Penett Grid ndiyo sarudzo yakajeka yezvinetso zvakaoma

Itaiti yePenet yakasarudzirwa nesayendisiti weChirungu Pennet kuti agadzirise mhinduro yezvinetso zvinoshanda mumagetsi. Kana zvasvika pane chimwe chinhu, icho chiri kuidzidzwa, unogona kuedza kugadzira mufananidzo-kutora kana kuverenga zvingasarudzwa mukati mepfungwa. Asi kana zviviri kana zvinopfuura zvakadzidzwa, zvirongwa izvi zvakazadzwa nezvisingazivikanwi, uye hazvibviri kukanganwa zvose zvakasanganiswa. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ruzha rwePenet inzira yakanaka yekugadzirisa mhinduro.

Kubva pamitemo inozivikanwa ye genetics, tinoziva kuti chiratidzo chipi nechipi chekufananidzira chechipi nechipi chinowanikwa muDNA. Nzvimbo yeiyo molecule, inokonzera chimwe chinhu chakadaro - geni. Sezvo chero sero mumuviri ine maviri echromosomes mumusana wayo, inowedzera kuti rimwe geni rinokonzera chimwe chinhu, asi chiripo mumhando mbiri. Ivo vanonzi alleles. Kuziva kuti panguva yekuberekwa kwepabonde sero (gamete) ine chitubu chemakromosomes akaparadzaniswa nemaviri, uye tichiyeuka kuti masero aya akaita sei mumuviri, tinonzwisisa kuti chimwe kana chimwe chikamu chejeni chinopinda rimwe nerimwe remasero . Itaiti yePenet inonyora zvose zvingaita mitambo yemagetet kubva kumubereki mumwe nomumwe. Zvinyorwa pamusoro pacho kubva kune imwe nhengo yemuchinjikwa uye kubva kune rumwe rutivi (kazhinji kazhinji) - kubva kune imwe. Muchikamu chepakati penzira yekorodhe uye mutsetse, tinowana kuwirirana kwemajeni evana, izvo zvichagadzirisa kuti izvi kana kuti izvozvi zvichazviratidza sei.

Vakaita sei?

Nheyo yekuvaka matafura aya akafanana, asi kazhinji inowanzosiyanisa zvinotevera Zvinyorwa zvePetet gratings:

• Vertical-horizontal;
• Yakaderera.

Muchiitiko ichi, kusiyana kwekutanga kunovakwa nenzira imwechete seyetafura yenguva dzose ine mitsetse nemitsetse, uye yechipiri ndeye rhombus nemazita emakakatethe emubereki akanyorwa akanyorwa mumashure ekumusoro. Kushandisa kwechipiri rudzi isingawanzoitiki.

Practical application

Sezvatotaurwa, ruzha rwePenet runoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvinetso. Iko nzira inoratidzika inooneka inokubvumira kuti uverenge mbeu inoguma nemhando ipi zvayo yezviito. Nheyo dzekugadzirisa dambudziko chero ripi neripi rezve genetic rinogona kuumbwa nenzira inotevera: tinosarudza kuti gasi rimwe nerimwe richagadzwa sei. Tinowana vabereki vemu geneotypes (kusanganiswa kwemajini), sarudza kuti zvipi zvepabonde zvinogona kuumbwa mune imwe nhengo yemubereki. Isu tinopinda data munharaunda yePenet, tinowana zvose zvinogona kuitwa genotypes zvezvizvarwa. Inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kuti imwe neimwe yezvipenyu zvinoguma dzichatarisa sei.

Muenzaniso wakajeka: mazamu ehuto urefu mumakati, tinovaudza neG uye g. Tinoyambuka kati ine bvudzi duku uye kati ine bvudzi refu. Izwi rinopera kwenguva refu rinoreva kuderedza, izvo zvinoreva kuti rinoratidzira chete muhurumende ye homozygous, ndiko kuti, kati yedu inogona kungova nejenotype yegg. Asi kati inogona kuva Gg kana GG. Hatigoni kutaura izvi kubva kunze (phenotype), asi tinogona kugumisa kuti kana macheche akafanana akaberekerwa kubva kati ane jasi refu, ipapo chirevo chayo gg. Regai zvive saizvozvo. Uye heino ndiyo yakanyatsoshandiswa:

Tine 50% yemakiti ane vhudzi refu, sababa. Uye imwe hafu yavo ine vhudzi-vhudzi, asi inotakura mazamu ezvuru refu-refu, mazita avo ejenotypes akafanana neaya eamai.