Pfungwa uye nhungamiro mutemo Russian

misimboti Legal kuita sezvo normative manyuko akawanda pamutemo hurongwa. Rakajairika yakatendeseka vari zvatinopiwa ari vakaenzana, kunzwisisa, kutenda zvakanaka, kururamisira. Ndiye anoteya ravo yepamutemo kuitira uye Russian Federation. права, в свою очередь, выступают в качестве общепринятых положений, обязательных для соблюдения всеми странами. Principles mutemo dzakawanda, akavapindurawo, vashumire zvakajairika zvepamusoro, dzinoshanda munyika dzose.

dambudziko kuwirirana

закреплены на законодательном уровне. Sezvo manyuko dzemitemo mutemo Russian enshrined panguva zvemitemo chechetere. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vane mwero ukoshi. Panyaya iyi, pane dambudziko nhamba pamutemo zviito uye nenheyo anopa dzavo. Rinooneka zvakare nokuti kuti kudzokorora zvatinopiwa iro mutemo wose womuenzaniso kunobva, rinoitwa mumabhuku chinoreva zvakawanda chaizvo. Hakuna kubatana mafungiro uye avo pasi. Uyezve, hapana pfungwa pachena kwavari. одними экспертами воспринимаются как нечто высшее, стоящее над институтом норм. Misimboti mutemo Russian pakati nyanzvi vachinzwisisa sechinhu yakakwirira, vakamira panopindwa sangano dzemunharaunda. Vamwe vanyori anotaura conditionality ari kugutsikana mabasa. выработаны практикой нормативного регулирования отношений в обществе. Zvinosimbisa kuti chinokosha Misimboti Russian mutemo tsika yakatanga pamutemo ukama muvanhu. Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa uye matambudziko vari kubatwa chaizvo subjectively.

Pre-echimurenga mamiriro ezvinhu

Pamberi kuchinja zvinhu 1864 dare, tapping kwakarova mutemo kana kukwana, kwaiva kutaura zvinhu yakakwirira dare nyaya. Somugumisiro gakava apfuura kubva mumuviri mumwe, pane tepi, apo nokuti hondo haina basa State Council. Akaratidza ake uye akapa nayo kuna mambo kuti tendero. We hwogumisa mitemo pamutemo nevamwe Alexander II. Muzviitiko izvi zvakanga akarayirwa haana kumbomira enyaya nokuda kupokanidzana kana incompleteness kuti mitemo uye kuzvigadzirisa maererano vakawanda kunzwisisa mitemo yose.

The Soviet kumwedzi

Mumakore Soviet Union vakatonga uzkonormativnaya kududzirwa mutemo. не имели статуса базовых в формальном смысле. Panguva iyoyowo nenhungamiro Russian mutemo wehurumende vasina chinzvimbo zvitsigiro iri pamutemo mupfungwa. Zvisinei, zvakanga kuzivikanwa kukosha kwavo pachena hunhu nemitemo, pfungwa hwaro hwavo uye zvichingodaro. The zvinodiwa zvinokosha mutemo Russian uye zvinorehwa mutemo kutorwa sepokutangira nekugadzirisa kusawirirana nomuenzaniso. Zvichakadai, Masvomhu aya vakawana vangasimudzira yakasiyana pane zvakaita dzimwe nyika Romano-weGermany mutemo womuenzaniso. необходимо было искать в самих нормах, а не в "абстрактной идее". Pashure pezvose, zvinoreva mitemo uye mirawu mutemo Russian zvakanga zvakakodzera kutsvaka mu mitemo pachavo, pane "husingaoneki pfungwa". Zvisinei, dzidziso rinozivikanwa zvakakwana kuti izvi zvinokosha zvatinopiwa vaende mhiri mureza chechetere. Kuparadzana rakatakurwa zvakakodzera nenheyo mutemo uye zviri pamutemo nenheyo.

The mamiriro ezvinhu nhasi

Zvaiitikawo yaitonga Soviet Union nzira mberi mune mabhuku anoshandiswa nhasi. Zvikurukuru mu bhuku kubva 2003, rakabudiswa pasi editorship pamusoro Professor. Treushnikova ari muchikamu pamusoro zvinokonzera mutemo Maitiro anoratidza zvinotevera. при осуществлении правосудия, ВС осуществляет толкование сути этих положений. Kana zvakakodzera, shandisa ringanidzo murayiro, ndiko kushandisa N Misimboti mutemo Russian pakutonga zvakarurama, zuva inopa kududzirwa musimboti zvatinopiwa izvi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti ave yepamusoro pfungwa yakataurwa mirayiro. Saka, zuva anopa kududzirwa mabasa pamutemo.

Maererano magweta

, многие эксперты исходят из того, что существующая в передовых станах трактовка приемлема и для РФ. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, muna kukurukura Russian mamiriro zvinodiwa nomutemo, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobva pakuti huripo zvigayo iri yepamusoro kurapa unogamuchirwa nokuda Russian Federation. Pasinei nokuti zvokudya zvisina nguva dzose akaratidza zvakajeka, maererano zvinhu uye vamwe dzidziso backlog munzanga zvinodiwa, vaigona kushandiswa sezvo zvokuridzira kwayo kururamiswa. смогли бы обеспечить подчинение доктрины велениям справедливости. Saka, misimboti Russian mutemo wehurumende aigona kupa pasi zvinorayirwa dzidziso aizoruramisira. Interesting mafungiro anotaurawo Vedyahin. Zvinoratidza kuti, kunyange vaibvuma zvinonyatsorehwa kuvandudzika-siyana zviri pamutemo dzidziso iri riripo ezvinhu, zvinganzi kudonongodzwa kuti zvinotaurwa aigona kuva inokosha yokuwana kupfuura zvadziri nhasi. Vaizonetseka akatarisa vanhu pamusoro tsika dzakadai rusununguko, kuenzana, kururamisira. Pachiitiko ichi Martyshin anoti pamwe mitemo vari kuva dzinokosha misimboti kuwedzera kukosha kwomutemo. свойственна формализация положений. Russian pamutemo hurongwa inozivikanwa nokuda formalization of zvokudya. Somuenzaniso, muna Art. 15 h. 4 reMitemo rinoti kazhinji vakaona mitemo uye zvibvumirano vakagumisa ne Russian Federation nedzimwe nyika, ndiyo chikamu dzidziso National. Mutemo uyu unobvumidza kuti zvaiita kuti kushandisa mazano sezvo yakazvimirira rine mutemo.

Impact nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose

Nhasi, nheyo mutemo kazhinji aiziva zvinyorwa munyaya mumunda mutemo ukama munyika. Uyu pamwero mukuru chakaita kuti kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose. Yazadza zvinenge zvose rinoti kuparidzira munzvimbo kupfuura kure kumatunhu panyika. Nhasi mumwe anogona kashoma kuwana mamiriro umo hapana chinozivikanwa pamusoro kodzero dzevanhu, kururamisira munyika dzakawanda, democratic rusununguko uye zvichingodaro. Kudyidzana kunosanganisira kuwedzera pachena miganhu pakati siyana enyika, zvoupfumi, zvivako emarudzi. Izviwo, anokonzerwa vanofanira kubereka zvakawanda kana zvishoma kuti Kazhinji mumusika nyika. Panyaya iyi, nyika zviri pamutemo internationalized nehurongwa wekuita. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kubatana nedzimwe masangano epamutemo, maindasitiri, uye mutemo zvarwo. Internationalization kunoitika kuburikidza acculturation, uye kugamuchirwa uyewo convergence dzakasiyana yokutevedzera kuburikidza Standardization dzemunharaunda. Development nheyo mutemo dzakawanda kunze vakadhakwa kuti jurisprudence. Kazhinji, kugadzirira magwaro anokosha (zvibvumirwano pakati nyika, uye zvichingodaro.) Vanotungamirirwa zvikuru chiremera ongororo theorists.

mubumbiro mbuva

Pakati dzakawanda nomutemo zvinhu nekufemera paumbwe dzidziso vakawanda vaibvuma zvikuru kukosha ndivo National pamutemo hurongwa. Vakaisa gutsaruzhinji, nheyo humanistic uye mitemo yavo tsamba. mutemo Constitutional chinowedzera nokuchinja avo chaiwo maindasitiri. Kazhinji, chinokosha zvokudya zviri ngadzirambe dziri mitemo zvemberi nyika. Chete yapfuura uye kazhinji haana pasina kunze rubatsiro uye wakaiswa mune mitemo dzimwe nyika. Somugumisiro, pane dzinovaka yakawiriranwa kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma pfungwa, masangano, zviridzwa, zvigadziriswe pakati kweBumbiro uye dzakawanda mutemo uye mitemo sectoral kunyika dzakasiyana. In iyi, vose zvakajeka achava crystallize kuti yose yakanaka. Nhasi, masayendisiti akawanda vanoziva zvinoitwa convergence munyika zviri pamutemo hurongwa. Izvi anoratidza ari kumhanyisa kwezvisikwa zvakasikwa muenzaniso pamutemo.

Features

Iye zvino, dzakawanda pamutemo hurongwa vakawanda inozivikanwa se urongwa chaihwo, izvo zvinosanganisira mitemo uye mitemo ukama pakati nyaya. Chinokosha zvokudya izvo zvinoumba hwaro ndivo vari kuzivikanwa nenyika dzakawanda, muri pose kukosha uye zvakarurama paupamhi chakarondedzera chiito. Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna misimboti European Charter pakati 1961, rakadzokororwa 1996. The mapato ari kusaina iri gwaro vakaziva sechinhu Chinangwa maitiro ayo kuti awane zvinhu pasi vamwe mirayiro zvinogona zvinobudirira rakatangwa.

Kubata nyaya

Constant rokuwedzera pokushandisa dzemunharaunda uye nhungamiro mutemo dzakawanda anoita somunhu Chinangwa mutemo mberi yebudiriro. Panyaya iyi, nhasi, pamwe zvetsika vatorwa zveupfumi uye enyika ukama, zvinetso zvombo uye kuramba runyararo munyika uye vakakurukura dzimwe nyaya. On rose, ivo vanoumba Chiitiko kuti "kudyidzana" anotaurwa pamusoro. Vanonzi zvikuru kuhupenyu nyaya chokuita nzvimbo emunhu, yakatarwa akabatana enyika, zvoupfumi, okunze uye pakunamata. Pakati pavo, zvikurukuru, vanogona kunzi internationalization ari zvoupfumi, paumbwe imwe nyika musika wokuenzanisira, kuwedzera kwenhamba nemakambani makambani, hunhu kudzivirirwa, pakurwisa ugandanga uye zvichingodaro. Oga, chinofanira kutaurwa pamusoro kudiwa mashandiro matare uye dzimwe kuzvidzora uye kudzivirirwa nezvorusununguko uye kodzero dzevanhu. Zviri pachena kuti matambudziko aya anofanira kugadziriswa nokushandiswa kwose zvinozivikanwa dzemunharaunda uye kuburikidza navo - uchibatsirwa mumhuri mutemo. Izvi zvakare runosimbisa rakawedzera kukosha dzidziso nyika uye kuwedzera zvayo simba pamusoro pokumuka nhungamiro iri mutemo weRussia.

kushanda

Tiine 50-ies. remakore yokupedzisira, misimboti mutemo munyika Western Europe dziri kuumbwa kwemasayendisiti kusangana vari kutora nzvimbo muEU. Somuenzaniso, mune tsika ECtHR zvino chaiyo izwi. Akanga akagadzira panguva kushanda European kuwadzana simbi uye marasha. Pfungwa yokuti "nheyo mukuru kuri kurudyi Member States" akanga enshrined iri Treaty wakateya Community. Maererano Art. 215 (2), non-contractual kuita zviri EU compensates kuti kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nemasangano ayo kana varanda mukufamba pachiitwa mabasa avo, maererano zvokudya chaizvo kuti mitemo States Mapato. Pfungwa iyi ichakurukurwa sechinhu chinokosha neEuropean Community pamutemo hurongwa. Kutyora gadziriro iri chikonzero Kudzimwa of EU anoita munhu mutongo kuti. Mabasa ECHR, akavapindurawo, inobva kwose zvinozivikanwa dzemitemo. Kwakadaro basa rinokosha urongwa uhwu kunokonzerwa zvakananga kubatana kwavo rusununguko murume. Maererano ECtHR maonero, zvinoratidzwa zvimwe zvisarudzo, sezvo paumbwe zvinotaurwa mune matsime Dare tsika nhengo States of Community, European Convention, uyewo mamwe mirayiro wenyika kukosha.

axioms

. Kazhinji kuita sezvo huripo mutemo Russian. Saka, Somuenzaniso, yakawana kuti kaviri kunokumbira imwe nyaya haagoni, mune nharo chisarudzo haafaniri kukuvadza kumapati rechitatu. как, например, равенство всех перед законом, одинаковый доступ к судопроизводству также считаются аксиомами. misimboti kwakadaro mutemo Russian, akadai kuenzana pamberi mutemo, anekodzero yekuwana zvokutonga zvekufamba chiri kuonekwa axioms. Zvakaenzana, nechigadziko mutengo ndiyo nzvimbo kururamisira enyaya. Zvinonzi kudzidza yemirau anoshandiswa munyika, zvinoratidza kuti pakati chinokosha nhungamiro axioms, musiyano iri kazhinji haana zvinoratidzwa.

vanokakavara nyaya

The ongororo inoratidza yakasiyana kududzirwa pfungwa kwose zvinozivikanwa misimboti mutemo munyika muSoviet uye Western jurisprudence. KuMadokero, sezvo ivo vari vokutanga zvinokosha zvokudya mutemo National, paakaziva munyika. Mune USSR, pfungwa iyi Anofukidza mazano zvavo vari mugovanisi uye Bourgeois mutemo. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe hwaro hworugare co-nokuvapo evanhu zvivako, pokupesana. Resolution of Plenum Supreme №5 kubva 10 October. 2003, anotsanangura kodzero kushandiswa mumatare edzimhosva dzemunharaunda uye nenheyo mutemo dzepasi uye zvibvumirano pakati Russian Federation uye dzimwe nyika, yakanga vakawana kuti, pasi kazhinji vakagamuchira zvokudya kuva kunzwisisa zvinokosha postulates vagamuchirwa vomunyika dzakawanda, risina derogation anobvumirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, zvinosanganisira zvokudya pamusoro kuremekedza rusununguko dzevanhu, hana kuitwa waiti ari neIntergovernmental zvibvumirano. Kazhinji akagamuchira wokuyera rinorondedzerwa so maitiro mutemo. It unogamuchirwa uye kuzivikanwa yose munyika uye yakasimbiswa pamutemo dzinosungirwa. Zvisinei, sezvo nyanzvi dzinoti, Formulations izvi usarega kusiyanisa mitemo nenheyo.

mhedziso

Mudzimai dzidziso nyaya kududzirwa pfungwa kwose zvinozivikanwa zvokudya pari rakashama. Pasinei neizvi, chinokosha Misimboti mutemo Russian vanoonekwa akatsiga Mapato iri pamutemo enshrined mu mitemo siyana uye mitemo. Kushandiswa muminda pamutemo siyana. The kupfuura zvakapararira Misimboti mutemo Russian akagamuchira ari mberi. Murayiro iroro kuti mutongo pamusoro nyaya anofanira kuva musoro, zvinotenderwa, zvakanaka. Vatambi dzinounzwa vakaenzana kodzero, bheya mabasa. Principles mutemo ari kupfuura zvavo chimiro, chinoratidzwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Maererano naye, chinokosha zvokudya zviri raanotaura iyezvino Codes. Mazano kodzero National vanoumba hwaro zvigadziriswe inodzora evanhu noukama munyaya dzakasiyana.