Replacement ivhu. Pavanotsiva nyoro ivhu

pakutanga pakuvaka imba hwaro asati fanira zvakadai kushanda sezvo check yaifanira kubereka vanokwanisa ivhu. Research kuitwa chaiyo murabhoritari. Kuri kuti kwakaratidza ariko pangozi pokuwa kuvaka panguva yaro kuvakwa panguva ino chaiyo nzvimbo, anogona kuitwa zviyero zvainanga nokusimbisa kana yaitsiva ivhu.

kupatsanura

nevhu All vari rakakamurwa mhando dzakawanda inokosha:

• Rock. Dzinomirira rimwe chimedu dombo massif. Asingateereri rishandise hunyoro, usingatangi kuserera, uye vanoonekwa nepuchinistymi. Foundation iri zvikonzero zviri kushanda kunokura. To zvinosanganisirawo zvinonyadzisa matombo nevhu, rine guru dombo zvimedu. Pakadaro, kana matombo vari yakavhenganiswa nevhu ivhu, ivhu anoonekwa slabopuchinistym kana nejecha - nepuchinistym.
• Bulk. Primers vane havachanyatsogoni dzinongoitika maumbirwo akaturikidzana. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, yakanyikwa artificially. Building pahwaro imwe pakuvaka kwakadaro kunogona kuva, asi kutanga anofanira kuita muitiro akadai ivhu compaction.
• Clay. Panofanira nezvimedu yakaisvonaka kwazvo (asingasviki 0.01 mm), zvakanaka tibatsirwe mvura uye distending vaiona. Kuserera kumba nevhu akadaro akasimba zvikuru kupfuura pamusoro matombo uye jecha. All nevhu nevhu dzinoiswa sezvo loam, jecha loam uye ivhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusanganisira loess.
• Jecha. Inoitwa hombe tudonhwe jecha (5 mm). Compressed nevhu wakadaro simba kwazvo, asi kutsanya. Naizvozvo, dzimba kwavari, vanotarisana pasi panguva kudzika kudzika. Sandy nevhu dzinoiswa maererano PARTICIPLE saizi. The yakanakisisa zvigadziko vaiona jecha gravelly (tudonhwe kubva 0.25 kusvika 5 mm).
• Quicksands. Silty nevhu nomuti mvura. Most aiwanzowanika wetlands. Nokuti kuvakwa kwezvivako sezvo kukodzera.

kupatsanura kwakadaro rinoitwa maererano GOST mhando. Primers vakaedzwa ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai kuti Pakusarudza mumuviri uye nomuviri maitiro. kuongorora ava hwaro pakuverenga inogona nheyo kuti muzvivako. Maererano GOST 25100-95, nevhu vose rakakamurwa matombo uye neskalnye, subsidence uye kugadzikana, sesaline uye asiri sesaline.

Huru chaiko unhu

Murabhoritari kuferefeta kuona parameters pamusoro nevhu dzakadaro:

• Humidity.
• Porosity.
• Plasticity.
• Density.
• The PARTICIPLE arambe achirema.
• modulus.
• Sheari nemishonga.
• The angled pamusoro kukweshera inoramba.

Kuziva arambe achirema pakati nezvimedu inogona tsunga, uye nechiidzo yakadai chaiyo kurema ivhu. It rinowanikwa, pakutanga kwezvose, kuona mineralogical Zvinoumba panyika. Chokwadi ndechokuti zvikuru Organic nezvimedu muvhu, rezasi mutoro-kubereka chinzvimbo.

Izvo nevhu anogona kunzi kune simba

Nzira yokuita rabhoritari nemiedzo uye vagara vandifungira GOST. Nevhu vari kudzidza kushandisa chinokosha michina. Shanda panguva imwecheteyo kuitwa chete vakadzidziswa unyanzvi.

Kana mugumisiro bvunzo kwakaratidza kuti zvemaziso uye chitarisiko zvevhu haabvumiri kuti kuvaka pamusoro payo zvivako uye dzimba pasina ngozi kuparara kana pakanga pakaputsika kuvimbika mamiriro, pasi kuzivikanwa simba. Kune vaya vakawanda vanosanganisira quicksands uye hombe ivhu. Simba kakawanda kuzivikanwa sezvo nzenza jecha, peat uye ivhu rurefu chikamu makemikari ivhu residues.

Kana pasi simba mugove, pakuvaka iri kazhinji kune imwe nzvimbo ine zvakanakisisa chawo. Asi dzimwe nguva izvi hazvibviri. Somuenzaniso, musi chiduku private zvekutepfenyura. Muchiitiko chino, anogona akafunga pamusoro kuvakwa murwi hwaro ine udzamu nedzokuisa kukwira batana akaturikidzana. Asi dzimwe nguva zvinoita sokuti yakawanda zvakakodzera zvinofanira nokutsiva kana achisimbisa pasi. Vose remapazi aya zvikuru kudhura tichitarisa zvose zvemari uye nguva mari.

Kuzvitsinhanisa pamusoro chikonzero: musimboti

Izvi zvingatora kuitwa nenzira mbiri. Pakusarudza nzira kunoenderana kudzama batana akaturikidzana. Kana duku, chiedza ivhu pamwe murombo mutoro-kubereka vanokwanisa iri nyore kubviswa. Next, vari gobvu chawo rukoko zvinozvikonzera akadurura havaratidzi compressible paiva musanganiswa jecha, mavhu, mavhu uye zvakafanana zvokuvakisa. Nzira iyi inogona chete kushandiswa kana pakukora iri nyoro pasi nzvimbo asingadi kupfuudza mamita maviri.

Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti munhu akasimba ivhu rakadzika. Panyaya iyi, pamutsago inogona pamusoro simba. Zvisinei, chinofanira kuita chaiwo kukarukureta yawo ukuru muna chinjikira uye tote ndege. Kupfuura izvozvo, rezasi kwokudzvinyirira nokuparadzirwa uchava mutoro pamusoro simba ivhu. Kushandisa nezvifukidzo dzakadaro kunogona panguva umhare mhando dzose nheyo.

Kana tichishandisa chakagadzirwa chawo kwakadaro pane mukana nokupwanywa mutsago kurema chivakwa. Muchiitiko chino, chete anotanga kuomerera kunyika makobvu nyoro pasi kumativi ose. The chaizvo chete imba prosyadet, uye vanoiswa, izvo zvingaita kuti kuparadzwa kwayo STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kuti mukomberedzo pamakusheni iiswe papepa achiunganidza. Mukuwedzera, ivo kudzivisa waterlogging jecha uye mavhu.

Zvinoita kushandura ivhu munharaunda iri yavo

Replacement ivhu pasi hwaro chinofanira kuitwa chete risati akakodzera pakutsvakurudza uye Masvomhu. Kuti aite basa iri pachavo Chokwadi, hazvishande. Saka, vakawanda zvichida, vachafanira kukoka unyanzvi. Zvisinei, paivakwa kwezvivako haisi kudhura Somuenzaniso, hupfumi, kuvhiyiwa anogona kuitwa uye "ne ziso". Kunyange zvazvo njodzi, tichiri haana yemutemberi, asi nekuda zvinonyatsorehwa kukura, ngationei muudzame ari pamusoro muitiro. Saka, nzendo basa iri nyaya ndeinotevera:

• Excavation rinoitwa kuti rizere chawo.
• Mumugero kusvikira pachiyero haizovi nheyo ramangwana akadurura jecha svikiro saizi. Backfill yakabereka akaturikidzana ose ukobvu diki nomumwe rammer. Asati vakaisa mucherechedzo jecha anofanira wetted nemvura. Rammer yaifanira sezvo kwazvo sezvinobvira. Mujecha hakufaniri chero inclusions, kunyanya makuru ndivo. Dzimwe nguva akashandisa pachinzvimbo ivhu-kongiri wemisanganiswa uye gang.

Kuri kuti nheyo akashandisa chakagadzirwa chawo kunofanira kuronga pamba Drain. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvishoma kuwedzera arambe achirema dzakapoterera ivhu pamutsago uye kudzivirira kubva kudzvinya mativi.

kusika munhu abudise hurongwa mabasa

Next, funga kuti iwe unogona kuita abudise gadziriro panzvimbo. Masvingo yepasi zvokuzvidzivirira zvakanakisisa dzakagadzirwa. Saka, zvaidiwa izvi:

• The mita akachera goronga kubva chivakwa. Excavation rinoitwa panguva udzamu pazasi kuturika nheyo. Upamhi -. About 30 CM materu mugoronga pasi zvinofanira kanenge 1 masendimita 1 mamita urefu.
• Pasi mugoronga izere uye tamped pyatisantimetrovym rukoko jecha.
• Akatambanudza pamusoro pejecha pamwe geotextile kugadzira kumicheto pamurwi ari maviri.
• Akadurura desyatisantimetrovyh paiva mavhu.
• Vanounganidza Perforated Drain nenyere.
• Akadurura kwayo mavhu mubhedha 10 cm.
• Kufukidza "keke" miromo geotextile uye Musono navo.
• Kukotsira zvose pasi, tichisiya makona chivakwa manholes.
• Panoperera ari chubhu zvakanaka kugutsikana receiver. Tora Plums vanoda metres kashanu Madziro echivako chacho.
• Pazasi mugomba akadurura mavhu uye akaisa kuti mapurasitiki mudziyo yakabvooka akachera pakudzika.
• Kuratidza chubhu kupinda mugaba.
• Pamusoro tsime chakafukidzwa namapuranga akafukidza nyika.

Chokwadi, mukati meimba pachayo rikakwira munoyerera mvura yetsvina hurongwa.

nokusimbaradza ivhu sei

Sezvo yaitsiva ivhu - kushanda nani rakaoma uye kudhura, kakawanda yakatsiva amplification nzira pasi nheyo chawo. Zvisinei, nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana ingashandiswa. Chimwe ndicho iri tamping ivhu, izvo zvinogona asingafungi kana rakadzika. Muchiitiko chokutanga rinoshandiswa senzira rammer cone. Unomutswa kure pasi uye vakakandirwa pasi vachibva imwe yakakwirira. Nzira iyi unowanzoshandiswa achigadzirira pakuvaka hombe ivhu.

Deep ivhu compaction rinoitwa nokubatsira dzinokosha mirwi. Vakadzingwa muvhu ndikadzura. The zvichiguma Buri dzakadururwa jecha yakaoma kana ivhu-kongiri dira.

The chafariz nzira

Kusarudza pasi fuma kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro wayo akafanana, zvinofanira Pakusarudza iyo inodzorwa GOST. Nevhu, kupatsanura izvo rave kukurukurwa apa, kazhinji zvinoda amplification chete kana chokuita neskalnoy boka.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana nzira ndiko kuwana chafariz. Rinoshandiswa kuti loess ivhu uye anobvumira nokusimbaradza kudzika anenge 15 m. Iyi pasi pumped kuburikidza mapaipi mhepo inopisa kwazvo (600-800 Celsius). Dzimwe nguva chafariz mabatiro ivhu zvinoitwa nenzira yakasiyana. Ivhu tsime. Ipapo vakapisa pressurized zvinobata moto zvigadzirwa. matsime Pre vari chisimbiso. Pashure kurapwa iyi calcined pasi anowana Zvivako zviri zvedongo muviri uye anorasikirwa kukwanisa kuunganidza mvura uye kuti kuzvimba.

cementation

Sandy ivhu (mufananidzo kwazvakaita ichi anopiwa pazasi) akasimbisa nzira siyanei - ne cementation. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo tsinga mutopota kuburikidza iyo pumped esimende-ivhu zvinogadzirisa kana simende slurry. Dzimwe nguva nzira iyi inoshandiswa kunama makatsemuka uye in mune matombo ivhu.

silicification ivhu

On mujecha rokurarama, jecha silty uye macroporous nevhu riri kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa nzira silicification. Nokuti amplification ane nyere pumped mhinduro kubva yavaibvisa silicate uye potassium chloride. The jekiseni anogona kuitwa kuti kudzika 20 m. The nharaunda kupararira waterglass kazhinji inosvika chete mativi mita. Ndiwo inonyatsobudirira asiwo nzira inonyanya zvinodhura vawane. Low dzakananga kurema ivhu, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, rinotaura pamusoro zviri Organic nezvimedu mairi. sezvamunoita akadaro anogona mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakare yakakura silicification.

Enzanisa mari kutsiva uye dzekugonesa ivhu

Ichokwadi amplification oparesheni iri isingadhuri zvizere pasi kuzvitsinhanisa. Enzanisa ngationei exchange sei zvikuru zvichaita mutengo pakusikwa chakagadzirwa mavhu ivhu pamusoro 1 mamita ^3. Sarudza pasi mumwe cubic mita nzvimbo kuchaita mari vanenge 7 USD yakapwanyika ibwe mutengo uri $ 10 pa 1 mamita ^3. Nokudaro, yaitsiva nyoro ivhu kuchaita mari 7 USD ari rusesi kuwedzera 7 USD nokuti kutamira mavhu, pamwe $ 10 pachake mavhu. Total 24 USD Kusimbisa ivhu kunodyira 10-12 USD, inova kaviri isingadhuri.

Kubva izvi zvose tinogona tigumise nyore. Kuri kuti pasi riri simba chikamu, sarudza kuvaka imba kumwe. Kana ichi zvisingaiti unofanira kufunga wokusarudza achizvivakira chivakwa pamusoro stilts. Vakasimbiswa uye yaitsiva ivhu yaitwa chete sezvo chokupedzisira. Pakusarudza kudiwa nzira yakadaro inofanira kutungamirirwa SNIP uye GOST. Primers, kupatsanura anonziwo kunotsanangurwa mitemo, yakakura dzakakodzera avo chaiyo sezvamunoita nzira.