Red inowanzorimwa rudzi mhou: unhu, mapikicha, zvikurukuru maberekero

Red inowanzorimwa erudzi nomukaka mhou mirayiridzo richinzi imwe zvakanakisisa mune yaimbova Soviet Union. Pets vari zvakakwana dzakashandisa pakaoma dzinotaurwa inowanzorimwa wongoramba. Sezvo nhamba kwezvipfuwo erudzi munyika uye yechipiri kota munharaunda muUkraine uye Russia. Mhou erudzi urwu kunogona kuwanikwa Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, kuCaucasus.

nyaya

Rutoto nhoroondo yakatanga kune rechi18 asi. Nepo guru guru steppes kufudza mhuka akaomarara zvikuru, asi pamwe vakaderera yauinayo. Nepariri - ndiyo kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu Ukraine, zvakawanda chaizvo, nharaunda yacho Zaporozhye. Zviri yokufananidzira kuti erudzi urwu akaberekwa musi menzizi mukaka.

Kuwedzera goho hunodiwa vakakanda-ropa yakakwirira pakodzero mhuka. Red inowanzorimwa erudzi mhou (mufananidzo mundima) ndiyo gakava mavambo. Nyanzvi dziri aibvumirana chete chete - ari chisikwa chikamu ecdemic mombe. Pane maonero akawanda pamusoro pemavambo:

• nzira rakaiswa uye ubatanidzwewo Inofadza muchinjikwa dzokubereka Great Ukrainian nesarufa marudzi (dzomuno) Red mombe German;
• chinhu munharaunda chizvarwa erudzi, iyo yakaumbwa makore 150 akapfuura uye vaimudana "tsvuku kolonistskoy" kana "Red German", zita kwaakaitwa ake - varidzi colonists German;
• ndiwo muchinjikwa pakati Swiss uye Franconian mombe;
• ndiwo muchinjikwa pakati nedzimwe mhuka - uye tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• kunzwisisa mhuka dzirambe dzichiberekana vemo pfumbu Ukrainian mombe red ostfrizslyandskoy pakutanga, uye zvino mumwe chete angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy nevamwe dzinoita European.

The zvichiguma remakore rechi19 kusvika pakutanga mumitsetse zvakakwana homogeneous vakawanda rakasanganiswa "munhu". Rora rakanyoreswa muna 1923, zvakatanga kukura maberekero mapurazi yaimbova USSR. Red inowanzorimwa rudzi mombe muKazakhstan, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, nhamba zvipfuwo harwuwire pazasi nzvimbo yechitatu.

rutoto

Creation uye pakuzadzisa dzinoita basa rakaoma. Zvinonzi zvakabatana chaizvo kuti socio-zvoupfumi wenyika, uye airidza unokosha munhoroondo basa. Hakuna kusara uye tsvuku inowanzorimwa mombe erudzi. Kunyanya ruminant Pandakangowana mumatanho vaiva sezvinotevera:

• vakasarudzwa kuti kugadzirwa mukaka;
• vachinyatsoongorora vakasarudzwa mhuka dziri mubumbiro chikonzero;
• pashure kuberekwa mhuru pakarepo kubviswa uye razdaivali mhou pasina nembudzana
• Vagari vakavimbiswa kunyatsobatana pakati negoho uye suit (zvaifungwa kuti mhou tsvuku uye tsvuku-mashava ruvara kupa goho guru), uye akasarudza mhou uye kunyange maererano ichi.

Mugumisiro refu (makore anopfuura 100) a kusarudza imwe ezvinhu okunze kwave yokusika rudzi boka inowanzorimwa akaomarara dheri mhou tsvuku suit pamwe maitiro kunze uye pazera yakakwirira yauinayo.

Misa Mechanisation kukama pezvakaitwa hunodiwa kuvandudza zvipfuwo maererano nzira yacho zamu chimiro uye kuwedzera mukaka goho. Mune 60s ose maviri remakore dzvuku inowanzorimwa mhou akanga akafukidza nzombe Angler. The Kusarudza mhuka idzi hakusi netsaona:

• Chokutanga, matombo vane genetics mhuri;
• chechipiri, kuva yakafanana mhando muviri;
• uye wechitatu, vane chete kutungamirirwa negoho;
• ari wechina, angler vanhu vane mukuru mukaka, hombe chikamu mafuta tigutsikane mumukaka, zvakawanda muviri uremu, uye Chikurukuru - nani kujairana muchina kukama.

Mune ramangwana, matombo akatakura vachikanda-Danish ropa. Mumakore 90 kuti-Pedigree matatu VaNefirimu vakapa goho anosvika mana nehafu chiuru litres mukaka ane mafuta zviri 3,82%. Not rokupedzisira muchinangwa paumbwe yanhasi pakuonekwa mhuka airidza Holsteins. Mumwe erudzi akaita avasakadza:

• Red inowanzorimwa mombe - kutsungirira uye kukwanisa kuchinja kuti zvinhu yevasungwa;
• Angler - anochinjika of zamu uye vakawanda vanotanga mafuta kugutsikana;
• "VokuDenmark" - refu-yakamira kushandiswa uye yakakwirira goho;
• Holsteins - hombe muviri uremu, nani zamu chimiro dzakashandisa muchina kukama.

mamiriro

Pari, mhuka dziri pakati yakanakisisa muUkraine, Russia uye kuKazakhstan. Chii Red inowanzorimwa rudzi mhou? Feature:

• akaberekwa ari 18-19 emakore ari Ukraine;
• negoho mhando - mukaka;
• tiri muviri yakaoma, bumbiro remitemo rakasimba;
• Hando kurarama uremu - 900 makirogiramu, mhou - 400-500 makirogiramu;
• uremu zvemhuru pakuzvarwa: mombe - 27-30 makirogiramu, nzombe - 35-40 makirogiramu;
• avhareji goho paruware - 3 500-4 000 makirogiramu (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), ane mafuta zviri 3.5%;
• kushandiswa zvoupfumi - 4,74 lactation;
• kunosvika rutoto zera kako mwedzi 18, ane mhenyu kurema 320-350 makirogiramu.

negoho

Red inowanzorimwa erudzi mombe kuti mukaka goho anonzi akanaka. Rinounza avhareji mukaka goho neeSultan kubvira 3500 kusvika 4000 makirogiramu mukaka. Rutoto mapurazi mwero wakakwirira; zvakafanira paavhareji kubvira 4000 kusvika 5000 makirogiramu, rekordistki anokwanisa kupa kusvika gumi nezviviri litres mukaka, mafuta kugutsikana kunogona kusvika 5%.

Goho kuvimba kunaka mafuro uye ya mwaka zvigare. Migumisiro yakanakisisa inobvira kuti vabudirire mune inowanzorimwa wongoramba. Pets rakaorera kwemakore matatu ne rimwe hadzi anogona kuwana zvina mwana. The zororo pakati calving chinguva kupfuura gore (mazuva 380). Kuti adzivise chikungiso kubva mombe 40 mazuva 60.

Meat chatingatevedzera rudzi yakaderera, uuraye goho hakuiti pfuura 50%. Kana zvakanangwa fattening mhuru indekisi wakawedzera nyama goho, asi zvikuru zvishoma. mhuka marangwanda lightweight, pamwe havaratidzi dzakabudirira netsandanyama. Kukura nyama mhou haisi mari zvinobatsira.

panze

Typical kwokunze zvinhu hunhu mhuka dheri ane dzvuku inowanzorimwa erudzi mhou. Tsananguro panze:

• hunosvava kukwirira - 127-132 cm;
• bhokisi girth -183-190 cm;
• oblique kureba - 154-160 cm;
• metacarpus - 18-19 cm;
• ruvara kubva chiedza dzvuku kune rima Cherry, nyora chena vari bvumidzwa;
• Tsandanyama dziri underdeveloped;
• muviri chisina kutsetseka, elongated;
• Mutsipa yakaoma, yakamanikana;
• chiedza musoro, elongated zvishoma;
• kumusana hwakareba uye kumeso;
• tsoka simba, akaoma;
• bhokisi yakatetepa, yakadzika;
• zamu svikiro kadikidiki glandular.

kutarisira

Red inowanzorimwa erudzi mhou yakasiyana ruggedness uye kufambira kuchinjira kumamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Pets:

• Year kumwedzi. The yakanakisisa Ipfungwa - vakasununguka zvigare zviri kumafuro. Location - mukati 2 makiromita kubva purazi. Vari vakapakata Canopies uye mvura. Kazhinji vanoita mumusasa yezhizha, pamwe kukama pfungwa.
• Winter-mudanga nguva. Mhuka dziri kuchengetwa stanchion mumatura kana nokusazvibata dzimba. Conditions vanofanira kuteerera zoogigieny.
• Zvokudya. Mafuro kunodiwa kuona kuti mhuka dzine zvokudya zvakakwana, kana zvichikodzera, akadyisa mudzi zvirimwa uye mhuka zvokudya. Winter govera hwaro - uswa, inosimbisa iri akawedzera, uswa inoshandiswa silage (haufaniri kupfuura 25% of kudya), midzi, uye hazvo kusanganisira chicherwa zvokuwedzera sezvo manune zvokudya.
• Kudzivirira zvirwere. Vaccination pamusoro zvirwere.
• Care. Nguva nenguva akabvisa utachiona mhuka shinda, panguva dzose kukama zamu kushambidzwa kwazvo nguva zvigare asati aita kuchekerera nyanga namahwanda.

Features

Mhuka erudzi urwu uye kuti dzine pachako farmsteads mune yaimbova nzvimbo Soviet. Hazvina kunyanya nevakawanda vari inowanzorimwa dzinodengenyeka rweUkraine uye Kazakhstan muna Altai, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Red inowanzorimwa erudzi mhou (wongororo vazvo kuriteerera) riri kwazvo akaomarara uye zvakanaka kujairana okunze akasiyana. Zvakachengeteka kushivirira zhizha yakaoma uye inopisa ekunze.

zvinosimbisa zvinoitwa rudzi;

• kutapata simba anoponesa mhuka padambudziko romukaka kurima - neleukemia;
• nokukurumidza acclimatization én;
• Kujeka gutsikana;
• kutsungirira zvakaisvonaka;
• Kugamuchira Good kuwedzera pekugara uye richifudzwa
• yakakwirira muviri uye kuravidza mukaka.

Kubva mazita ekare, aivapo padombo nhasi, unogona kutonga mwero kukurumbira pakati rudzi: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, West Siberian, kulundayskoe (Altai).

zvinyorwa

In mashoma makumi-rekordistok mhou vakanyorwa vokupedzisira hafu remakore pamwe zviratidzi:

• por lactation pamusoro 10 000 makirogiramu -14 zvinangwa;
• makirogiramu 9000-9999 chete lactation - 32 musoro.

Mukaka mafuta kugutsikana haasi asingasviki 3,69%. Unorema zvipfuwo maberekero miti akura muUkraine Kazakhstan. Kazhinji vaya dzakadaro dzine boka mhou mukaka goho pamwero 6000 makirogiramu. Red inowanzorimwa mhou erudzi Anozvirumbidza zvinoshamisa rekordistkami:

• Storm 6070:

- goho - 10 170 makirogiramu;

- mafuta kugutsikana - 4.0%;

- Agriculture - purazi "Proletarian murwi", nharaunda yacho Zaporozhye, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- goho - 10 497 makirogiramu;

- mafuta kugutsikana - 4,05%;

- Agriculture - Plant maberekero. Kirov, Kherson nharaunda, Ukraine.

• Application 1910

- goho - 11 kusvika 100 makirogiramu;

- mafuta kugutsikana - 4.02%;

- kurima - maberekero chirimwa "North-Lubinsky", Omsk Region, Russia.

• Cloudberries 201:

- zvipirei -12.426 makirogiramu;

- mafuta kugutsikana - 3,82%;

- Agriculture - Plant maberekero "kuKaraganda", kuKaraganda nharaunda, Kazakhstan.