Rio 2016: Unogona kuti chepfu mvura yokunwa?

Olympic Games 2016 raizoitirwa Rio de Janeiro, vaiva nyaya huru gakava kunyange vasati rayo kutanga. Mumwe ane chete kuyeuka kutya chokuita Zika hutachiwana, doping zvinonyadzisa, zvematongerwo kusagadzikana kuBrazil, yakakwirira kwemhosva uye murombo kwezvivako. Uye mumakore achangopfuura tava idzva gakava pamusoro utsanana ezvinhu mvura pfuma muguta.

"Three spoon mvura"

Munyika vezvenhau kutaura chokwadi kuti "nhatu chete spoon kuti" Rio-tune tsvina mvura achava zvakakwana kurwara kunyange zvachose utano vatambi. Naizvozvo, vashanyi uye vatambi haisi varumbidzwa kushandisa mvura inoyerera kana kugeza mariri.

Asi zvakadini mukana mhando, chii zvirwere Ungasvika? Upundu uye zviduku kwazvo huro, kana zvekumwe achitsva chirwere?

Recent kunetsa aonekwa pashure zvose Associated Press yakabudisa mushumo pamusoro mwedzi 16-kudzidza waterways Rio, iyo ichava nzvimbo hondo pakati Olympians zhinji - vezvikepe, paddlers uye vanoshambira. Uyewo, zvomumvura mvura yakanga akadzidzawo, sezvo mazana ezviuru zvevashanyi anodirana kudzivirirwa nebumbiro iri rine runyararo kumhenderekedzo Rio de Janeiro.

ngozi rokutanga: adenoviruses

Imwe nzvimbo dzakawanda nengozi ndiye Lagoa Rodrigo of Freitas, apo ivo vachava kukwasva uye chaienda nemiedzo. Mharidzo yakatorwa imomo kudzidza muna March 2015 kwakaratidza kuti muna imwe fő mvura anogara mabhiriyoni 1.74. Adenovirus. Tichienzanisa, chiuru chimwe chete paminiti fő kunonzwisiswa sezvo kuchengeteka chitsama.

Adenoviruses zvingava anokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda, kusanganisira gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, zvirwere zvokufema, cystitis, uye ganda rashes. In kururamisira zvinofanira akati kuti pfupi hazvifadzi chaizvo chirwere, asi vashoma chaizvo zviitiko kuti utano munhu kufa kwavari.

zvirwere Most kunogona kuitika mumazuva kana mavhiki kana untreated. Kunyange zvakadaro, ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti, dzimwe nguva, adenoviral noutachiona kunogona kukonzera-refu uropi kuzvimba mu makonzo. Ungangove, tose muupenyu tatarisana adenoviruses kazhinji, asi vari nemutemo redu rokuzvidzivirira, kana zvikasadaro kukonzera zvinetso intestinal kana vangakosora.

ngozi utachiona

Zvinosuruvarisa pane zvimwe utachiona kurarama wastewater, iyo hunonzi anogona kukuvadza chaizvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira korera, nemanyoka, hepatitis A, sefivha. Vose vanogona kuva upenyu pamutanhiko, zvisinei mamiriro utano hwevanhu.

The coliform utachiona vari ngozi?

Vaongorori zvakare kuedzwe mvura Rio kuti zviri coliform mabhakitiriya. Mabhakitiriya aya nguva dzose inowanikwa mutsvina yadzo zvemhuka inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo, saka tinogona kutarisira kuti havana zvikuru wastewater muRio.

Water mimwe dzakatorwa June 2016 pamusoro mahombekombe ose Copacabana uye Ipanema Chokwadi, akaratidza pasi chaizvo kwevari coliform mabhakitiriya. In gungwa mvura iyi, masayendisiti vakawana navo chete 31 kusvika 85 muzana 100 milliliters. By American mitemo, 400 fecal coliforms por 100 milliliters mvura inogona kunzi njodzi mari nokuda achigeza. Zvisinei, pamusoro mwedzi yokuedzwa 13, nhamba iyi pakazvimba, kunyange vaongorori uye haana kutaura sei.

Kutyisidzirwa rotavirus

Mukuwedzera, mushumo wacho unoti kuti Rio mahombekombe ane yambira uwandu rotavirus. Mvura Copacabana uye Ipanema yaiva mamiriyoni 7.22 uye 32.7 mamiriyoni inokwana zviyero por fő, ukuwo.

Rotavirus ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya zvinowanzovapo zvikuru gastro-intestinal noutachiona vana. Zviratidzo chirwere ingasanganisira zvakakomba manyoka, kurutsa, abdominal kusanzwa uye fivha. The World Health Organization kwaro ichangobva gwaro rinoratidza kuti nemavhairasi izvi vakaurayiwa vana 215,000 pasi pemakore mashanu kusvikira 2013. Zvisinei, mune utano vakura utachiona ndiyo munyoro uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kunokonzera zviratidzo.

Chii chaizvo vanotyisidzira kwamuri mvura Rio?

Nokudaro, "spoon matatu mvura" kuti anofarirwa mumapepanhau, kunogona kukonzera chirwere, asi zvingasava zvakadaro chakaipisisa, sezvo vachiti vari nhau. Kusiyana ngozi dzinopisa zvirwere, dambudziko chaiye mvura adenoviruses, anokonzera chirwere kunyange kunyanya rinorema, asi ezvinhu unotambudza.

Kana isu kutaura huwandu adenoviruses, vatsvakurudzi vanobvuma kuti ichi chinhu chaizvo chikamu. Izvi pamwero pathogenic Utachiona kumbonzwiwa vakawanda dzakabudirira, nokuti disinfect wastewater. Yakadaro uwandu adenoviruses nemvura kunogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano kana netsaona anopinda muviri achishandisa muromo kana mhuno.

Uyezve, kwakanga Zvakacherechedzwa kuti vatorwa vashanyi uye vatambi, kunyanya vanogara kunze kunyika South America, vane simba kutapata kuti utachiona, richienzaniswa vagari Rio, vakanga vakakomberedzwa navo kubva pazera.

Kunyange zvakadaro, imwe ngozi zvechokwadi utachiona zvirwere, zvakadai sekorera, nemanyoka, sefivha chiropa A, pane kudaro kakawanda. Chokwadi, izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana ngozi. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvimwe kupfuura mugumisiro kupinda mumuviri wako zvishoma sips emvura richava guru vakagumbuka dumbu kana kupisa, zvichiri kure yakanaka mamiriro, kana iwe tariro kuputsa nyika chinyorwa.