Roman Uzivi: kare, kugutsikana uye chikoro zvinokosha

Uzivi Roman kunoratidzwa eclecticism, sezvinoita vamwe yaitonga ichi. tsika iyi yakaumbwa aipikisana Greek yakabudirira uye panguva iyoyo vainzwa kubatana nacho. Uzivi Roman haafariri chaizvo munzira sei mamiriro - iye kunyanya hurukuro nezvoupenyu, kukurira matambudziko uye ngozi, uyewo sei chokubatanidza chitendero, wefizikisi, kufunga uye magariro.

Dzidziso unhu

Mumwe dzepamusorosoro mumiririri chikoro vechiStoiki aiva Seneca. Akanga ari mudzidzisi Nero - inozivikanwa mukurumbira wayo wakaipa Roman Emperor. uzivi Seneca raMwari anorondedzerwa nemabasa akadai 'Mutsamba Lucilla, "" Mibvunzo zvakasikwa. " Asi Roman Stoicism hwakasiyana ainakidza dzakasiyana Greek. Saka, Zeno uye Chrysippus akafunga pfungwa marangwanda uzivi uye mweya - wefizikisi. Ethics, vakatenda mutsandanyama. Seneca vechiStoiki akanga itsva. Mweya uye pfungwa dzose simba rinonzi tsika. Hongu, uye akararama maererano nemitemo yake. Nokuti chii dzaisafarira vake mudzidzi kuti udzvanyiriri pamusoro vaKristu uye nokushorwa, Kesari akarayira Seneca kuzviuraya, kuti aiva nechiremera uye akaita.

School kuzvininipisa uye nomwero

Stoicism uzivi weGirisi yekare uye Roma aiziva kwazvo chokwadi uye vave nzvimbo iyi kusvikira pakuguma Antiquity. Chimwe rinozivikanwa anofunga pachikoro ichi Epictetus - muzivi wokutanga nyika yekare, waiva muranda pakuberekwa. It akasiya zvakakanganwika maonero ake. Epictetus zvaiona akadana pachena varanda nokuda chete vanhu, kufanana nevamwe vanhu vose, izvo haana kuwanikwa rwechiGiriki. Nokuti iye stoicism akazviratidza mararamiro, sainzi, vachibvumira kuramba akadzikama, kwete kutsvaka mafaro uye musatya rufu. Akati havafaniri kuva zvakawanda anodikamwa, uye chii chiri vatovako. Ipapo iwe hauzoodzwi mwoyo muupenyu. credo ake kwouzivi Epictetus akadana nokusakendenga, sayenzi kufa. Uyu akatumidza Logos nokuteerera (Mwari). Kuzvininipisa kune mugumo chinoratidza mukuru rusununguko pakunamata. Epictetus aiva muteveri Emperor Mark Avrely.

vangabvunza

Vezvenhau vanodzidza kukura pfungwa dzevanhu, maererano rimwe repamutemo chinoshamisa akadai uzivi yekare. Ancient Greece uye Roma vaiva yakafanana mumwe musi dzinoverengeka pfungwa. Izvi ndizvo kuti mukupera nguva kare. Somuenzaniso, echiGiriki neechiRoma akafunga aiziva kutanga akadai kusava nechokwadi. mirayiridzo iyi nguva dzose zvinoitika panguva kuderera mikuru dzomunyika. Uzivi Roman ayo nevasori vaiva Enesidem kubva Knossos (mudzidzi Pyrrhon) Agripa Sekst Empirik. Vose vakanga dzakafanana mumwe zvekuti vaishora chero dogmatism mhando. chikuru sirogani yavo waitsigira okuti dzose anoranga anopikisana uye kuramba pachavo, asi zvose kusava nechokwadi uye panguva imwe chete anofunga mubvunzo.

"Musi Nature Zvinhu"

Epicureanism ndomumwe chikoro yakakurumbira muRoma yekare. uzivi ichi chakazozivikanwa zvikurukuru nemhaka Tito Lucretius Kara, vaigara rakanaka kwasharara nguva. Aiva muturikiri kuti Epicurus, uye nhetembo "On Akamboita Zvinhu" mundima vakatsanangura ake maitiro kwouzivi. Chokutanga, akatsanangura dzidziso maatomu. Ivo kunyimwa chimwe zvivako, asi ivo zvinobatana kuti pave unhu zvinhu. Nhamba kwemaatomu zvakasikwa ndiyo nguva dzose zvakafanana. Pamusana kwavari, pane kuchinja nyaya. hapana zvinobva chinhu. Worlds vari mazhinji, ivo simuka uye kufa maererano nomutemo dzinongoitika nokurovererwa, uye maatomu ndezvekusingaperi. The muchadenga magumo, nguva aripo chete zvinhu uye urongwa, pane vayo.

Epicureanism

Lucretius aiva mumwe yakanakisisa nevafungi uye vadetembi Roma yekare. uzivi ake evoked zvose kuyemurwa uye pfundepfunde mumarudzi ake. Aigara nharo dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyanya vamwe vanonamata. Lucretius aidavira kuti vakatenda hapana defunct sainzi, nekuti zvimwe taizova nguva vachifunga kuti nerimwe zuva rimwe zuva idzva rinobuda. Zvichakadai, tinoziva kuti uyu ndiye mumwe uye chiedza chete. Lucretius zvakare kubatanidzwa Platonic Pfungwa tama kwemweya. Akati, nekuti ichi munhu vacharamba kufa, chii musiyano apo mweya wake anopinda. Zvose zvinhu uye zvepfungwa munhu anoberekerwa, ukakwegura uye afa. Lucretius achifunga pamusoro kwakatangira yebudiriro. Akanyora kuti vanhu vokutanga vaigara vachingotya noutsinye, kusvikira takadzidza moto. Nzanga waiva mugumisiro nechibvumirano pakati vanhu. Lucretius rinoparidzwa vaEpikuro kusatendera mutsa uye panguva imwecheteyo vakatsoropodza tsika yeRoma sezvo zvakare rwakatsauka.

zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe

Chakajeka mumiririri eclecticism reRoma rekare, muuzivi unova nyaya ino, aiva Cicero. Hwaro zvose vaifunga aitenda zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe. enyika ino uye akaedza kuti abatane weRoma chido kuti kunaka uye rechiGiriki unyanzvi kuti philosophise. Zvakanga Cicero uyo rokuti "gumanitas" yatiri kushandisa inowanzobvunzwa mune hurukuro enyika uye paruzhinji. Mumunda sayenzi inogona kunzi ine polymath anofunga. Sezvo tsika uye tsika, munharaunda ino, aidavira kuti chirango nechimwe chinhu chakanaka pachavo nzira. Saka, mumwe munhu akadzidziswa vanofanira kuziva chero nzira zivo, uye kuti vavabate. Uye zvose zvemarudzi ose nhamo yokukurirwa simba nechido.

Zvikoro ouzivi-vechitendero

Munguva iyi nayo vakaramba ichishanduka uye tsika nouzivi yekare. Rome Ancient kunonzwisiswa zvakanaka dzidziso Plato uye vateveri vake. Kunyanya panguva ino yakanga mufashoni kwouzivi uye zvechitendero zvikoro, kubatanidza kuMadokero uye East. Huru nyaya dzakamutswa nedzidziso idzi - uye musiyano reshiyo nomudzimu uye nyaya.

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira dzokugara zvaiva neopifagoreystvo. It akatsigira pfungwa yaMwari mumwe uye nyika izere kuzvipokanidza. Neo-Pythagoreans aidavira mashiripiti nenhamba. Very inozivikanwa mufananidzo wechikoro akanga Apollonius pakati Tyana, uyo vaimuseka Apuleius mu "Metamorphoses" ake. Pakati vakadzidza Roman vakatonga dzidziso pamusoro Philo wokuAlexandria, uyo aiedza kubatanidza chiJudha pamwe vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Aitenda kuti Jehovha akasika Logos, uyo akasika nyika. Ndosaka Shona kamwe anonzi Philo "babamunini chechiKristu."

The Hottest Maitiro

Basic zvikoro Ancient Rome zvinosanganisira uzivi uye Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza. Nevafungi rwokufamba ichi akasika dzidziso yose ezvinhu vanozoshanda - emanations - pakati paMwari uye nyika. Yakakurumbira vaiva Neoplatonists Ammonium Saccas, Plotinus, Iamblichus, Proclus. Vaiti vakawanda. In mashoko ouzivi Neoplatonists havawanzoiti muitiro chokusika somunhu womumhuri itsva uye kusingaperi kudzoka. Vakatenda Mwari chikonzero, musimboti, chaizvoizvo uye chinangwa zvose. Musiki anodurura munyika, nokuti murume ari yorudzii manyemwe anogona kukwira naye. Zviri mamiriro vakatumidza kufarisisa. Pedyo Iamblichus vakanga husingaperi vavengi Neoplatonists - vaGnostic. Vaidavira kuti zvakaipa ane yakazvimirira kutanga, uye emanations vose mhedzisiro ndechokuti zvisikwa zvakwatanga pamusoro kwaMwari.

Uzivi Roma yekare yakanga muchidimbu kurondedzerwa pamusoro. Tinoona kuti pfungwa yaitonga uyu doro nemarererwo vamutangira. Yaiva dzinongoitika Vazivi vechiGiriki, nevaStoiki, Platonists, Pythagoreans. Chokwadi, vaRoma muna chinhu chakachinja kana vakava pfungwa dzekare pfungwa. Asi popularization yavo yakanga pakupedzisira zvinobatsira yekare uzivi rose. Mushure zvose, tinoonga muzivi wokuRoma Ages Europe vakazoora kuziva vaGiriki uye akatanga kudzidza zvakawanda.