Symbol mune magetsi matunhu. Zvimiso graphical uye tsamba zviratidzo

Kana ukaita magetsi basa, iva nechokwadi unofanira kuziva zviri muna magetsi matunhu. Kugona kuverenga wiring chati - chinokosha unhu fitters, locksmiths midziyo, Makontakta cheni. Uye kana usina dzidzo chaiyo, chete kunzwisisa zvose nezvehukorokodzwa kashoma kuti vabudirire. Asi tinofanira kuyeuka kuti zviratidzo zviri chati kuti vari yakatanga nokuda vatengi Russian vakasiyana kazhinji yaigamuchirwa zvinodiwa kunze - mu Europe, USA uye Japan.

Nhoroondo kumiririra chati

Kunyange Soviet nguva, apo magetsi injiniya kwakasimbiswa nokukurumidza, kudiwa kupatsanura mano avo izita. Yakanga uye pakanga yunifomu marongedzero kugadzira mapepa (ESKD) uye nyika mitemo (GOST). All kwezvipimo upi injiniya aigona kuverenga kumiririra vanodhirowa vaaishanda navo.

Asi kuti zvose subtleties vanofanira kuteerera akawanda hurukuro uye kudzidza zvakawanda mabhuku. GOST - iri gwaro chikuru uye zvakazara kuongorora zvose akajeka zviratidzo uye avo mureza kukura, anoti kutonetsa. Naizvozvo, unofanira nguva dzose kuva zvishoma "munyengeri jira" ichabatsira dzokumabvazuva nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana magetsi zvinoriumba.

Wiring ari vanodhirowa

Wiring - a Generic izwi, izvozvo chinorehwa nemunhu, vane yakaderera zvikuru nemishonga. Uchibatsirwa yavo, voltage iri kubva kunobva magetsi kuti vatengi. It vanowanzochema pfungwa, sezvo pane mhando dzakawanda wiring.

Vanhu havanzwisisi mifananidzo uye zvechadenga wiring, angasarudza kuti muitisi - ane insulated waya kwakabatana kune haizoshandisi uye nezvigadziko. Asi chokwadi pane mhando dzakawanda conductors, uye vari zvinoratidzwa mapatani nenzira dzakasiyana.

Guides pamusoro mazano

Kunyange zvisaririra mhangura iri mudunhu textolite mapuranga - ichi richitungamirira, unogona kunyange kutaura kuti shanduro iyi magetsi wiring. Raireva mune zvemagetsi mumatunhu muchimiro yakarurama unobva mutsetse anomuitira kubva mumwe chinhu chimwe. Saizvozvowo nayo kunoratidzwa muna dhayagiramu uye mukuru voltage zvemagetsi waya mutsetse wakavhomorwa muminda pakati pembiru. Uye Apartments unobatanidza waya pakati mwenje, haizoshandisi nezvigadziko zviri runotaurwa chete yakarurama hunde dzacho.

Asi unogona kukamurwa subgroups zvitatu rokuti conductive zvinhu:

1. Waya.
2. Cables.
3. Electrical kubatana.

Wiring hurongwa - kwakarasika tsanangudzo sechinhu wiring akaronga kuti kuvaka waya uye netambo. Asi kana yekudyidzana ikure pasi zvinhu sezvo zvakafanira pamusoro hwakadzama zano, zvinoitika kuti unofanira kuwedzera transformers, dunhu namapoporodzi, residual ano mano, grounding, insulators.

Zvigadziko pamusoro mazano

Nezvigadziko - a chivhariso-ari kubatana yakagadzirirwa vasiri vanachandagwinyira kubatana (pane nezvechisarudzo manually patsanura kubatana) matunhu. Zviratidzo zviri vanodhirowa vari zvachose nokudzorwa GOST. Naro kuisa mitemo kureva vanodhirowa mano uye chiedza namano uye siyana zvimwe vatengi yemagetsi. Nezvigadziko mhando inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. Akagadzirirwa pemvura kuwedzera.
2. Rakagadzirirwa chomumba Kubhururuka.
3. Unit panhamba imwe nzira yokubudisa uye chinja.

Mapoka aya matatu inogona kupatsanurwa kuramba subgroups anoverengeka, zvichienderana kubatana kusarudza uye dziviriro kuvapo:

1. Single-danda nezvigadziko.
2. Nedambudziko.
3. Double-padanda, uye anodzivirira kuonana.
4. The-danda matatu.
5. Three-padanda, uye anodzivirira kuonana.

Panguva iyi zvakakwana, kunyanya pasina nehoro, pane dzakasiyana. zvidzidzo zvose vane dhigirii yokudzivirirwa, kusarudzwa zvinofanira kuitwa inobva hurongwa umo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa: padanho mwando, tembiricha, kuvapo zvokuimba aaiitawo.

The haizoshandisi ari mudunhu chati

Haizoshandisi - zano nako zvemagetsi vematunhu raputsika. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa otomatiki kana Chinyorwa nzira. Yaidzorwa zvimiso graphical notation vaeni, uyewo nehoro. Rokuti zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kushanda chinhu, namaapuro pfungwa izvozvo, ukuru kudzivirira umo. Kune mhando inoverengeka mazano pamusoro haizoshandisi:

1. Single-danda (kusanganisira mbiri uye katatu).
2. Nedambudziko.
3. The-danda matatu.

Madhayagiramu zvakakodzera kuratidza parameters ari zindoga mudziyo. Uye Graphical zviratidzo vaona hworudzii rinoshandiswa: nyore chinja, bhatani pamwe latching uye pasina acoustic mudziyo (kuita donje) kana Manyiminya. Kana paine chirwere kuti chiedza anobatidzwa murima uye akavhara mangwanani, unogona kushandisa Manyiminya Switch duku kudzora redunhu.

Fuses (fusible namatidza)

Kune mhando dzakawanda anodzivirira mano - fuses (kuraswa uye kuzvipira kuporesa), dunhu namapoporodzi, RCD. A muzvizhinji kuti mhando musimboti, mafomu, zvakasiyana uchishandisa kumhanya, akavimbika uye kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu inozivikanwa namano izvi. Symbol fiyuzi - a rectangle akaererana refu kurutivi kondakita ichipfuura pakati. Ndiwo nyore uye yakachipa pashiri chinhu chinogona kudzivirira munhu zvemagetsi wedunhu kubva remudunhu pfupi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinoriumba izvi kashoma kushandiswa magetsi schematic chati. Zviratidzo zvakasiyana mhando kunogona kuwanikwa - ndiko kuzvipira kuporeswa fiyuzi, izvo pashure kuvhura redunhu kusvikira pakutanga.

Wide Title fuses - fiyuzi. It yaishandiswa mano mazhinji, kuparadzira yemagetsi. The kuraswa plugs vanogona kusangana navo. Asi pachine namano zvinoshandiswa mukuru-voltage switchboards. Vari zvayakaita yakagadzirwa zviteshi simbi huru zvedongo zvidimbu. Inside pane kondakita chidimbu (muchinjikwa chikamu chawo anosarudzwa zvichienderana kana kunonyanyisa pari ichipfuura redunhu). The zvedongo muviri uzere jecha, kubvisa mukana kuvesa.

redunhu namapoporodzi

Zviratidzo midziyo yakadai zvinoenderana shanduro, ukuru kudzivirirwa. mudziyo reusable anogona kushandiswa senzvimbo nyore chinja. Kutaura zvazviri, iye anoita somunhu fiyuzi, asi zvinokwanisika kutamira yaro hwepakutanga - kupedza redunhu. Magadzirirwo ine zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Plastic dzimba.
2. The mhikuriso nokuti nokuchinja pamusoro uye kure.
3. Bimetallic Pfekenura - zviri akaremara panguva kudziyisa.
4. Boka kuonana - Rinowanikwawo imwe remudunhu magetsi.
5. The chinhu chakakombama mutserendende - unokubvumira kubvisa nezvitsiga uye arcs panguva disconnection.

Ndivo zvinhu zvinoumba chero redunhu mudariki. Asi tinofanira kuyeuka kuti avhiyiwa iye havazokwanisi kudzoka pakarepo kuti kutanga chinzvimbo, zvinotora nguva kuchitonhora bimetallic zviuno. upenyu muchina basa kunoonekwa mune nhamba remapazi uye kunosiyana-siyana mune zvakawanda 30000-60000.

Grounding pamusoro mazano

Grounding - akwirwe kondakita kuitika zvemagetsi muchina kana mudziyo pamwe pasi. Saka nyika, uye chikamu redunhu mudziyo sezvo ane kunaka zvinogona. Nokuda Kuparara muviri grounding haisi akateverwa chero mudziyo kuparadza kana yemagetsi kuvhunduka, nokuchengeta yose anoenda muvhu. Grounding ndiyo mhando zvinotevera pamusoro vakokwa:

1. The vakawanda pfungwa dzenyika.
2. Earth wakachena (noiseless).
3. Unodzivirira grounding mhando.
4. Pasi kubatana (dzimba) ari mudziyo.

Zvichienderana chii zvevhu mhando rinoshandiswa dunhu, chiratidzo chichava zvakasiyana. An rinokosha iri kuridzwa mukugadzirwa zvirongwa richiswedera maatomu akafanana, zviri runotsamira zvose pamusoro chaizvo redunhu mugove, uye mhando mudziyo.

Kana totaura motokari engineering, pachava "vakawanda" - zvinowanzoitika muitisi chokuita nomuviri. Kana musha wiring - akadzingwa muvhu conductors vari chokuita zvigadziko. The Kufunga matunhu hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa "digitaalinen" uye kwakajairika pasi - zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, uye vanoshandira zvakasiyana.

dzemagetsi Motors

Madhayagiramu pamusoro dzemagetsi motokari, zvitoro, mano chaizvo kazhinji unogona kuwana dzemagetsi Motors. Uye indasitiri kuti anopfuura 95% yose vakashandisa michini - ndivo asynchronous tsindi keji. Vari achiratidzei denderedzwa, zvakafanira conductors nhatu (danho). nemagetsi michina yakadaro zvinoshandiswa pachiimbwa rinobva actuators uye mabhatani ( "Start", "Regai", "harungashandurwi", kana zvakakodzera).

DC Motors zvinoshandiswa motokari mafomu, kudzorwa hurongwa. Vane windings maviri - kushanda uye uchityaira. Panzvimbo okupedzisira magnets a zvachose dzinoshandiswa pane dzimwe mhando Motors. Tiine excitation coils pave remagineti. It anosandudzira rotor pamusoro injini, izvo oppositely akatungamirira munda - nayo anosika ronda.

Wire Colors

Kana chete-danho simba wedzerai aine danho kondakita ane dema, kuchena, nezvishava, pink, tsvuku, orenji, cyan, chena ruvara. Kakawanda unogona kuwana Brown. Izvi zvichiratidza unowanzoonekwa kugamuchirwa uye kushandiswa mukugadzirwa zvirongwa kugadzwa. Zero kondakita segwapa:

1. Blue - kusatsigira (N).
2. Yellow pamwe mutema mutsetse - Ground waya kudzivirira (Pe).
3. Yellow chitaridzi pamwe manyoro uye zvitema panguva kumicheto - a conductors wokudzivirira uye kwavakarerekera ikashandiswa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rwebhuruu chitaridzi rinofanira kuiswa panguva installation. Symbol mune zvemagetsi nematunhu vanofanira vanewo nezve kuti pane kuvapo tags. Muitisi anofanira anozivikanwa ne Indekisi kunyora.

On chinangwa chadzo conductors zvose vakakamurwa sezvinotevera:

1. Wire dema - nokuti nokuchinja simba matunhu.
2. Waya dzvuku - nokuti yeimwe ose chidhiraivho, kuyerwa, zvichikurukura.
3. Conductors zvitema - Control nekuyera uye zvichikurukura pamusoro DC kushanda.
4. Blue ruvara Chichatara yakabereka kwazvakarerekera chevaimbi.
5. Yellow uye girini - a waya kuti grounding uye kudzivirirwa.

Alphanumeric mazita mu mazano

Clips ndivo chiratidzo ari wiring chati ndeinotevera:

• U, V, W - wiring danho;
• N - kwazvakarerekera kondakita;
• E - pasi;
• Pe - waya unodzivirira vematunhu;
• Te - a rukoronga kuti ruzha-vakasununguka yeimwe;
• MM - nemunhu chokuita dzimba (uremu);
• SS - equipotential chevaimbi.

Zita iri wiring chati:

• L - tsamba rokuti (nhamba) neimwe danho;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1st, 2nd uye 3rd maitikiro, ukuwo;
• N - kwazvakarerekera waya.

In DC Zvirongwa:

• L + uye L- - akanaka uye kunaka namatanda;
• M - svikiro chevaimbi.

Izvi zvinoreva inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa chati uye vanodhirowa. Vanogona kuwanika dzeurongwa nyore mano. Kana uchida kuverenga schema dzakaoma mano zvinoda zivo. Handiti, pachine basa okunze, pusa, pfungwa mano, semiconductor zvinoriumba, uye vamwe vakawanda. Uye munhu wose ane zita rake chati.

ASB ichitenderera zvinhu

Mune ndangariro zhinji kuti exchange magetsi iyezvino. It inductors, transformers, chinovhunga. Symbol transformer matunhu - the Coils maviri (akaratidzwa sezvo matatu Semi-madenderedzwa) uye chinoumba (muchimiro achirurama mutsetse kazhinji). Anoreva yakarurama mutsetse chinoumba transformer simbi. Asi pangava magadzirirwo transformers kuti havana panozogadzirika, muchiitiko ichi, dunhu pakati Coils chinhu. chiratidzo kwakadaro chaikosha anogona kuwanikwa mumatunhu ari redhiyo kugamuchirwa midziyo, somuenzaniso.

Mumakore achangopfuura, imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji transformer simbi nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi transformers. Chikuru kwazvo, zvakaoma kupinda chinoumba ndiro, pane ruzha kana kusunungura. Zviri zvikuru inoshanda pane kushandisa ferromagnetic core. Vane zvikukutu, vane permeability pazvinhu. Asi pane vane chimwe drawback - kunzwisisa kwakaita kugadziriswa, sezvo disassembly uye pakuzosunganidza ndiyo matambudziko. Symbol transformer Musimboti pamwe chinenge hapana zvakasiyana kubva umo simbi inoshandiswa.

mhedziso

Hazvisi zviratidzo zvose dzemagetsi zvirongwa, kukura zvakamisa hurongwa dziri nokudzorwa GOST. Kunyange miseve nyore, mhesano pfungwa zvinodiwa, vauye aita zvakasimba maererano nemirau. Unofanira kuteerera chimwe chinhu - kusiyana namano chinoitirwa mudzimba mitemo uye imupota. The mharadzano of conductors pamusoro yemarudzi matunhu akasarudzwa denderedzwagama. Asi kune chinhu chakadai somunhu gadzira - mufananidzo chinhu pasina maererano zvinodiwa vaenzi okunze. Vamwe zvinodiwa zvinoshanda zvikuru gadzira. mifananidzo kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa kuona remangwana design, wiring. Naizvozvo, zviri akaita mufananidzo umo kunyange zvimiso mazita netambo uye kubatana anoenderana nemitemo.