Utano, Mushonga
Table majekiseni kusvikira rimwe gore vana. Karenda kubaya vana pasi gore rimwe
vabereki Modern akakamurwa mhando nhatu: wokutanga vachifarira kubaya vana, vamwe pamusoro, uye vamwe vari kufunga. Usati yakabatana pakati pemapoka, zvinokosha kunzwisisa pfungwa "kubaya" uye jairana akurukurwa. Tichatarisa dzose huru majekiseni kusvikira rimwe gore (chinozadzisa fanira uye zviri optional), uyewo Kutarira pamazita yokudzivirira kunze pashure kusvika zera gore rimwe.
Nhoroondo kubaya
nhoroondo yokutanga kubaya musi kudzokera rechi8 remakore. Nepo Nyanzvi Ayurveda akazoziva kuti kubaya pamusoro chibhokisi asingambovi yayo zvikuru chimiro. Asi nokuda kwokushayiwa zivo pamusoro mhando hosha, mugumisiro kubaya Kazhinji zvinouraya.
Kwemazana emakore, masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana akataura nyaya muzvidzivirire zvirwere achishandisa kubaya, nditongerei tsvakurudzo, nyora ongororo mapepa. Asi chete mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 Lui Paster (Immunology French) aigona kuuya pedyo zvakakwana kuti maitiro pokumuka yokudzivirira kuti siyana zvinotapukira.
Kubva muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, yakanga dzakabudirira anopfuura 100 yokudzivirira siyana kuti kudzivirira mana noutachiona izvo zviri kukonzerwa utachiona, utachiona uye majemusi.
Chii kubaya?
Vaccination (kubaya) - iri kunowedzerwa kutapata zvokugadzirwa nevanhu, kuburikidza Kuropafadza munhu pfuma chaiyo kuwedzera kurwisa aro siyana zvinotapukira. Vaccinate kuita mu chokudzivirira uye hunorapa zvinangwa.
yokudzivirira | |||
By hunhu tusingaoneki | Mune nzira mukugadzira | By yezvakaita immunogen | |
kwemabhakitiriya | Rarama attenuated utachiona | Majini engineered yokudzivirira | Ane majini mashoko kuchinja zvigadzirwa majini vari microorganism mapuroteni uye RNA |
Chimeric, Vector mushonga, kana recombinant | Majini kuti anodzora kwetunhu anodzivirira mapuroteni, midzi mune yakachengeteka microorganism | ||
nemavhairasi | vakaurayiwa utachiona | Wose-microbial kana utachiona hwose yokudzivirira | Inoitwa utachiona kana mavhairasi kuti vachengetedze ayo mamiriro panguva gadzira |
rickettsial | Chemical yokudzivirira, toxoids | Products anobudiswa kubva tusingaoneki kana uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. zvinoriumba | |
chakaita zvokugadzirwa yokudzivirira | The immunogen ndiyo makemikari analoginen pamusoro runodzivirira mapuroteni yaunganidzwa zvakananga namakemikari usage | ||
Nzira kubaya
Vaccination vana rinoitwa nenzira dzinotevera:
- Intramuscular jekiseni. The kupfuura vaifarira nzira vachiita mushonga, sezvo iri zvakafamba wefodya nokukurumidza, kutapata anotanga kubudisa mhanyisa, izvozvo zvinoderedza mukana neutachiona.
- The nomumukanwa nzira. Saka mushonga chinotarisirwa nokuda enterovirus zvirwere, izvo muchimiro mumate, pamwe shuga kana CRACKER iri akamedzwa murwere. Zvakaipira nzira iyi kuti hazvigoni kuchengetwa chipimo chemushonga akatendeka.
- Intradermally. Nenzira iyi, yokudzivirira akadaro raitongwa sezvo TB BCG mhenyu tularemia uye chibhokisi.
- Subcutaneous jekiseni. The vaifarira nzira dzakawanda inactivated uye yokudzivirira "kurarama" (rubella, gwirikwiti, mumps, yellow fever, etc.).
- Intranasal. Kunosanganisira pakatanga pamusoro mushonga kuburikidza mhino uye inopa nzira rokurwisa zvirwere pakuwanza droplet nzira.
The inodiwa uye uchida majekiseni
On mundima Russian Federation kubaya chirongwa kusvikira gore rinosanganisira zvaida uye hako majekiseni.
Rokumanikidzirwa kubaya - kubaya pamusoro zvirwere uye zvirwere zvikuru kwazvo siyana. Zvinosanganisirwa mune National uye remunharaunda Karenda chokudzivirira majekiseni. Zvimwe kubaya rinoitwa pasi chikumbiro murwere Somuenzaniso, asati rwendo.
Kokupedzisira national karenda pakati majekiseni vana kusvikira gore rimwe zera uye mukuru aifarirwa Order of Bazi Health uye Social Development pamusoro 31/02/11, pasi nhamba 51H "On Nokubvumira National Karenda chokudzivirira kubaya pamusoro dambudziko zvairatidza." Approved tafura majekiseni kusvika rimwe gore uye vakura anopa okusuma yokudzivirira pamusoro dzinokosha zvakafanana rwarisa nemavhairasi uye kwemabhakitiriya zvirwere zvakadai, zvakadai nehepatitis B, tibhii, poriyo, diphtheria, whooping chikosoro, tetenasi, mumps nevamwe.
Raida kunobaisa vana kusvikira rimwe gore - purogiramu
Pasi mazita majekiseni, izvo hazvo anoita mwana kusvikira rimwe gore.
Vaccination pamusoro | Tanga kusonanidzwa | mazuva revaccination | taura pfungwa | Zita mushonga | |||
1st | 2nd | Third | 4th | ||||
chiropa B | maawa 24 okutanga oupenyu | Mumwedzi 1st | In 2 months | - | Mugore | Children pangozi | Euvaks B Engerix B Eberbiovak, H-B-Vax II, Gepatekt, hepatitis B mushonga, chaiyo yevanhu immunoglobulins |
- | Mumwedzi mitanhatu | - | Vana iri pangozi | ||||
tiibhii | 3-7-zuva upenyu | Mumakore 7 | Mumakore 14 | At 21, | Mumakore 28 | Active dziviriro tiibhii | BCG, BCG-M |
Whooping chikosoro, diphtheria, tetenasi | Muna 3 months, zvichiteverwa 4,5 uye 6 mwedzi | Mumwedzi 18 | Mumakore 6-7 | Mumakore 14 | Ava nemakore 18, | mwedzi Up kusvika 18 anoshandiswa yokudzivirira, kusanganisira whooping chikosoro, sezvo kubva 6 makore - bezkoklyushevye ane kwakaderedza nhamba maantigen (nokuti vana nerimwe zera boka) | DTP, Infanrix; Td, Td, d. Adyult T., Imovaks |
Haemophilus influenzae | Muna 3 months, zvichiteverwa 4,5 uye 6 mwedzi kana Pana 6 Mwedzi, ipapo 7.5 mwedzi kana Kubva 1 kusvika 5 makore | Mumwedzi 18 | - | - | - | Kunze maererano nemirayiridzo chete kuvana vari pangozi | Act-HIB (inactivated PRT-T mushonga) |
poriyo | Muna 3 months, zvichiteverwa 4,5 uye 6 mwedzi | Mumwedzi 18 | Mumwedzi 20 | Mumakore 14 | - | MMR-II, Priorix | |
Purogiramu kubaya kusvika gore anogona haachatauri zvishoma Somuenzaniso, kubaya kuzorwa tibhii vana pakuzvarwa kuremerwa magiramu asingasviki 2,000, kuzoita, sezvo vane mutete chaizvo ganda.
Vaccination pamusoro | kuita | mwedzi | |||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4.5 | 6 | ||
tiibhii | vana vose munguva ino boka | 3-7 zuva | |||||
chiropa B | vana vose munguva ino boka | pref wokutanga, Kuwanikwa | Pe kubaya | apiwa apiwa majekiseni | |||
Children pangozi | apiwa apiwa majekiseni | apiwa apiwa majekiseni | |||||
Pneumo-coccal chirwere | vana vose munguva ino boka | chokutanga kubaya | apiwa kubaya | ||||
whooping chikosoro | vana vose munguva ino boka | chokutanga kubaya | apiwa kubaya | apiwa apiwa majekiseni | |||
diphtheria | |||||||
tetenasi | |||||||
Poriyo-myelitis | vana vose munguva ino boka | Inactivation-virovannaya poriyo poliomyelitis majekiseni | Inactivation-virovannaya poriyo poliomyelitis majekiseni | Oral poriyo poliomyelitis majekiseni | |||
Children pangozi | Off-virovannaya poriyo poliomyelitis majekiseni | ||||||
Hemo-philous chirwere | Children pangozi | chokutanga kubaya | apiwa kubaya | apiwa kubaya | |||
besa | pagore pagore | ||||||
mamwe majekiseni
List chokudzivirira kubaya riri guru zvakakwana, saka pano vanotaurwa rakajairika.
Vaccination pamusoro | boka nengozi | Zita mushonga |
chiropa A | Vana vanopinda kindergartens, zvikoro, mapoka, uye kuenda kune rimwe guta uye nyika | AquaPhone 80, Havrix 720 Waqt 25 |
pneumococcal noutachiona | Vana vemazera ose | Pneumatic 23 |
meningococcal chirwere | Vana vane makore 1 kusvika 5 makore nokuda kutadza muviri kuti vaumbe kudzivirira chirwere | The mushonga pamusoro meningococcal chirwere A, A uye C, yomumuzongoza A + C |
tick nezvipembenene encephalitis | Vana vemazera ose, kazhinji kugara pasi hunhu |
FSME-masoja mudiki Entsepur, IGOs Viry, immunoglobulin FSME-Bulin, immunoglobulin pamusoro gupa nezvipembenene encephalitis |
Chii Vaccinate mwana wako kuita gore haambokundikani
Pashure nzwisisika kubaya panguva 6 mwedzi, mwana majekiseni pana 1 gore. Hunosanganisira kubaya pamusoro rubella, gwirikwiti uye mumps.
Gwirikwiti - nemavhairasi chirwere kuparadzira mumate nzira (panguva kukurukura, kana vangakosora, sneezing, etc ...). Tembiricha inokwira kusvika 39-40 C. anotevera Zviratidzo: kudhaka, mapundu, maronda ari nasal mucosa uye dokeriro (coryza, vangakosora, sneezing, photophobia).
Rubella - utachiwana hweHIV. Vakagovera droplet nzira. Vana vangangowedzera pane vakuru kutamburira chirwere. Zviratidzo zviri: kwete fivha simba, mapundu, kuzvimba node nodes. Kana mwana ari kurwara pamwe rubella mudumbu, pane wakakwirira pangozi nokupfupfudzika kana pakupona kwayo kukura.
Mumps - a hutachiwana hunokonzera chirwere mumps. Paanosvika ari kumuviri nenzira kuenda neherikoputa mumate nzira uye kuburikidza utachiona zvinhu, anotanga kuwanda nokukurumidza mate mumasero. Zviratidzo: fivha, akawedzera mate omumuviri, zvakawanda zvive, kurasikirwa kudya.
Zviri misoro mushonga pagore pasi pamafudzi chipasa. Revaccination kunoitika muna 6 years. Inoculation 1 gore unobereka zvirwere kudzivirira gwirikwiti, mumps uye rubella nemakore 25.
Kusiyana mamiriro majekiseni akabhadhara
Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika zviitiko apo vanachiremba makiriniki kupa vabereki kuita sehurumende vakasununguka majekiseni uye akabhadhara. Panguva iyoyowo zana muzana mvumo kuti akabhadhara mushonga nani, kwete.
Kakawanda vabhadhara kusonanidzwa vana pasi gore rimwe mushonga kuti unotora zvakawanda zvinoti pamusoro zvirwere zvakadai diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, poriyo, yokuSpain mhando B. Free inoculation inozivikanwa pakuti mumwe kana kupfuura vasisina zvinoriumba. Izvi hazvirevi kuti zvichava isashande. Just yaunoti kunobaisa kumusoro, hunopa majekiseni munzira dzakawanda, Somuenzaniso, kubaya pamusoro poriyo zvinoitwa yoga (kwete intramuscularly uye nomuromo).
Uyewo, nokuda yakawanda mushonga pashure kubaya mutero chiripo zvinoenderana mukana wokuti nemishonga, vasina kuva kudaro mureza inoculation. yokudzivirira All akaripa mamiriro vanobatanidzwa ndandanda Recommended marezenisi neWorld Health Organization (WHO).
Contraindications nokuti kubaya
Zvinotevera contraindications kuti kubaya:
- Chokwadi, kureva, avo vari nekusimba nezvidzidzo siyana uye dzakanyorwa mubhuku renhoroondo mirayiro Russian uye dzakawanda.
- Venhema vavengi kubaya.
- Mhedziso - ndivo contraindications yechokwadi iyo kubaya panobviswa chose.
- Zvimiso (hama) - vari contraindications vechokwadi, umo chisarudzo kuitisa kusonanidzwa anotora chiremba kwakavakirwa kunotoda nhoroondo kadhi uye ano dambudziko murwere mamiriro ezvinhu.
- Temporary, kureva, kuvapo murwere panguva kubaya inotevera zviratidzo: fivha, zvisingagamuchirwi migumisiro ropa uye weti nemiedzo, pamusoro kana pasi zvazvingava kurapwa, utera, kuvapo anogumbura kwendangariro.
- Permanent - avo kuti hazvigoni kubviswa kunyange kwapera nguva.
- Private contraindications chokuita imwe mushonga.
More ruzivo pamusoro contraindications angawanikwa nokuongorora tafura pazasi.
mushonga | huripo contraindications |
chero mushonga | Postvaktsionalnoe kuomesa nezuva rokutanga kubaya kana kusachengeteka kukuru pavakanzwa pakatanga |
mhenyu yokudzivirira All | Immunostaining zvakawanda zvive pakutanga kubaya nyanyisa anomera pamuviri |
DTP | The nekukudziridza tsinga zvirwere, febrile nokugwinha |
BCG | Mwana pakuzvarwa haaremi pane 2000 magiramu Keloid vanga, kusanganisira mushure yokutanga nguva |
Against nehepatitis B | Hypersensitivity (sema) kuti mbiriso womubiki |
The yokudzivirira DT, BP-M uye M-Ads | Strong maitiro kana post-kubaya yematambudziko wokutanga kubaya Immunostaining zvakawanda zvive pakutanga kubaya malignancies pamuviri |
Live gwirikwiti mushonga uye mumps, rubella, va- vasanganiswa uye MMR | Zvakakomba hypersensitivity (chisimbwa) kuti aminoglycosides Anaphylactic kwomusikirwo zai mapuroteni (kunze rubella mushonga) |
Kunopiwa mazita contraindications uderedze kusviba. Izvi imhaka kuvandudzika pamusoro yokudzivirira mumakore achangopfuura.
Tips: kare, panguva uye pashure kusonanidzwa
Kuti mushonga akazadzisa chinangwa chacho uye havana kukuvadza, uye mwana haasi kutya nzira iyi munguva yemberi, zvinotevera audzwa:
- unofanira kuita ropa uye weti miedzo;
- vawane maonero chevana wetsinga uye allergist;
- hamufudzi mwana asati kubaya zvokudya zvitsva kwaari;
- kwete kutya mwana majekiseni, kunyange kana ari munhu anofadza chimiro;
- Kuunza kufarira toyi kuti baya mwana uye yakachena mutambo kana pamubhedha pepa;
- usakanganwa kuti kubaya gwaro (kana);
- kukurukura nachiremba wako zvose mibvunzo uye kusava nechokwadi;
- nezuva kubaya pacharo, uyere mwana wacho muviri tembiricha;
- Musaedza kunetseka pachavo uye kwete kuratidza mwoyo wake mwana;
- kana panguva kubaya mwana akatanga kuchema, ngaauye mhere kunze, uye zvino mwana kutora dzakadzama, anononoka mweya.
Mushure kubaya, yeuka zvinotevera:
- kuramba kukiriniki kuti hafu yeawa kudzikamisa mwana wacho nemamiriro;
- kuna DTP kubaya iri kupisa mwaka, ipa mwana antipyretic;
- mu kubaya zuva kudzivisa mvura kurapa uye refu mumamiriro.
Uyewo usakanganwa kuti kuchinja kudya tsika mwana kunogona kuva kwokutanga pane 3 Mazuva pashure kubaya. Marwadzo hadzishandi kuitika pakarepo, vamwe kunyange kuitika pazuva 5th zuva.
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