Rudzi rwemakungu ezvokudya nyama: nyama-sebaceous, nyama (bacon). Zvisikwa zvekukura

Mhando dzose dzeenguruve dzakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu makuru: sebaceous, nyama-sebaceous uye nyama. Kukura kwemaviri maviri ekupedzisira kunotora zvishoma kudarika yekutanga. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, chero zvizvarwa zvezvikara zvinoda kutarisirwa zvakanaka. Nyuchi dzinobereka nehuwandu hwakanaka hwekubudirira, dzakagadzirwa muRussia, se nyama uye marengroceries, kune dzakawanda.

Zvinhu Zvikuru

Kubva pamakumbo emhuka akachengetedzeka zvakasiyana pakuti mafuta ane mauri anowanikwa muchitunha zvakafanana. Nokudaro zita ravo rechipiri - bacon. Mhuka dzenyama nyama yenguruve ndeyi:

• Yakarongedzwa muviri, yakatambanudzirwa zvishoma kune yakasvava;
• Makumbo marefu;
• Narrow sacrum, kumashure uye kuoma;
• Akabatanidza nenyuchi uye hams;
• Lightened head.

Zvitsva zvinopisa nyama zvinowanzozivikanwa zvikuru munyika yedu. Kuwedzera ivo nyore nyore kupfuura bhakoni. Panguva imwechete kubva pamakumbo akadai haugoni kuwana nyama yakanaka chete, asiwo mafuta, ayowo ari chinhu chinokosha. Iri boka rezvipfuwo rine zita rechipiri - rose.

Kuparadzaniswa kwekuberekera nyama uye nyama-maringe kune imwe nzvimbo inobvumirana. Unhu hwechitunha chemhuka yakakura hunoenderana nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwekudya. Dzimwe nguva bhakoni nguruve inowana mafuta akawanda. Uye zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kune marashi - nyama.

Ndeapi mapoka eenguruve akaberekwa munyika yedu?

MuRussia, sezvakunoitwa mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda pasi pose, kukohwa kwegorosi kwakazara uye ndeimwe yemhando dzemaitiro emabasa ekurima. Iyo inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pevarimi vari munyaya iyi ndiyo nyama dzakadaro se landrace, nyama yakatanga kuibva uye bacon yeEstonian.

Uyewo mumapurazi mazhinji ari kuita mukuchera mazai akawanikwa pamusoro pevenguru Duroc. Mhuri yeUrhum ye piglets yakapararira munyika yedu. Zviratidzo zvemhuka, zvechokwadi, zvakanyanya kurambana. Zvisinei, aya mashanu ndiwo anozivikanwa zvikuru. Nezvokudya uye mhuka dzakasununguka, vazhinji vavo muRussia vanokura machena machena, Breitovsk uye Siberia vari kumativi akasiyana-siyana.

Pig dourocks nemafuta avo

Rudzi urwu rwakanyoreswa muna 1883 munharaunda yeUnited States. Chinhu chaicho chakasiyana-siyana chinhu chisina kujairika tsvuku-maronda. Duroc dzinza rine:

• Yakadzika uye yakafara muviri wehupamhi hwakareba;
• Yakasimba kwazvo makumbo;
• Zvishoma nemakona mazamu eti musoro;
• Nzeve dzakaderedzwa dzinopera.

Sows Duroc muRussia mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana nekubereka uye anogona kukwira kusvika kune 7-9 piglets. Nzivi dzechirudzi ichi dzinowanzowanikwa nekuyambuka nechemburu-yeimba yenguruve. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha ndeyechidiki F2 chechipiri chizvarwa.

Nguruve dzemhando dzomumunda: zvinhu

Iyi mhuka yakaumbwa muDenmark kuzotanga nezana remakore rapfuura. Vabereki kwaari vakava chichena chakachena uye chinoputika. Izvo zvakasiyana zvezvizvarwa zveRondrace ndezvi: ganda rakachena rine zvinyoro zvinyorova, mazamu akaoma zvakanyatsonaka uye mutsara wepasina, yakareba, nzeve dzinoputika. Kuzivikanwa kwaro pakati pevarimi venguruve yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana akafanirwa munzvimbo yekutanga yekutsungirira, kuwanda, kuwanda kwemahombekombe. Kuzvinyora zviri nyore kupfuura dzimwe dzakawanda. Ichokwadi ndechokuti nyika inotyisa inopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza.

Mutsva wokutanga kuibva

Iyi nguruve dzakatorwa kubva kwatiri muRussia. Chizvarwa chacho chakanyoreswa muna 1993. Zviratidzo zvaro ndezvi:

• Muviri wakazara kwazvo;
• Huru yakawanda nyama;
• Zvishoma saggy nzeve.

Kutanga-kukura uku kukwidzwa kunodanwa nokuti zvinokwanisika kuvepa mafuta akadaro kuuraya kuyerwa nekukurumidza kupfuura mhuka dzemamwe marudzi. Izvo simba reizvi yenguruve dzinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kutsungirira. Iwe unogona kusimudza mangwanani nekukura mukuchena kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika yedu.

Estonian bacon

Mhuka dzechizvarwa ichi dzakawanikwa nekuyambuka Landrace, yeEurope yakareba, yeFinnish, yeGermany neyeredzi nguruve dzakachena. Iyi mhuka inobata zvinhu zvose zvinozivikanwa zvevamwe vanhu. Chimiro chezviitiko zveBylonicon bacon inoputika nzeve, ganda rakatsvuka, hams rakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye mapfupa mashoma.

IEestonian bacon breed yenguruve inoratidzira kusazvidzora tsika yekudya, kukurumidza kuwedzera kukura (kusvika pa 330 kg), fecundity (kusvika kusvika 12 piglets) uye kutsungirira. Zvimwe zvehutera zvayo ndezvisina simba zve pastern uye chigadziko che sacrum. Kune mitsara yakawanda munharaunda iyi: pikker, siber, pirate, nezvimwewo. IEstonia pig, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inowanzoshandiswa mukushambadzira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika yedu.

Urzhum nguruve

Chizvarwa ichi chakasikwa munzvimbo yeKirov uye yakanyoreswa muna 1957. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvizvi:

• Masimba, masimba mapfupa;
• Dry head with a snongated snout;
• Mvura yakadzika, yakareba;
• Mushure mutsva;
• Kukurira, mukurumbira mudumbu.

Chizvarwa ichi chinonyanyozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwekugadzikana uye kunaka kwakanaka kwenyama. Uruzhum nguruve dzinobvumirwa kuva, kusanganisira teknolojia yekudyisa. Pakati pezvibatsiro zvechizvarwa ichi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinosanganisira kugadzikana uye kuchengetwa kwekudyara maererano nevana. Ivhareji inorema yemabhiri emhando iyi ndeye 310 kg. Kudyara pane imwe nguva kunogona kukwidza kusvika kumabhati gumi nemaviri.

Makuru machena yenguruve

Vamiririri vemarudzi aya vakaunzwa kuRussia mumazana makumi masere ezana remakumi mana nezana remakore rechina. Zvisinei, havana kuwana kuparadzirwa kwakasiyana panguva iyoyo. Chechipiri, imwe yenguruve yakachena munyika yedu yakatanga kubereka mumakore makumi maviri emakore ekupedzisira. Kwemakore anoverengeka iyi ndiyo ndiyo yega fakisi yakaberekwa yenguruve muRussia. Mhando dzemhuka dzakabhedzwa munyika yedu kusvika musi, zvechokwadi, zvakawanda. Zvisinei, iyo yakareba yakachena yakasara inozivikanwa zvikuru.

Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvi: sutu yakachena, musimboti wakasimba, musoro wakanga uine musoro wakakura, nzeve huru, kureba kwakadzika kure, mahams akavakwa zvakanaka uye akadzika, makumbo akaiswa zvakanaka. Chizvarwa chakachena chevenguru chinokoshesa kunyanya kufema. Urarame uremu hwevarume vakuru vanogona kusvika 350 kg. Chibereko chinounza 11-12 piglets panguva.

Breitovskaya nyama uye dombo rine mafuta

Iyi mhuka yakaumbwa munzvimbo ye Yaroslavl. Sevabereki, vanokanganisa vakasarudza Danish landrace, mazai makuru emachena uye emunharaunda. Zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveBlack's-and-fat pigs ndezvi:

• Muchena mutsvuku;
• Makuru makuru;
• Musoro ane mazamu akafanana;
• Nenguva refu inonzva nzeve;
• Akafara uye akadzika chepfu;
• Muscular back.

Kubatsira kukuru kweiyo yenguruve inobereka kubereka. Chimwe chiberekero chinogona kuuya nemakita maviri gore kune 11-12 piglets.

Siberian Northern

Chizvarwa ichi chakakundwa munzvimbo yeNovosibirsk. Vabereki kwaari vaiva vekwavo, vasingabatsiri zvikuru, asi vakanyatsogadziriswa nekutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze kweenguruve, uye mapuranga makuru machena. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuSouth America ndezvizvi: chimiro chakavakwa, chibvumirano chakasimbiswa, chakasununguka kumashure, chinokonzera sacrum, makumbo akasimba, hams zvakanaka. Nguruve dzemhando iyi dzinokosheswa kunyanya kubereka (kusvika kune 12 piglets), kugadzikana uye kukurumidza kuwedzera (kusvika ku 360 kg).

Zviratidzo zvezvinyorwa zvenyama nenyama-uye-greybroods

Kudya kwemhuka dzakadaro kunoitwa neukombiyuta mbiri: nyama uye bhakoni. Kusvikira panguva yemwedzi 2 kusvika ku3-3, kurongedza kwezuva nezuva kwevhiriguru kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Mixed feed - 1.3 kg;
• Mbatata - 250 g;
• Dzokera - 1 kg;
• Beet - 250 g.

Zvadaro vakura vechidiki kukura kunoshandiswa kuchikafu kana kubatoni fattening. Kuurawa kunowanzobudiswa kana uremu hwevenguru inosvika 100-120 kg.

Zvichemo zvekudya mafuta

Iyi nyanzvi yezvakabatanidzwa inosanganisira nguva mbiri huru. Panguva yekugadzirira, nheyo yezvokudya nokuda kwekudya kwehupenyu ndeyekupfumisa uye yakasvibisa kudya (30%). Iyo inogona kuva midzi yezvirimwa, mavhinga, mbambo yehairi, etc. Muchando, silage uye upfu hwemishonga inogonawo kushandiswa . Puroteni yega yega yekudyisa unit panguva iyi inofanira kuva inenge 115 g.

Muchikamu chechipiri chemafuta, mafuta akawandisa (85-90%) anova chikonzero chekudya. Mishonga yakawanda inoshandiswa inoshandiswa (gorosi, bhari, chibage, oats). Pamusana pezvikonzero zvehupfumi, branhu inogonawo kuwedzerwa. Dzimwe nguva muchikamu chechipiri nguruve dzinodyiswa mbatata. Asi munyaya iyi inenge 50% yezvokudya inofanira kuiswa. Pamugumo wokupedzisira, kubva pane "menyu" yevuruve, zvinotenderwa kusabvisa chero zvigadzirwa nemishonga zvinogona kukuvadza kunakidza kwenyama (hove, bran, soy, mapira).

Bacon fattening

Iyi teknolojia inokubvumira kuti uwane nyama inofadza yenguruve nyama ine nhepfenyuro yakaonda mafuta. Piglets ye fattening yakadaro inosarudzwa pazera remwedzi 2.5. Muchiitiko ichi, boar-makenzi vanonyanya kuumbwa. Nhauriro yezuva nezuva yezvipfuwo nemutambo uyu inoita seyiyi:

• Dzokera uye unongedzera (bhari inomiriro) - 1,5 kg;
• Zvokudya zveGreen - 3 kg;
• Mbeu yevhu - 2 kg;
• Munyu - 20 g.

Mumwedzi yekupedzisira yekuchengetedza nguruve, semuenzaniso wekudya mafuta, soy, bran, hove, nezvimwe zvakasunungurwa kubva pakudya.

Kutora nguruve kumafuta ane mafuta

Iyi teknolojia inowanzoshandiswa mukurima nyama uye sebaceous species. Muchiitiko ichi, nguruve dzinourawa mushure mokunge dzinosvika kurema kwe-kg kg. Nokuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta, tora makirogiramu zana eenguruve. Chikonzero chekudya kwavo munguva yemberi ndeye michina ine nhamba yakawanda yemakhahydrates. Izvi zvinogona kuva beet, chibage, mbatatisi, fodya yemaslasses, nezvimwewo. Ipai concentrates. Pakutanga kwemafuta, gorosi uye gorosi zvinowanzoshandiswa sezviyo zvekupedzisira, mapira uye nebhari pakuguma.

Paunoronga furasi panzvimbo yekutanga, chokwadi, unoda kuziva kuti ndevepi yenguruve mune imwe nyaya. Nyuchi dzemhuka, dzakaratidzwa nekubudirira kwakakura, kubereka nekutsungirira, kune zvakawanda. Kutarisira kwakanaka uye kudya kwakakodzera nechisarudzo chakanaka chezvipfuwo vaduku kuchaita kuti furazi ibudirire uye inobatsire.