentality yavo, nekuomarara mitsetse uye hombe norunyararo.

Sezvo yekare mapurani hurongwa chakavakwa

Pyramids - mumwe zvakavanzika nhoroondo kuti murume ano achiri haagoni kusarudza. Chaizvoizvo, zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita navo - imwe huru dambanemazwi. Masayendisiti hadzisi chokwadi chokuti mapiramidhi dzakavakwa somunhu kwevafi zvivako Farao. Sei vakanga vavaka, vakapiwa kushaya chipi ano kubudiswa uye chokuendesa hombe ibwe kutigumbura - mumwe Chakavanzika mapiramidhi.

On kuvakwa temberi anozivikanwa zvikuru. Paiva mhando nhatu: matombo, poluskalnyh uye pasi. Last akavaka rimwe mhando. Vaiva rectangles akapoteredzwa namasvingo marefu. Kubva murwizi kutemberi kazhinji akatungamira nzira, kuti pamativi ose akashongedzwa mifananidzo sphinxes. Facilities havana vanoumba rakapedzwa sezvamunoita, vakanga vavaka panheyo formoslozheniya - Zvivako akabatanidzwa kusvikira mumwe.

Rock matemberi akanga yokunze France, zvose vamwe dzimba vakabayiwa padombo. Poluskalnyh zvivako yapera kuvakwa pamusoro pemvura, uye zvishoma - namatombo.

Fanira chaikosha temberi vaiva mbiru. In meruvanze Karnak yetemberi 134. Vari kazhinji wairatidza tsapo pakati petsanga.

Temberi yekare weIjipiti haana mahwindo. Vakanga kuchizvivanza apertures diki pazasi padenga.

Fanira akanga lining masvingo temberi kana unhani pamwe pendi murals.

Great hadzi Farao uye yake tsvene

Mumwe zvivako yeIjipiti akanaka kwazvo - Hatshepsut Temple - yakavakwa kuti mutongi mukuru, akatungamirira nyika munguva Umambo New.

Munhoroondo iyi yekare mamiriro akanga nyaya mashoma, kana simba yakapfuura mumaoko vakadzi, uye zvinoitika munyika nguva yedambudziko. Hatshepsut, purebred mambokadzi, mwanasikana Thutmose I, aiva mupristi waMwari yaAmun, izvo kazhinji rakamubatsira kukurira itsvo yeIjipiti. Iye akazova mudzimai womunun'una wake, Thutmose II, uye pashure murume afa kubva chirwere kutungamirira nyika.

Mambokadzi Farao aizivikanwa muvaki. Panguva yake yokutonga (Makore 22) yakavakwa temberi dzakawanda, shongwe, temberi, akavakazve vakaparadza vakapinda nechisimba, kuti Hyksos sezvivako.

Kwevafi temberi Hatshepsut iri kumavirira Thebes, uye rinoreva poluskalnyh mhando. Kare rainzi "Jeseru Jeseru" - "mutsvene tsvene," uye akaitumidza rokukudza Queen Hatshepsut, vakatanga zvikuru gare gare.

The muvaki izvi zvikuru mapurani zvakaoma aiva mapurani senenmut uyo vakazoroorwa guru hadzi Farao akapa dzidzo mwanasikana wake Nefrura. Temberi yakavakwa rekodhi nguva - 9 makore. Akaveza mumatombo, uye zvinoita sokuti dzavo dzinongoitika chiwedzerwa. Inoitwa tenuka matatu hombe, idzo dziri mumwe kupfuura vamwe. Mumwe ane pachivanze uye tsvene. Munguva dzekare, mugwagwa wokutanga chinjiri yakanga yabuda pamwe muti nemura, uchikumbira importations yeEgipita. Maererano netsika, nomugwagwa yakashongedzwa uye zvakajeka mavara sphinxes.

Pristine runako temberi Hatshepsut vakarasika. Akatambudzwa nguva nenguva uye kwenyika. Asi ikozvino, zvikuru Monument yekare zvinoshamisa zvakaoma mitsara uye ukuru.

The runako wekare Luxor

Kwete chete monumentality uye ukuru nomukurumbira mapiramidhi rungatora Egipita. temberi Karnak yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari Amoni-Ra, ndicho chikamu chikuru mapurani zvakaoma munyika.

It riri kurudyi pamahombekombe aNairi ari muduku musha Carnac, makiromita matatu kubva imwe temberi akakurumbira - Luxor. With maari rinobatanidza refu avhenyu, yakashongedzwa mifananidzo sphinxes. Kare rakatumidzwa Ipet-Isut. It akavaka guru temberi makore anopfuura chiuru.

Sanctuary yakavakwa nokukudzwa mwari Amoni-Ra, asi rinewo zvimwe temberi vanamwari veIjipiti - Khonsu, Ptah, Montu, Mut. Heano chapero, vakawanda shongwe, mifananidzo vanafarao uye dzvene mudhamu.

Center Temberi Karnak, uye kuzvikudza kwake - Large column horo. It yakavakwa paitonga vanaFarao Seti I uye dzaRamses II. Kune 134 mbiru, akarongwa 16 pemitsara. The makuru vane nekukwirira 8-storey chivakwa.

Kukura temberi iri rakakura. It dzimba machechi anopfuura 30. Most yacho yapera kuvafambi nokuti hazvina kumisa matongo zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo kudzorerwa zvivako yekare. Pari, chaizvoizvo chidimbu chimwe recreates ari Avenue of Sphinxes.

Nzvimbo tsvene nyika yechiKristu munyika vanaFarao

A nyika muzvitendero zvakawanda - saka unogona maitiro Egipita nechivimbo. Catherine Temple - mumwe airemekedzwa tutemberi dzechiKristudhomu - iri munharaunda yayo. The chivako chakavapo kwemakore 1600. Temberi rakaumbwa muna IV remakore uye vasimbiswa nokunatsiridzwa sezvakarayirwa Byzantine Emperor Justinian I muna VI remakore.

Temberi St. Catherine muIjipiti, akavaka mujinga meGomo reSinai, apo maererano nezvaitaurwa chebhaibheri, Mosesi akagamuchira kubva Mwari akazviratidza kwaari romoto mugwenzi raipfuta, Mitemo Gumi. Zvinonzi mazita Christian enlightener Catherine, uyo akararama III remakore, vakatambudzwa uye musoro nokuramba kusiya kutenda muna Kristu.

Catherine Temple - iri taundi duku, kusanganisira yemamongi, temberi uye mazana nezvimwe zvivako.

Abu Simbel

MuIjipiti, unogona kuona temberi dzakawanda kwazvo. Mumwe wavo Zvinofadza nokuti akavezwa mudombo uye chete France iri kunze. More chaizvo, vaviri tsvene vakaroorana: Farao dzaRamses II uye Queen Nefertari. Mumwe wavo chinangwa - chidzore kumaodzanyemba muganhu ehurumende. Sanctuary ndiyo inozivikanwa kwayo hofori yakanyungudutswa, unoratidza Farao uye wake.

mhedziso

Mumatemberi yekare muIjipita zvaikoshawo chikamu muupenyu nyika huru dzechitendero. Nhasi, kukosha kwavo iri nhaka nemagariro ravakanga kumiririra. Architectural Zvivako kunoita murume ano kuti kubata vekare uye muzive zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo muIjipiti yekare.