Siberian Tatars, tsika dzavo uye tsika. Tatars muRussia

Isu tose pamwe takanzwa kuti Tatars - Siberian, Kazan uye Crimean - rudzi kare zvikuru vagere nharaunda nyika yedu yakakura. To musi, vamwe vavo kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, uye zvino zvakaoma chaizvo kusiyanisa kubva Slavs, asi kune avo, pasinei nezvose, ramba kukudza tsika uye tsika madzitateguru avo.

Nyaya ino ndehwokuti kupa ave yakarurama characterization zvakadaro mumiririri nemakambani vanhu Russian, sezvo Russian wechiTatar. The Reader vachadzidza zvakawanda itsva, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange rakasiyana ruzivo nezvevanhu ava. Nyaya achava anonakidza uye cognitively. Pasina nokuti nhasi wechiTatar tsika vanoonekwa remabhuku uye kupfuura kujairika panyika.

General ruzivo pamusoro vanhu

Tatars mu Russia ndiyo rudzi dzine vazadze nechepakati European chikamu nyika yedu, uyewo Urals, ivo Volga nharaunda, Siberia uye kuFar East. Kunze nyika, vanosanganira Kazakhstan uye Central Asia.

Maererano ethnographers masayendisiti Estimated nevanhu panguva iri 5523 zviuru. People. Achitaura kazhinji pamusoro vanhu, ivo Tatars, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, unogona kuparadzaniswa avo ethno-miganhu hwaro kupinda huru mumapoka matatu anoti: Volga-Ural, Siberian uye Astrakhan.

The yokupedzisira, uyewo, vanowanzoona vanozviti sibirtatarlarami kana sibirtarami. Chete muna Russia, vanorarama vanenge zviuru 190. People, uye vanenge 20 zviuru. Inogona kuwanikwa dzimwe nyika Central Asia uye Kazakhstan.

Siberian Tatars. madzinza

Pakati rudzi urwu pane zvinotevera madzinza :

• Tobol-Irtysh dzine kurdaksko-Sargatskoe, Tyumen, Tara uye yaskolbinskih Tatar;
• Barabinsk, izvo zvinosanganisira Barabinsk-turazhskie, tereninsko-Choya uye lyubeysko-tunusskie Tatars;
• Tomsk, rine Kalmyks, eushtintsev uye Chats.

Anthropology uye mutauro

Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda, mune anthropological mashoko Tatars vaiona zvikuru heterogeneous.

The ndechokuti, muti, kuSiberia Tatars zvavo chitarisiko zvakafanana zvikuru inonzi South-Siberian mhando, kuva huru Mongoloid nhangemutange. Tatars, nguva dzose aigara kuSiberia, uyewo vaya vanogara Urals uye Volga kumatunhu, vanotaura mutauro wavo wechiTatar, raiva pamberi Kipchak subgroup zvinowanzoitwa kwazvo Turkic (Altaic mutauro mhuri).

mutauro wavo chaiko kamwe kuumbwa pachishandiswa vanonzi pakati mutauro. Maererano nenyanzvi, kunyora, inonzi Turkic Runes, unogona kunzi mumwe mukuru panyika.

Siberian Tatars Culture uye zvinhu National wenguo

Havasi vose anoziva kuti pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore veko wechiTatar nemisha havana kupfeka andapeni. Views pamusoro ichi pasi Russian uye Tatars vaiva yakasiyana mumwe. Andapeni zvipfeko okupedzisira vaibudirira wakapamhama bhurukwa uye hembe. Vose varume nevakadzi vaipfeka pamusoro beshmets yenyika, izvo chaizvo zvakawanda majasi pamwe refu maoko.

Uyewo dzakakurumbira chaizvo vari Mabhachi, izvo zvakaitwa sezvo maoko kana pasina pavo. Special zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti nguva inokosha omunharaunda Chapanov gemenzi. vakadzi vavo Tatar dzaigadzirwa simba homespun. Kubva chando zvokupfeka muchando vari Chokwadi, havana kuponeswa, saka chando Mwaka hunde dzacho kuwana chero inodziya majasi mbava majasi vanonzi vari munharaunda mutauro kana pasi tunami azvaitwa.

Kumwe pakupera kwezana remakore yakakurumbira Russian mbava jasi, mbava majasi, nedehwe remakwai majasi uye kuti bhachi. Saka vakapfeka varume. Asi vakadzi vaifarira vapfeke ari riwande wakashongedzwa pevairwara nemapfekero avaiita. Nenzira, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Kazan Tatars wakafananidzwa pane kuSiberia. Kanenge ikozvino yokutanga panyaya nguvo chepakarepo hapana kusiyana zvemo Slavs, apo yokupedzisira havabvumirwi zvikuru voga, uye mufashoni vachiri vaya vanoomerera patsika yenyika.

tsika yokugara kwevanhu sei

Zvinoshamisa, Russian uye Tatars, refu akararama parutivi, vane yakatosiyana nepfungwa pakuvaka anonzi musha. Kwemazana emakore, nemisha yavo yokupedzisira akadana yurts uye auls. Misha iyi, kakawanda iri pamhenderekedzo ine makungwa nenzizi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti omunharaunda mayors uye kuraswa nokungwarira kuongororwa kuitira kuti zvose mumigwagwa, kana rimwe guta kana mwero misha, riri kururamisa mitsetse piringisha kukurairisai kurudyi pamakona. Kazan Tatars, nenzira, nheyo iyi kumbobvira vakanamatira. Ndivo Nhongonya musha waiva anenge akakwana denderedzwa pamwe zvichiratidza kumativi ose, migwagwa-ray.

Imba Tatars vaigara kuSiberia, zvichiri kumativi maviri pomugwagwa, uye chete mune zvimwe zviitiko, somuenzaniso ari dziva, pane mumwe-mativi kukura. Zvirindo zvakaitwa namatanda, asi chechi, kazhinji yakavakwa nezvidhinha.

Against mukuru kumashure nguva dzose vakamira mabha- pazviteshi, zvikoro, zvitoro uye zvitoro, uyewo echoto.

Tatar Ugaro haawanzopiwi yakashongedzwa chero mapatani. dzimwe nguva chete unogona kuwana geometric zvitarisiko kureva hwindo mapuranga, eaves dzimba kana yose pamasuwo wemunda. Uye ichi ndicho hapana tsaona. Zvinomiririra mhuka, shiri, kana kunyange kupfuura saka munhu anorambidzwa Islam.

Kana zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa, kuti kunyange iye zvino ano Tatars Moscow, St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta makuru wenyika yedu kakawanda shongedza dzimba dzavo nemafurati pamahwandefa yakaderera-makumbo marefu uye oma Makabati.

upfumi basa

Dzimwe nguva dzose, tsika basa boka iri raiva Tatars kurima. It asati asvika tsika vanhu Russian. mamiriro ayo dzichiri pakutsvaga nzvimbo nzvimbo dzokugara. Somuenzaniso, muna kumaodzanyemba kweSiberia advantageously akura mhunga, gorosi, oats uye rye. On hwokumusoro mundima shoma Yave uye anoramba kuva nyanza uye rwizi hove.

Nokupfuwa anogona kuitwa musango-inowanzorimwa nzvimbo kana pamusoro inowanzorimwa solonetz, iyo kwagara inozivikanwa rekushongedzesa dzavo. Kana akabvumira kunyika, uye zvinomera nharaunda yaiva nekaupenyu dzesango, Siberian Tatars, mukusiyana kune chete wechiTatar, nguva dzose akatunhidzwa mabhiza nemombe.

Kutaura pamusoro rwokugadzira, tisingatauri kusukuta matehwe dzemabhizimisi, mukugadzira mukuru-simba namabote, kubva chaiwo Linden bast, nembariro mabhasikiti, mimbure knitting uye anongoda dzokuchengeta anobudiswa kuti zvaanoda uye kuti kupanana Birch omuti midziyo, zvikepe, ngoro, skis uye sleds.

Nezvaidavirwa vamiririri rudzi urwu

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi18 zviri Russian kweSiberia vazhinji Tatars vari Sunni vaMuslim, uye nhasi chitendero muzinda wavo iri muguta Ufa. The mazororo kukosha uye zvikuru rakakurumbira inokurukurwa kuna Eid al-Adha uye Eid al-Ramadan.

Pakarepo mushure vasvika chakakosha Tatars chiKristu Russian uye akatanga kudzidzira Orthodoxy. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamiririri izvi rudzi, sezvo mutemo, kubviswa dzavo mumapoka dzakaitika uye madzinza akaramba wakafananidzwa pamwe Russian vanogara.

Kunyange anenge yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 mumisha chirwirangwe paiva vashumiri siyana yekare echihedheni ezvitendero, pechishamani rikabudirira, uye varapi vemo aibata varwere. Akasangana uye chibayiro, panguva iyo dhiramu uye rakashandiswa muchimiro rinokosha beater mashizha.

Sezvineiwo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nevashamani vaigona kuva varume nevakadzi.

Zvatinotenda, rengano

vanamwari ake mukuru Siberian Tatars akatenda kudaya uye Tangri. Uyewo vakatenda nokuvapo midzimu yakaipa pevhu Vaakanainen, vaiuya dambudziko, kurwara, uye kunyange rufu.

Ngano uchapupu uye anokosha midzimu zvifananidzo. Vaiva, maererano nengano, zvaifanira kugadzirwa Birch omuti uye manyoro, uye ipapo siya panzvimbo chaiyo mumasango, kazhinji pamihoronga miti. Zvaidavirwa kuti vaigona kuchengetedza yose musha kubva dzematambudziko.

Kazhinji zvangoitikawo kuti vanamwari emapuranga chete vakadaro vaifanira vanoroverera pamatenga edzimba. Ravaifanira kudzivirira dzimba dzose.

Zvaidavirwa kuti midzimu yevakafa inogona wokurwisa mumusha, saka vanhu veko kubvira nguva nenguva dzaigadzirwa anokosha jira nezvidhori Kurchakov. Vaifanira achengetwe nembariro matengu pasi kuparadzira muti pedyo kumakuva.

Features of National chili

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange nhasi Moscow Tatars, St. Petersburg, Kazan uye Ufa vachidada zvikuru kuzvirumbidza zvinonaka uye zvinofadza kwayo chili. Chii chaizvo nemamwe? Hongu, chaizvo, hapana inokosha, asi, zvichida, chokwadi kuti zvinenge zvose pano chaizvoizvo zvinonaka chaizvo.

In zvokudya zvayo Siberian Tatar kushandisa kunyanya nyama (nyama yenguruve, Elk, tsuro nyama uye neshiri) uye mukaka (Ira, ruomba, ruomba, chizi uye koteji chizi) zvigadzirwa.

Huge dzakakurumbira soups. Visitors vava mufashoni Restaurants wechiTatar nomufaro akatenga Shurpa kana kutoti mhando hwakatsetseka muto, uyewo nenyika yokutanga makosi kubva gorosi, mupunga kana hove.

Kwakajairika chipiriso mukaka yakavakirwa kana mvura vari kugadzirira nokuwedzera bhari kana oats.

Tatars - akakurumbira vanoda starchy zvokudya. Pakutanga mukana unokosha vachiedza makeke dzavo, pizza uye ndiro, chinhu vaguely chakatodzana Pancakes edu.

The Social sangano kuSiberia Tatars

Paitonga kuSiberia Khanate murudzi urwu maiva vanonzi dzemadzinza ukama okunze aripo avo munharaunda munharaunda. Pakutanga, nharaunda idzi dzaiva mbiri: musha uye yeko. utariri wechaunga rikaparadzirwa kunze kushandisa kuungana democratic. Zviya, rubatsiro namazano murudzi urwu - ichi kunowanzoitika, uye zvatinosiita hurongwa hwezvinhu.

Mumwe havafaniri kukanganwa nezvokuvapo tuguma, raiva boka rose mhuri hwakagadzwa pakati ukama hwemhuri. muviri ichi administrative unowanzoshandiswa kudzora zvose mhuri uye mudzimba ukama, uyewo akatarisira kuurayiwa dzakasiyana-siyana chevarwere uye mhemberero dzechitendero.

Ezvinhu ano dzidzo Tatar

Kazhinji, kuti zuva, nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa mumwe kudiwa. Hapana chinoshamisa pakuti kuSiberia Tatars vari yakawanda nesimba kuti kusuma vana vavo kumarudzi tsika uye emakore-kare tsika.

Pasinei kuitwa uku kuchiri kuitwa. chiduku chikamu Tartars chete anokwanisa kuendesa vana vavo kuti zhizha mumusha kuna mbuya nasekuru, uye nokudaro anovapa mukana kuitawo mhemberero yenyika kana kuti kudzidzira mutauro. A kuwanda kuyaruka huru kugara muguta kwenguva anotaura chete Russian uye ane kujeka chaizvo pfungwa pamusoro tsika yemadzitateguru avo.

In nzvimbo vakawanda nemisha yose Tatars, sezvinoita mutemo, pane mapepanhau mumutauro wavo, kanoverengeka pavhiki; zvose redhiyo uye terevhizheni kutepfenyurwa dzakatevedzana zvirongwa zviri wechiTatar. Mune zvimwe zvikoro, zvisinei, kunyanya vekumaruwa, vakabata chaidzo zvidzidzo.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti dzidzo yepamusoro mumutauro wechiTatar kuRussia hazvibviri. Zvisinei, kubva gore rakapera itsva dzakagadzirirwa "Tatar mutauro uye mabhuku" wakatangwa muna kumayunivhesiti. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vadzidzisi yemberi zvidzidzo fakaroti ichi vachakwanisa kudzidzisa mutauro wechiTatar kuchikoro.