Shamwari - panyaya ... shoko "komuredhi". Kudzora vamwe mugari, shamwari

Shoko "komuredhi" - ndomumwe inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa emazita mutauro Russian. Zvisinei, chikuru ukoshi hwake add zvokuwedzera shoma mumakore zana apfuura. Ndezvipi uye chii musiyano pakati mashoko "shamwari", "shamwari" uye "mugari"?

Kwakatangira shoko

On yakakura penzvimbo Russia yekare kwenguva refu nguva paiva rokuti "komuredhi". zita iri rakabva Turkic shoko tavar, iro anoshandura kuti "chigadzirwa" (dzimwe nguva mombe kana zvimwe pfuma).

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti shamwari yepakutanga inonzi vatengesi, kushandisa kutengeswa imwe mhando nhumbi. Asi nei zvino Mabviro akaita kuchinja kunoshamisa kwakadaro - iri USINGAZIKAMWI.

Uyewo, pane zvechikadzi chimiro shoko "komuredhi" - a "tovarka". Muzana XIX remakore. zviri kushingaira kushandiswa pakutaura. Zvisinei, muna mutauro ano, pazita ichi haisi nevakawanda rikashandiswa.

The Tsika zvinoreva shoko "komuredhi"

Long pamberi 1917 chimurenga mamwe masoja anonzi vanhu vakabatana pachavo nevakariri basa kana kushanda nyaya.

Shoko iri rakanga kushandiswawo vaya vanodzidza pamwe chete, vachifamba kana pikisa. Panyaya iyi, zvikuru wakajairika chibhende dimikira "shamwari nezvakaipa."

Pasinei chokwadi kuti maererano nezvakaitika 1917, shoko iri awana rimwe siyanei nechinangwa, nhasi rinoshandiswa zvakare zvayo netsika mupfungwa.

Shamwari uye komuredhi: chii musiyano

Vaviri emazita izvi zvakafanana, asi pane chaizvo zvinoonekwa musiyano pakati pavo.

Friends - vanhu chokuita mumwe pedyo ukama kwakavakirwa tsitsi, nzwisiso, kurasira uye kuvimbana. kazhinji vanogara pedyo kana vari kudzidza, dzimwe nguva basa. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoita havana inokosha, sezvo dzimwe nguva shamwari dzechokwadi kwete kurarama chete mumaguta, asiwo munhu mumakondinendi.

Nokuti ushamwari haina kuzvireva chero panyama kana evanhu munharaunda, apo pfungwa pakudyidzana zvarinogovera. Kunyange yakanakisisa shamwari kuti basa uye kazhinji havagoni kuva shamwari. Uye kwete nokuti vamwe unhu hwakaipa, asi nekuda kushaya kubatana zvomudzimu, pasinei nevakariri chikonzero.

Kutaura zvazviri, mhaka ushamwari, kufanana rudo, muri kutadza kunyatsonzwisiswa navanachiremba. Neshamwari kakawanda vanhu vakasiyana zvachose munzanga strata (muBhaibheri, somuenzaniso, anotsanangura ushamwari mwanakomana waMambo Sauro uye Dhavhidhi mufudzi).

Hazvishamisi kana kushanda nomurume kusvika naye, uye iye anova akafanana shamwari-shamwari. Kana ichi ukama pamwero zvasvika inogona pakutsvaga nyore kutarisirwa pazororo. Kana nguva "kuparadzana" vanhu vanoramba dzindodana, kunyorerana uye kunyange kupedza nguva pamwe chete - ipapo vanobatana ushamwari kwete chete. Nenzira, kutaura Pushkin "kubva shamwari kuita chinhu," anodaro mamwe mashoko pfungwa pakudyidzana.

Chimwe nechiyero shanduka kwezvinhu izvi pfungwa ndechokuti shoko rokuti "shamwari" anoreva zvakafanana yavo, havasi kushanda okuti "komuredhi". Izvi "hanzvadzi" uye "Panibratov". Uyezve, zita "bromance" (kubva Chirungu mukoma dzorudo) rakatangwa mangwanani nineties kurondedzera ushamwari hwepedyo hunhu asiri kurara.

Ndivanaani vainzi mamwe masoja munguva Soviet?

Pamwe kuuya nesimba vaKomonisiti uye kuchinja mune zvematongerwe nemamiriro Russian Empire Akabvisa kurapwa akadai "Ishe / madam", "changamire / madam", "Kudza Your", "waunokudzwa" uye vamwe.

Kusimbisa yezvisikwa kuenzana, kwete chete muna munzanga, asiwo vakadzi, kurapwa "komuredhi" wakatangwa vose.

Nhoroondo ukoshi ichi

The tsika kushandisa shoko iri sezvo kurapa yakabuda mushure French Revolution. Pashure pakaparadzwa poumambo uye kurapwa kuFrance kuti Republic kwaidiwa kushandisa vakawanda kukumbira zvizvarwa zvose, kuitira kuti asimbise kuenzana yavo. Pakutanga shoko iri raiva "mugari» (citoyen), asi zvakanga zvisina kukwana "echimurenga" uye muna 1790 chikatsiviwa camarade (komuredhi).

Shoko rakava yakakurumbira antimonarchist denderedzwa nechiedza ruoko French. Saka, vakawanda anarchist, Communist, mugovanisi uye kunyange zvemagariro democratic Masangano ari XIX remakore. Zvakatanga kurishandisa sokunoratidza pakati nhengo dzayo.

Pashure kuuya nesimba vaKomonisiti ari Russian hweRoma, izvozvo akawana pamutemo hweHIV. Panzira, muNazi Germany mukufamba kurapwa yakanga yakafanana Parteigenosse (komuredhi ari mubato).

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union muna Kishi kurapwa "komuredhi" phased panze. Mugore Russian Federation nhasi rinoshandiswa pane "mugari" kana "ishe"; uye Ukraine - "The Citizen", "pani".

Mugari, komuredhi: chii musiyano

Kunyange mushure French uye October nokumukirana muFrance uye Russia kweropa "mugari" uye "komuredhi" akava kushanda zvakafanana, pane chinokosha musiyano pakati pavo. Saka, mumwe mugari kunogona kuva shamwari, asi kwete yose pamwe mugari.

Chokwadi chokuti vagari - vari vanhu vaigara zvachose munharaunda imwe ehurumende, kodzero kunakidzwa kwezvose ayo uye vanosungirwa kuita mabasa ose basa kwavari mutemo. No shamwari ropafadzo yakadaro haaiti, nokuti inogona kuva mugari weimwe nyika.

tsika iyi kuva pedyo nepedyo pakutanga ari XX remakore. nokuti vakanga vari kushandiswa sezvo pamutemo kuteterera USSR. The "shamwari" aiva zvakasikwa kukumbira varume nevakadzi, ukuwo rokuti "mugari" akanga zvechikadzi - ". Mugari"

Ndiani "shamwari" nemauto

Sezvo wokugaya Shoko akaramba ari muchiuto dzakawanda Kishi nyika. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia, Ukraine uye Belarus, asi rokuti "komuredhi" rinoshandiswa senzira tichisunga pamutemo makopi pakati pemisara yavanhu vose. Maererano nemitemo, nguva dzose akawedzera kumutungamiriri chinzvimbo - ". Shamwari Major"

Ndivanaani shamwari

Kunze vaviri vakakurumbira tsika, ichi izwi akanga vamwe vakawanda.

Muna Russian Empire pamberi chimurenga, komuredhi akadana navabati kana vabatsiri machinda. Also haichazonzi sezvo nhengo imwe zvebhizimisi - Kudyidzana.

Ukrainian Cossacks vari XVII-XVIII emakore. Taishandisa wenyaya "hondo komuredhi ', rakanga akafanana pachinzvimbo chevatatu" komumanzi ". Uyewo pakanga mumwe rokuremekedza - "bunchukovy komuredhi" uyo kuzoripira hetmans vanakomana vatariri uye colonels. Nenzira, pashure pokuparadzwa Zaporizhzhya sich zvizvarwa bunchukovyh mamwe masoja akagamuchira knighthood muna Russian Empire.

In Poland, muna yekare mamwe masoja akadana vakuru vakapfuma, uyo akatengwa nemari yavo kuti hembe boka racho ake, zvinosanganisira varombo avakuru. Uyewo shoko iri wakanzi chinzvimbo (refutenendi).

Pamwe zvakajairika emazita, pane zvishomanana emazita nezita ravo. Somuenzaniso, zviri nemakwati chetyrohmachtovy Lauriston, zita muSoviet Union mu "Shamwari". Ngarava iyi rakaparadzwa muna 1943. Gare gare, rinonzi riri kukudzwa German vatatu-masted barque Gorch Fock, nhaka Soviet Union pashure pehondo.

The zita iri kutamba Tovarich American munyori wemitambo Roberta Shervuda, akanyorwa muna 1935, makore maviri shure chinyorwa chacho chakanga filmed.

Muna 1970, munyori O. Ivanov akanyora rwiyo "Shamwari" ( "Ndine rwiyo semhepo ichazadza nyika sei komuredhi kundorwa ...") mashoko A. Prokofiev.

Mienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo shoko "shamwari"

Kuwedzera kune zvenhando mitsetse pamwe emazita Data ( "Tine shamwari kubva akatanga nhasi pamwe chete vakaenda mabhaisikopu"), pane vaya refu ikava hove mutsara. Somuenzaniso, mazwi kubva purogiramu Communist Party of USSR: ". Munhu kumunhu - shamwari, komuredhi uye mukoma"

Nezveshoko kushandiswa rokuti sokunoratidza, ipapo pane dzimwe mienzaniso inoverengeka. In kukudzwa kunozivikanwa gamba ari firimu "musungwa Caucasus" ainzi resitorendi pamusoro Dnieper - "Shamwari CAAX".

Kupfuura mumwe mutongo neshoko "komuredhi" rinowanikwa Soviet pacho siyana pamushandirapamwe mapepa. Pamufananidzo pazasi unogona kuona muenzaniso wavo.

Achitaura nezvenyaya iyi, tisingatauri mutongo rechitendero neshoko "komuredhi" rakanyorwa V. I. Lenina, nhasi rava satirical zvaanoreva.

Shoko racho pacharo muzvizvarwa ikoko kwave akanaka, asi nokuda kwazvo yokufungidzira kwavari panguva yaitonga Soviet Union nhasi, zvinoita vanhu songaniro hachifadzi chaizvo. Achachinja ichi kuonekwa.