State reRibhiya zvinokwezva, guta guru, purezidhendi, wepamutemo hurongwa, pamwe mufananidzo tsananguro. Uripi hurumende Libya?

State reRibhiya ndeimwe zvikuru kunyika dziri kondinendi African. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura yave iri zviratidzi zvinotaurwa zvoupfumi mudunhu, mukuwedzera, nhoroondo dzaro izere dzinonakidza chokwadi. Sezvo vaRibhia vakararama vasati uye kuti kurarama iye zvino? Description reRibhiya, zvayo zvinokwezva uye wepamutemo maitiro uye vachashumira sezvo nyaya nyaya yedu.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Chokutanga, ngationei apo nyika Libya. nyika ino riri mune chaizvo nechokuchamhembe kondinendi African. Kurutivi rwamavirazuva muganhu wayo uchibudisa Tunisia uye Algeria, zasi - nehurumende pamusoro Niger, Republic of Chad uye Sudanese Republic, uye kurutivi rwamabvazuva - nehurumende muIjipiti. With Libya kwakaita kumahombekombe kuchamhembe pedyo zvinyoronyoro mafungu Mediterranean.

Libyan miganhu nharaunda mamiriyoni 1,8 makiromita ^2. Vakawanda ndizvo murenje, chidimbu Sahara murenje. Chete kuchamhembe rakamanikana kanyika kwenharaunda noushamwari kurima aine reMediterranean mhando okunze.

Pakati zviwanikwa reRibhiya pakutanga kuti govera mafuta.

nyaya

Kuti pfungwa nani pamusoro ezvinhu aripo, unofanira kuongorora kare. Ngatimboonai zvinokosha nhoroondo Libya.

Munguva dzekare, nharaunda yayo yaigarwa anongofamba Berber namarudzi. The zita "Libya" ndiyo Greek mavambo. Saka vaGiriki akadana yose kondinendi African.

C I Millennium BC. e. Rinotanga rinoita reFenikiya uye nechiGiriki Colonisation pachiwi reRibhiya. Panguva iyoyo paiva mapoka zvakadai huru, kufanana muKurini, Leptis Magna, Bark, Evhesparidy, Tripoli. Vakawanda Maguta aya pane panguva ino uye vane zvikuru nzvimbo Libya mamiriro.

In yechipiri yezana I chemakore BC. e. chinokosha chikamu kuchamhembe kwenyika vakakunda muCarthage, kumadokero chikamu akanga ceded kuti mamiriro enyika Ptolemies yeEgipita. Kunyange zvakadaro, maererano kutanga munguva yedu yose ndima aidzora hweRoma. Pashure pokuwa Rome, kumabvazuva Libya akaenda Byzantium uye West - kune ufuza Vandals mamiriro pamwe nechepakati muCarthage. Zvisinei, muzana remakore VI BC. e., panguva yaitonga Justinian, Byzantium akakwanisa achapwanya Vandals uye zvinosanganisira nyika yavo yose vari nhengo dzaro.

South reRibhiya panguva ino, havana kuzviisa pasi dzidzo chero paruzhinji. Pano, sapakutanga, Vaidzungaira madzinza vakasununguka.

Mamiriro zvachinja kubva pakati VII remakore, kana navaArabhu akakunda Byzantine nezvinhu mu Africa. Naivowo vakakwanisa kukunda ose Libya, iro rave rapinzwa Caliphate. Kubvira ipapo yekudyidzana yakachinja madzinza Kuronga nyika. Asi kare vakawanda vaigara vaiva Berbers, zvino rave rudzi vakava maArab. Pashure pokuwa rakabatana Arab caliphate muna VIII remakore Libya rave chikamu Aghlabid mamiriro, ari Fatimid, Ayyubid, Almohad, Hafsid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, kusvikira muna 1551 haana yakatora kuna hweTurkey.

Zvisinei, iyi, Libya aiva hama kuzvionera. Kubvira 1711 ikoko akatanga kutonga Karamanli youmambo, izvo akaziva chaiko kuvimba hweOttoman Sultan. Asi muna 1835, nokuda nevakawanda Kusagutsikana, imba youmambo akawa, uye hweOttoman Empire pave kudzora muoti Libya kamwe zvakare.

Muna 1911, Italy nechisimba nyika ino, kuti kuhwina hondo pamwe vokuTurkey. Kubvira ipapo, nyika yava wokuItaly yaitongwa. Pashure pokukundwa Italy muna World War muna 1942, nharaunda yacho maigara British uye French mauto.

Muna 1951, Libya akava yakazvimirira umambo pasi naMambo Idris I. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo ichangopfuura munyika.

Nguva Gaddafi

Munhu uyo aiva mukuru kubatsira ano Libya, Muammar Gaddafi akatanga. Ndiye aiva musoro pakurangana vatariri kunangana poumambo. Muna 1969, panguva chimurenga, simba Idris I rakaparadzwa. Rakavambwa ari Libyan Arab Republic (LAR), razova musoro Muammar Gaddafi. Kutaura zvazviri, aiva purezidhendi Libya, kunyange pamutemo ndiye nzvimbo iyi kumbobvira nedhimoni.

Muna 1977, Gaddafi pamutemo akasiya hurumende namagwatidziro zvose, achisiya chete rokuti mutungamiri Sehama, asi akaramba zvinobudirira kutonga. Ipapo LAR akarega kuna Jamahiriya. Yakanga yakasiyana chehurumende, iyo akadanidzira gutsaruzhinji, pamutemo yakavakirwa nokutongwa nyika yakawanda munharaunda. Jamahiriya nheyo gutsaruzhinji, Arab urudzi uye Islam. Zviri ichi munda Pfungwa panguva iyoyo, Libya. Musoro wehurumende Muammar Gaddafi akapa "Green Book", iro chaizvoizvo kunotsiva bumbiro.

Panguva iyi, Libya kwasvika isati yamboitwa zvoupfumi. Zvisinei, zvikuru zvokumanikidzira ukama State aIsiraeri West, uko Libyan basa chakavanzika Kusvikira vatakurira kunze dzakatevedzana kurwiswa nemagandanga. The kupfuura ihwai kwaiva kuputika ndege muna 1988, pashure izvo musi Libya upfumi zvirango zvave rakaiswa. Uyezve, Muammar Gaddafi akapomerwa kudzvanyirira kupikiswa enyika kumba uye kutyora kodzero dzevanhu, uyewo utsinye pamusoro dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica.

hondo yevanhu venyika imwe

Sezvingatarisirwa, mamiriro ezvinhu aya havana aenderane vazhinji pakati Libyan vanhu. Muna 2011, mhirizhonga akaputsa pamusoro Gaddafi hwechiKomonisiti. Kana pavanotaurirana pamwe vapanduki nemauto hurumende yakasvika chimwe kukura, izvozvo akapindira muhondo mubatanidzwa kunyika Western vaiva kudivi vapanduki. NATO ndege inoitwa kubhomba hurumende nemauto zvivako. Achitsigirwa masimba vatorwa, vapanduki akakwanisa kubvuta guru Libya - Tripoli. Muammar Gaddafi akaurayiwa.

Libya akatanga kudzora Transitional National Council. Asi kunyange pashure sarudzo dzeparamende nyika haina kupinda munyika. It mberi hondo pakati mauto akawanda anorwisana. nhasi Zvinenge Zvaparara dzidzo voruzhinji Libya. Hurumende haigoni nechokwadi kubatana nyika. Uyezve, Libya rakawedzera mabasa mamwe masangano kwemagandanga, kusanganisira vechiIslam mamiriro (LIH), izvo kunyange vakakwanisa akakunda zvinoverengeka nenharaunda.

uwandu hwevanhu

Ruzhinji rwakapindura vemo Libya vaJehovha vari maArab, vazhinji vacho vari arabizirovanyh Berbers. In rwezasi nyika uyewo kurarama anongofamba Berber madzinza, Tuareg uye Toubou Negroid rudzi.

Vazhinji vanacho kusimbiswa nechekuchamhembe Libya. South munyika iri dzakati vakawanda, nokuda yakaoma chaizvo dzinotaurwa Sahara. Kune vazhinji zvachose unpopulated nzvimbo.

Vose vanogara munyika iri vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 5.6. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti kubva nhamba iyi, vakawanda vanogara mumaguta. Somuenzaniso, uwandu vagere mumaguta kupfuura uye agglomerations Tripoli zvinhu, Benghazi uye Misrata kupfuura 56% of zvachose kwevanhu.

Tripoli - guru Libya

Libyan guru ndiro guta Tripoli. It riri kumadokero kwenyika paMhenderekedzo yeMediterranean. Ndicho kupfuura maguta, chiri inozivikanwa kuti mamiriro Libya. Guru ine vagari yakasvikira vagari vanenge mamiriyoni 1,8. Enzanisa chechipiri pakukura guta Libyan wehurumende - Benghazi nevanhu vanenge zviuru 630 vanhu ..

Tripoli anozivikanwa kuti nhoroondo chaizvo yekare. Kwayo kare VII remakore BC. e. Phoenician colonists, uye pakutanga ainzi Ea. Zita ano guta wakaisa akazotevera nevaGiriki. MuchiGiriki nayo oznachat "Vatatu Maguta". Kwenguva refu nguva aiva guta nechepakati enyika Tripolitania, uye muna 1951, pashure kuziviswa rusununguko munyika, yakava guta guru Libya.

Zvino - Tripoli ndiro guta guru ano dzakakwirira-simukai nezvivakwa uye azure mahombekombe, izvo zvinogona kudada mamiriro Libya. Mufananidzo jecha Dunes uye Dunes, uyo zhinji mashoko zvokushandisa, yakatsaurirwa kuna zvinokwezva makona pose, zvinonakidza, uye zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti pane imwe nzvimbo iri pedyo murenje zvakaita chirefu chakakwirira-rinobuda ... uye pane hondo.

Zvisinei, pasinei guru chinzvimbo, muna Tripoli huru makambani ehurumende-muridzi ndiye Bazi Affairs Foreign chete. All nedzimwe nhengo dzose nechepakati wehurumende midziyo vari kusimbiswa amachinda mumaguta. Kunyange paramende iri muguta Sirte. Izvi zvakaitwa muna kuumbwa purogiramu, iyo inotanga muna 1988, munenge munyika decentralization.

political Structure

Panguva iyoyo, Libya - a unitary mamiriro. Muchimiro chiri zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende. nzvimbo dzakadai wenyika Libya, haako. The President anotenda sachigaro yeImba Representatives, iro kusarudzwa neparamende. Sezvo August 2014 pambiru yave ichiitwa Aguila Salah Isa. Uyezve, imba Representatives (paramende) elects ari Prime Minister, kuti ndiye musoro wehurumende. Panguva iyoyo, nevarikutonga mukuru Abdullah al-Thani. Hurumende iri Tobruk. Abdullah al-Thani kakawanda kusiya, asi kusvikira zvino anoramba. pamusoro. ari Prime Minister.

Panguva iyoyo, mamiriro Libya anotonga kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvinofanira ambopupura kuti muna Tripoli zvakafanana anoita General National Congress, iyo anodzivisa House yevamiriri uye anodzora nharaunda yakapoteredza guru.

Panguva iyoyo, Libya - rokunyika mamiriro umo vehurumende vari takaparadzana chitendero uye masangano ezvitendero. Panguva iyoyowo ndakasimba Islamist manzwiro munzanga.

administrative kupesana

Libya mamiriro administratively muzvikamu 22 makanzuru. Zvisinei, nokupesana iri nani zvimiso, sezvo guru chikamu munyika nechepakati zviremera havambokwanisi kudzora, uye chaizvoizvo ine zvayo administrative chikwata pachavo.

Uyezve, Libya ane mapurovhinzi matatu risingakanganwiki kushamwaridzana iyo, chokwadi, pane imwe nguva, uye vakaumba kusaroora: Tripolitania, Cyrenaica uye Fezzan. The nzvimbo yacho kurongwa zvinoriumba, ukuwo, vari Tripoli, Benghazi uye Sabha.

State zviratidzo

National flag Libya kubva 2011 ari mureza Red, dema uye mitema mitsetse yakarongwa kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi. Pakati pane nomureza vechiIslam kirisendi uye nyeredzi. mureza uyu waishandiswa sehurumende nenguva Umambo Libya (1951-1969), asi pashure pokuchinja chikatsiviwa Gaddafi iri dzvuku-chena-dema tricolor, uye ipapo, kubvira 1977, uri zvachose munyoro jira.

Panguva iyoyo, mukuru maoko maoko mamiriro Libya haako, asi pane State chiratidzo muchimiro yero kirisendi uye nyeredzi.

National Anthem kubva 2011 ari Zvinoumba "Libya, Libya, Libya", kuita basa rakafanana munguva poumambo. Mumazuva Gaddafi rokutonga sezvo rwenyika akashandisa basa mimhanzi "Mwari mukuru."

pamutemo hurongwa

Pari pamutemo hurongwa mamiriro Libya inobva French uye vokuItaly mutemo. Panguva iyoyowo, kunyange Gaddafi yaitonga, inoramba kumbonyanya chakasimba mutemo Islamic, kunyanya Sharia.

The nyika ine Constitutional Court, kunyange Constitution itsva haisati vakagamuchirwa. Panguva iyoyowo, mamiriro Libya achiri asina kugamuchirwa wenharaunda yaitongwa matare dzakawanda.

Panguva iyoyowo, tiri kuziva kuti panguva dzakasiyana-siyana Libya dzinodzorwa nemapoka akawanda, saka kuti, chaizvoizvo, hapana yunifomu tsika kodzero, izvo zvaizoita kungapfuurira nharaunda yose mamiriro. Munzvimbo zhinji mitemo munyika of facto vari kuomesa mutemo Islamic (Sharia).

zvisakamboonekwa

kare akatipa yakawanda netsika pazvivako, izvo zvinofadza meso zvevashanyi. Zvechokwadi, pane nhoroondo nzvimbo dzakawanda, izvo zvinogona kudada mamiriro Libya. Attractions rinowanika munyika dzakawanda munyika.

Mumwe yakakurumbira Zvivako zviri tsika nyika, iri Libya, ndivo matongo kare wechiRoma dzemitambo, izvo zvinogona kufunga zviri mufananidzo pamusoro. Vari Sabratha, kumadokero Tripoli. dzemitambo iyi yakavakwa mumakore nguva yeRoma uye akaitirwa kuratidza vaiva kuvaraidza vateereri, kusanganisira kuti ndouya aikwanisa kurwa.

Munyika pane dzimwe matongo zvivako ekare vokuFenikiya uye vaRoma. Kunyanya kukurumbira pakati vashanyi matongo eguta rekare Leptis Magna, yakavambwa reFenikiya colonists, asi zvino akanga atora pamusoro weRoma mararamiro.

Pakati zvivako Islamic nguva, kunyanya vanogona kusiyanisa yaiva Tripoli Mosque Ahmed Pasha Karamanli akavaka mutongi uyu Tripolitania muna 1711. Uyewo zvikuru dzinonakidza Gurgen Mosque uye Al-Jami.

Mukuwedzera, enzvimbo UNESCO World Heritage List inosanganisira petroglyphs munharaunda Tadrart Acacus, makore anosvika 14 000 makore.

Mumazuva Gaddafi yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati veko uye vashanyi vakanakidzwa Jamahiriya Museum.

Chokwadi, pane chinhu chokudada vanhu Libya.

With nokutenda munguva yemberi

Libya chinoenda kuburikidza dzakaoma kubvira pakutanga kwayo. Pashure pokuwa Gaddafi hurumende, vanhu vazhinji vaiva nechokwadi kuti chiedza achauya nguva hweruzhinji kwechokwadi uye kwemitemo. Asi zvavaitarisira pasi sezvo nyika iri yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka rakadzikadzika yevagari, izvo nzira imwe kana mumwe kupindira uye masimba dzavatorwa.

Pari, Libya chaizvoizvo rwakakamukana akawanda mitezo, izvo zvinoda navanopinda kuzvionera kubva hurumende musimboti, kana havazvioni. Panguva iyo hakuna vachiramba kodzero Libyan vanhu kuvaka rugare, hweruzhinji muvanhu umo kwemitemo dzemunharaunda vachamira nechemberi. Zvechokwadi, chinangwa ichi vaRibhia achaita pakupedzisira kusvika. Ndizvo kana zvichava - mubvunzo guru.