Optical zvinonyengera ziso, kana Optical fungidziro

Zvose kuti tinoona chokwadi, kurerutsa. Kana iri muraravungu pashure mvura, kunyemwerera mwana kana zvishoma rinokwanisa kucheneruka gungwa nechokure. Asi kana tatanga kuchengeta chimiro-ochinja makore, uye kubva ipapo nomuzikamwi mifananidzo, zvinhu ... In iyi, isu Kashoma kufunga sei zvinoitika uye zvii kuitika muuropi hwedu. In sainzi, chiitiko ichi ndicho yakakodzera tsananguro - Manyiminya zvinonyengera ziso. Panguva dzakadaro, tinofanira nemaziso kuona chifananidzo chete, uye uropi okutsutsumwa uye decrypts izvozvo zvakasiyana. Tinyatsoziva zvikuru akakurumbira ziso zvinonyengera uye edza kutsanangura navo.

tsananguro mukuru

Illusion nokuti maziso kwenguva refu nyaya kuziva, vanachiremba uye vaimbi. The tsanangudzo nesayenzi, anonzwisiswa sezvo kukwana, kunaka maonero zvinhu, kukanganisa, kukanganisa. Kare zvaionekwa mhaka fungidziro atadze kushanda zvakanaka kwevanhu kuona hurongwa. Nhasi, zvingori mumaziso - pfungwa zvakadzika chokuita urongwa pfungwa, izvo zvinotibatsira "nzwisisa" uye kunzwisisa akapoteredza chokwadi. The uchishandisa nheyo chiono yevanhu nokuda apiwa pokugadzwa pamusoro the retina weziso-dimensional matatu mifananidzo zvinhu zvinoonekwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuona kukura, udzamu, uye remoteness ari musimboti kumaonero (yakafanana uye perpendicular mitsetse). Meso verenga mashoko, uye muuropi kurongedza izvozvo.

The fungidziro yokunyengedza sezvo ziso anogona siyana nenzira dzakawanda parameters (saizi, ruvara, maonero). Ngatiedzei kuatsanangura.

The udzamu uye kukura

Kupfuura nyore uye zvaizivikanwa nevanhu ziso chinhu geometric fungidziro - kunaka omumwe size, urefu kana kudzika chinhu chokwadi. Chaizvoizvo, chiitiko ichi inogona muonekwe kutarira njanji. Pedyo njanji noku mumwe, perpendicular kune njanji sleepers. Nokufamba kwenguva mufananidzo kuchinja: pane kurereka kana Vanokotama, vakarasika inofambirana pemitsara. The kure mumugwagwa, zvikuru zvakaoma kuona mufambo chikamu chacho.

On seizvi nokuti maziso (tsanangudzo, zvose sezvo) pakutanga akaudza Italian wepfungwa Mario Pontso muna 1913. Ziendamberi kuderera kukura chinhu chacho remoteness ane kufanana nevechiduku kuti chiratidzo kwevanhu. Asi pane kukanganiswa nemaune maonero aya, izvo kuparadza mufananidzo rakazara chinhu. Kana manera pamusoro yose kureba inoramba yakafanana mitsetse kujeka, munhu pairi kana hunokwira. Kutaura zvazviri, ake kuvaka sekuru ane nemaune chiwedzerwa pasi kana kumusoro.

Maererano kudzama pane pfungwa disparity - yakasiyana nzvimbo pfungwa pamusoro the retina nemaziso kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama. Nokuda kwaizvozvi ziso munhu anoona nhau concave kana convex. The fungidziro kuti chiitiko ichi kunogona kuonekwa 3D-mifananidzo, kana munhu sandara chinhu (kapepa, Asphalt, pamadziro) vari-dimensional matatu mifananidzo. Nemhaka zvakarurama urongwa maumbirwo, mimvuri uye chiedza, mufananidzo ari zvisizvo panoonekwa kuuropi sezvo chaiye.

Color uye musiyano

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ehupfumi kwevanhu ziso kukwanisa kusiyanisa mavara. The maonero dzingasiyana zvichienderana jekeso zvinhu. Izvi imhaka Manyiminya irradiation - Fani "spillover" chiedza kubva yakajeka kuti rima zvikamu mufananidzo pamusoro the retina. Izvi inotsanangura kurasikirwa aikanganiswa kunzwisisa tsvuku uye orenji, uye kurera naye achipikisana zvitema, nezvishava mambakwedza nguva zuva. Panyaya iyi, pangava Manyiminya zvinonyengera.

Basa rinokosha uye misiyano. Dzimwe nguva vanhu zvisiri kutonga ruvara saturation ane chinhu ari Zvaparara background. Asiwo, musiyano simba mutes mavara vari pedo zvinhu.

The fungidziro ruvara anogona kuonekwa mumumvuri, apo kupenya uye saturation havasi richiratidzwa. ndiyo pfungwa "ruvara mumvuri" nomucheka Arts. Zvakasikwa, unogona kuonekwa, kana romoto kwezuva mavara ari mutsvuku imba, gungwa pacharo pamwe zvakasiyana kwerima guru. Fani iyi inogona kuverengwa pakati fungidziro kuti ziso.

hurukuro

Muchikwata inotevera ndiyo fungidziro pakati omumwe contours, zvitarisiko zvinhu. Munyika mune zvesayenzi, rainzi Chiitiko pamusoro perceptual chemwoyo. Dzimwe nguva chii tinoona haisi yakadaro, kana ane Dual dudziro. Pari dzakanaka hwemashiripiti vakauya fashoni kusika havana chokwadi mifananidzo. vanhu vakasiyana vari kutarisa "encrypted" mufananidzo iwoyo uye riverenge vatambi zvakasiyana, silhouettes, mashoko. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi iri zvepfungwa bvunzo mavara Rorshaha. Maererano nenyanzvi, mashoko kuona maonero hazvisi chete, asi kufarira muchimiro kurapwa kunoenderana zvinoitwa nevanhu munhu. In dzinoongorora unhu hunodiwa kuti kufungawo nzvimbo, padanho chimiro, tigutsikane uye mavambo / kukurumbira kuverenga neunyengedzi dzakadaro.

shifters

mhando iyi fungidziro nokuti meso inewo nevakawanda unyanzvi. Wemanomano kwayo ndechokuti imwe nzvimbo iri mufananidzo uropi anoverenga rimwe mufananidzo, uye pakatarisana - mumwe. The turncoats nomukurumbira vakawanda muchindakadzi okuberekwa uye Dhadha-mbira. Nemaonero uye ruvara, hakuna kururama, asi perceptual unoda aripo. Asi kusiyana mukangodzoka mufananidzo. Muenzaniso zvakafanana kunogona kuve chokwadi pakuongorora makore. Kana mumwe yakafanana akasiyana zvinzvimbo (kutwasuka, chinjikira) ungave chokuita zvakasiyana zvinhu.

Ames nzvimbo

Muenzaniso fungidziro pakati 3D-Eye nzvimbo Ames tega muna 1946. Rakagadzirirwa nenzira yakadaro kuti kana kuonekwa kubva mberi chinoita vanhuwo kamuri inofambirana masvingo perpendicular kusvikira kumusoro uye pasi. Kutaura zvazviri, mumba ichi - trapezoid. Rusvingo distal zvinonzi akaronga kuti kodzero angled iri obtuse (pedyo) uye akasiya - chakasimba (mberi). Kusimbisa fungidziro checker paburiro. Murume ari kurudyi kukona nemaziso panoonekwa hofori, uye kuruboshwe - a zvipfupi. Kufarira ndiko kufamba munhu ari mumba - murume, ari kukura nokukurumidza, kana, Ukuwo, kunoderedza.

Nyanzvi dzinoti seizvi haatarisiri pamberi madziro nedenga. Enough pamusoro mujengachenga, izvo zvinoita avo panyaya akakodzera kumashure chete. Illusion Ames kamuri rinowanzoshandiswa mumafirimu chaiwo migumisiro hofori zvipfupi.

neunyengedzi kubvongodzwa

Rumwe rudzi fungidziro kuti ziso ari mufananidzo simba kana avtokineticheskoe kufamba. Izvi zvinoitika kana munhu sandara mufananidzo kana kufunga nhamba pariri vari kutanga chaizvoizvo kuuya upenyu. Kuvhiringidzwa iri yakakura kana munhu rave pedyo / kutama kubva mufananidzo, akatarisa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe ndiEzekieri. Muchiitiko chino, kusarurama kunoitika nokuda mumwe ruvara enzanirana, dzeraundi urongwa, hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka kana "Vector" siyana.

"Tracking" Mifananidzo

Zvichida vose yati aifanira kutarisana kuona chaizvoizvo apo mufananidzo kana mufananidzo pamusoro posita kungoona kufamba mumba yake. The kunozivikanwa "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci, "Dionysus" by Caravaggio, "Portrait ane Unknown" Archaeology kana kwakajairika asian mapikicha - mienzaniso chiitiko ichi wakajeka.

Pasinei yakawanda zvinoshamisa nyaya, izvo wakafukidza izvi chaizvoizvo hazvishamisi. Masayendisiti uye vanachiremba, vachishamisika sei kuti fungidziro kuti "ziso Tracking", yaiwana nyore inonyatsoita.

• chiso Model zvinofanira kutarira mifananidzo.
• The zvakawanda jira, kwakasimba pfungwa.
• womuenzaniso anotarisana Manzwiro basa. Hanya mashoko haakonzeri Muoni pamwe kuziva uye kutya kutambudzwa.

Zvakakodzera urongwa chiedza uye mumvuri asian wana-dimensional matatu fungidziro, vhoriyamu, uye rakaramba kuchaita sokuti kuti maziso ndiwo mufananidzo womunhu.