Pfungwa uye padanho dzidzo iri Russian Federation

Education in Russian Federation chinhu chete muitiro zvainanga dzidzo nokudzidziswa runotevera. Kwemakore 2003-2010. National dzidzo hurongwa kwave kuchiita zvinhu zvikuru maererano zvokudya zviri Bologna Declaration. Mukuwedzera unyanzvi, uye chikoro, takanga vakasuma nhanho dzakadaro dzidzo gadziriro yacho Russian Federation, sezvinoita tsvimborume uye tenzi.

Muna 2012, Russia kushandisa mutemo "On Education of Russian Federation." nhanho dzidzo, zvakafanana nyika dzokuEurope, kubvumira rusununguko kufamba kuti vadzidzi nevadzidzisi pakati kumayunivhesiti. Chimwe Chivakashure ndinoiitawo - ndiwo mukana basa chero nyika akasaina Bologna Declaration.

Education: pfungwa, chinangwa, mabasa

Education ndiwo muitiro uye mugumisiro kuchinjwa ruzivo uye ruzivo kuti yave vaunganidza vose nezvizvarwa. Chinangwa chikuru kurovedza riri kubvuma nhengo itsva nzanga kune zvakanaka yakasimbiswa zvavanokoshesa zvinangwa.

The chikuru mashandiro anoita kudzidziswa vari:

• Education vakakodzera munzanga.
• Socialization uye tevere-chizvarwa sumo tsika richikunda muvanhu kupiwa.
• To kurovedza vakakodzera vechidiki unyanzvi.
• Kuchinjwa ruzivo kuhupenyu basa, vachibatsirwa yazvino.

zvinodiwa dzidzo

Inoumbwa munhu anenge vaunganidza mumwe yakawanda zivo, anokwanisa zvakajeka kuziva zvinokonzera uye migumisiro chiitiko uye anogona panguva imwecheteyo kufunga zvine musoro. The chikuru chokuratidza dzidzo inogona kunzi ine hurongwa ruzivo uye mafungiro kuti zvinoratidzwa munhu anogona zvine musoro kudzorera Makwanza zivo.

The kukosha kwokurovedza muupenyu hwevanhu

Zviri kuburikidza kudzidziswa rinoitwa tsika vanhu kubva kune chimwe chizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe. Education kunokanganisa mabhora ose oupenyu munzanga. Muenzaniso dzokuteerera kwakadaro kunogona kuva kunatsa kudzidziswa hurongwa. New zvedzidzo nyanzvi mune Russian Federation rose achava Unganatsiridza rinowanikwa dzevanhu pfuma ehurumende, izvo, zvichaita kuchikosha kukanganisa kukura wechipfuwo upfumi. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirira zviri pamutemo basa achasimudzira nokusimbaradza pamutemo tsika yevanhu, sezvo ose mugari unofanira kuziva kodzero dzavo uye mitoro.

Quality uye nokudzidziswa gadziriro, inotaura munzvimbo zvose zvoupenyu hwevanhu, kunoita kuti kurera Anobvumirana unhu. Sezvineiwo kukanganiswa nokurovedza uye munhu. Sezvo iripo vanhu vakadzidza chete vanogona vanokwira chinzvimbo chakakwirira uye vabudirire yakakwirira chinzvimbo munzanga. Ndizvo kuzvipira Kuziva kwakabatana zvakananga kuwana dzidzo yakanaka panguva chemhando chechetere.

The dzidzo hurongwa

Yedzidzo rinosanganisira nhamba masangano muRussia. Izvi zvinosanganisira pokugadzwa:

• Childhood Education Early (kukura nzvimbo, kindergartens).
• General dzidzo (zvikoro dzokurovedza muviri, lyceums).
• Yepamusoro Masangano dzidzo (kumayunivhesiti, tsvakurudzo Kudya, zvikoro, anotanga).
• Specialised yechipiri (zvekushandisa zvikoro, mumakoreji).
• Non-hurumende.
• Zvimwe dzidzo.

mitemo dzidzo

• Kuisa dzevanhu tsika.
• Hwaro chinhu tsika uye nyika nenheyo.
• Scientific.
• Dzidziso kuti unhu uye pamwero dzidzo munyika.
• Humanistic hunhu.
• The Kusimbisa kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.
• Chamazuva dzidzo, kupindirana uye chinopfuurira.
• Dzidzo inofanira chete hurongwa zvokunyama kurerwa.
• Kutsigira kutaura tarenda uye unhu.
• Fanira kuwanikwa kupinda (Muongororo yekutanga) inotungamirwa.

mhando dzidzo

Maererano padanho kubudirira yakazvimirira mafungiro govera akadaro marudzi nokudzidziswa :

• Preschool - pamba uye kuenda kukireshi (zera kusvika makore 7).
• Initial - kuitwa muzvikoro uye muzvikoro, tichitangira 6 kana 7 makore, kwozoti kubva pakutanga kusvika mugiredhi rechina. Child akadzidzisa unyanzvi hunokosha kuverenga, kunyora uye numeracy, zvikuru pfungwa inobhadharwa pachavo kukura uye kutsvaka anodiwa ruzivo pamusoro nyika.
• Avhareji - rinosanganisira nechimwe (makirasi 4-9), uye zvinonyatsorehwa paavhareji (10-11). Voitakura kunze muzvikoro dzokurovedza muviri uye lyceums. Chinoguma kuwana gwaro apedza dzidzo yechipiri. Students Panguva iyi chekuunganidza ruzivo uye unyanzvi kuti vanoumba dzakazara mugari.
• Yakakwirira - mumwe nzendo yekosi dzidzo. The chikuru Chinangwa ndechokuti kudzidzisa vashandi vanokwanisa kuti zvinokosha. Voitakura kunze kuyunivhesiti, chikoro kana sangano.

By mhando uye kukoshesa dzidzo iri:

• Total. Zvinobatsira kuwana zivo inokosha pamusoro sayenzi, kunyanya pamusoro zvakasikwa, murume, nzanga. Rinopa munhu ane ruzivo anokosha pamusoro nyika, kubatsira kuwana unyanzvi hunodiwa.
• Professional. Panguva iyi nezivo uye unyanzvi kuti vanofanira kuita basa uye tutoring basa mabasa.
• Polytechnic. Kudzidza dzinokosha okuwana ano. The pakuunganidza unyanzvi vachishandisa nyore zvokushandisa.

zvedzidzo

At mwoyo sangano yokurovedza chinhu chakadaro chinhu se "padanho dzidzo iri Russian Federation." Hunoratidza weboka kudzidzisa zvirongwa maererano nhamba kudzidza nevamwe vose uye mumwe mugari nomumwe. Padanho dzidzo iri Russian Federation - kunyora kutenderera yedzidzo, izvo kunoratidzwa zvimwe zvinodiwa. Federal Law "On Education in Russian Federation" anopa zvinotevera zvayo zvedzidzo munyika Russian Federation:

• Preschool.
• Initial.
• Main.
• Avg.

Uyezve, pane zvinotevera kwevari Education Higher:

• Rokutenderwa. Kunyoresa ari yemakwikwi hwaro pashure nepamahofisi bvunzo. Bachelor kuti dhigirii mudzidzi anowana pashure pacho awana Akazvisimbisira nezivo wokupupura kwavo vakasarudzwa. Training kunotora makore 4. Panopera ichi chechetere akapedza kudzidza anogona kupfuura anokosha bvunzo uye mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo panguva yatenzi kana nyanzvi.
• Specialty. Danho iri zvinosanganisira dzidzo, uyewo kudzidzisa pamusoro dzakagadzirirwa akasarudzwa. In yakazara kurovedza nguva yava 5 makore, uye tsamba - 6. Ndapedza nyanzvi anogona kuramba achidzidza kuti tenzi wacho kana kupinda chikoro. Setsika, padanho dzidzo iri Russian Federation anonzi nomukurumbira, uye haisi akasiyana zvikuru kubva magistracy. Zvisinei, basa kumwe, achaita zvakawanda matambudziko.
• Tenzi. Danho iri unobereka nyanzvi ine zvakadzama specialization. dhigirii yatenzi kuita pakupera Rokutenderwa uye unyanzvi.
• Training yevashandi zvikuru vaikodzera. Zvaireva ongororo dhigirii. Ndiwo zvakafanira pakugadzirira dhigirii kuti anoda kubhabhatidzwa Sciences. Dzidzo renguva yakazara kunotora 3 years, panguva extramural - 4 Academic dhigirii paakavapa pamusoro kupera okudzidziswa, chinyorwa kudzivirira uye kudzidza bvunzo.

pasi pemurairo itsva zvedzidzo muRussia dziri inosimudzira kuita epamba vadzidzi madhipuroma uye annexes izvo akarongwa dzidzo yepamusoro muzvikoro nezvimwe inoti, uye nokudaro kupa mukana mberi nedzidzo yavo kunze.

chimiro dzidzo

Dzidzo muRussia yaizoitwa nenzira mbiri:

• In rinokosha dzidzo masangano. Inogona kuitwa yakazara, chikamu-nguva, chikamu-nguva, eksternatnoy, kure siyana.
• Beyond dzidzo masangano. Rinoreva nokuzvidzora dzidzo uye dzidzo mhuri. Inopa nokuti ndima zvenguva uye yokupedzisira mamiriro advertising.

subsystems dzidzo

The hwekudzidza rinobatanidza mbiri dzakada kufanana subsystems: kudzidzisa uye dzidzo. Vanobatsira kuwana chikuru zvinangwa rokudzidzisa muitiro - kwevanhu socialization.

Musiyano mukuru pakati izvi Mapato maviri ari kuti kudzidziswa nechinangwa zvikurukuru panguva kukura kwevanhu vakadzidza divi, uye dzidzo, nekusiyana, - kuti ukoshi nhungamiro. Between izvi pezvakaitwa maviri vari pedyo pedyo zvinodyidzana. Mukuwedzera, ivo mukwanisi nomumwe.

Quality dzidzo yepamusorosoro

Pasinei kudaro kare Russian dzidzo hurongwa kuchinja akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze, hapana zvakawanda kuvandudza dzidzo yenyika. Pakati huru zvikonzero kushaya mberi chekunatsiridza mabasa edzidzo ndedzinotevera:

• Yechinyakare utariri wemuTesitamende dzidzo yepamusoro masangano.
• A vashoma vadzidzisi wokumwe rurefu mwero unyanzvi.
• Low Rating mudzimba masangano yedzidzo munharaunda yose, iyo iri yakakonzerwa simba internationalization.

Matambudziko chokuita basa dzidzo hurongwa

• Low mari kuti vadzidzisi.
• Kushaya mapuranga vane yakakwirira mwero unyanzvi.
• Kushomeka pamwero zvokunyama uye michina zvokushandisa nemasangano nemasangano.
• Low nyanzvi pamwero dzidzo iri Russian Federation.
• The pasi pamwero yetsika pakukura kwevanhu rose.

Wazvipira kugadzirisa matambudziko aya wairambidza kwete chete pane hurumende seboka, asi pachiyero matunhu neminisiparati idzodzo of Russian Federation.

Trends kukura mabasa edzidzo

• Internationalization dzidzo yepamusoro, achivimbisa kuti kufamba nevadzidzisi uye vadzidzi kugoverana dzakawanda tsika yakanakisisa.
• Kusimbisa dzidzo Domestic mune zvinoshanda divi, kunosanganisira pakatanga nyaya dzinoshanda, kuwedzera uwandu vadzidzisi uye vanoita.
• Active sumo nedanho paumbwe Multimedia michina nezvimwe kuri enyika.
• Popularization kure pakudzidza.

Saka, dzidzo ndiyo hwaro tsika, njere uye nemutsika kwenzanga ano. Izvi kutsanangura chinhu pakati socio-zvoupfumi yeRussian wehurumende. Reform dzidzo hurongwa zvevakomana haana kwakatungamirira yose zvabuda. Zvisinei, kuti zvakanaka duku kusuduruka ikoko. RF zvedzidzo pasi pemurairo mutsva vakabatsira kuti chidzoke wakasununguka kufamba nevadzidzisi uye vadzidzi pakati kumayunivhesiti, zvichireva kuti kudzidza kwauchaita wokuRussia vakananga internationalization.