Satellite Communications. Centers, hurongwa uye kukura muchadenga kukurukurirana

Nhasi, hazvishamisi vazhinji Satellite madhishi pamusoro pamatenga edzimba. Satellite Communications kwazvo muupenyu zvake mumugwagwa. Kunyange kumaruwa vane mukana kuona TV uye vanoshandisa Internet mabasa, apo kuva mukuru chiratidzo pamwero. Asi izvi zvose chakaiswa zvibvire pokushanda nzvimbo kukurukurirana nzvimbo, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

World Network

Munyika yanhasi pomumbure unotenderera nyika. In Russia mukana kutora yepamusoro terevhizheni anonongedzera inoita Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications." Uyu ndiwo mumwe kupfuura Satellite dzaishandisa gumi munyika, pamwe yayo TV muzinda compression. Uyezve, rine multiplexing pamusoro digitaalinen dzemvura, zvinowanisa Mabhokisi ose yeUnited zvirongwa nhepfenyuro.

nzvimbo chikamu

The kambani ine renyeredzi rimwe satellites 12 neeSultan zvose. Satellite nhau nzvimbo ndiyo nharaunda yose Russia, Kishi, Europe, Africa uye kuMiddle East, Australia, North neSouth America, uye Asia-Pacific nharaunda. Orbital nzvimbo iri chitundumusere-musere iri orbital chinhu chakakombama - kubva 14 ° kumadokero 145 ° kumabvazuva Longitude.

The pano zvinoriumba

Infrastructure, riri pasi - zviri nzvimbo shanu kuti muchadenga kukurukurirana. Vari chiri panyika yose Russia. In kwayakaita kambani runodzorwa yeUnited chipfuro purogiramu kukura nhepfenyuro muna Russian Federation muna 2009-2018. Mabasa anoitwa rakafara chaizvo:

• utariri, nzvimbo ei uye nzvimbo richiona pezvivako uye motokari;
• dzezvokukurukurirana uye nhepfenyuro (redhiyo uye terevhizheni nhepfenyuro, digitaalinen uye kuongorora TV) kuti nyika 52;
• hurumende uye vemutungamiri kutaurirana;
• Hunde uye Marine kukurukurirana.

nzvimbo kutaurirana hurongwa

Kupfuudzwa kwemashoko mashoko pamusoro gwara Earth - chinhambwe Satellite uye shure rinoitwa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. The nzvimbo inoshandiswa telemetry, runhare, neteregirafu, terevhizheni hurongwa. The inonyanya kufarirwa redhiyo hurongwa. The chikuru chinosiyanisa zvaiva nzvimbo nokuda zvinobhururuka nzvimbo zvinhu ndeinotevera:

• dzichichinja nzvimbo chitundumusere-musere;
• kuramba changed chiratidzo pamabiko maitikiro;
• shoma zvakananga maonero mapazi pamwe pasi kubatanidza pfungwa;
• vakaomerwa simba zvinotakura iri chitundumusere-musere;
• zvakawanda chikuru pakukurukurirana.

Kugadzirwa Space Communications

Munhu wose anoziva kuti kuonana nomunhu muchadenga yakazadzika April 12, 1961. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aiva, padzimba dzaro ndege kuramba vachiwana maviri-nzira parunhare teregirafu kutaurirana Earth uye chitundumusere-musere "Vostok" iri kuwanda mita uye decameter mafungu.

Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo kutaura pasi kwakavandudzika, uye muna August 1961, panguva kutiza cosmonaut gs Titov paaizooneka akaderedzwa kuti mapuranga 10 pasekondi yoga yoga TV mufananidzo. Nhasi, kwakajairika mwero terevhizheni mugadziriro zvinoshandiswa, uye nokubata daro mamiriyoni 350 makiromita (panguva Vols Mars).

Zviripo uye upfumi zvinoriumba

Term kwomwedzi basa muchadenga makore anenge 15. Panguva ino, kuvandudzwa itsva yekufambisa. Mumwe kwomwedzi rirambe riri mugwara raro pamwe mari kusvika $ mamiriyoni 230, uye basa muridzi - iri kumhanya zvakanyanya uye kurishandisa somunhu Rental jeri. MuRussia, makambani maviri chete guru kuti mari kuti Satellite mu geostationary muchadenga - Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications Company" uye OAO "Gazprom Space Systems".

Nezvinetso pfupi mafungu

Radio kutaurirana chete nzvimbo zvinhu uye ndege riri pana madaro kupfuura 1000 km chiri kuitwa orangy siyana. Asi munyika yanhasi, chikuva ichi hakuna kukwana. Zvikonzero ichi ndeinotevera:

• orangy pasina chinokosha kupindira anogona kushanda pamusoro chiuru redhiyo uye basa ravo nhasi munguva yakawanda.
• Kuwedzera ruzha pamwero zvinoda kushandiswa zvinotakura kupfuura simba.
• Chikuru kuremara zvakawanda zvakadaro - multipath kupararira uye migumisiro chiratidzo rinooma panguva receiver. Izvi zvinoita kutonetsa kukurukurirana Range ichi hachisi kwazvo akareba.

Ultra-pfupi chinozunguzirwa zvenguva shoma dzakatakura, asi mabiko rinoitwa chete ari mapazi ose maonero.

Mbudo - satellites

Pamberi repeater chiratidzo muchadenga, zvinoti satellites, anopa maonero uye dzakazonaka itsva zvingangoitika kukura nzvimbo kukurukurirana. It vachakwanisa kupa yakavimbika kukurukurirana kure zvinhu muchadenga uye kufukidza pemvura nyika yakachengeteka uye nhepfenyuro muzongoza afoot. Satellites vanoshingaira uye pusa chiratidzo repeaters anogona kuiswa, uye satellites pachavo vangava mira (ngadzirambe hama pasi) uye dzichibhururuka yakaderera kutenderera.