Old Mashoko Russian uye avo nezvaanoreva. Mienzaniso mashoko yekare

Old Russian shoko mumutauro ano chaizvo nevakawanda, asi dzimwe nguva sokuti isu vatorwa uye isinganzwisisiki. Zvimedu tumitauro yekare rakapararira Kievan Rus kure, vanogona kumirira mashoko chete uye pfungwa zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, zvishoma kunogona kuchinja kukosha kwayo, uye rinogona patsva, achitora itsva, kududzira ano.

Old Russian uye Old necheSalvic?

Rwendo nyika yekare vanogona kutanga zvakajairika namashoko, izvo nhasi inowanikwa pakutaura ano. Amai, musha, babamunini, nyika, mhumhi, basa, echiShinto, huni, memuouki - hwekare Russian shoko. Asi pamwe zvibudirire vanogona kunzi uye yekare uye yekare Ukrainian. Saka kure, zvinowanika mumitauro iyi ndiyo inenge iri imwe nzira sezvo zvemakore apfuura. Mashoko Old Russian vavo nezvaanoreva anogona kuwanikwa Zvivako dzakawanda necheSalvic mabhuku. Somuenzaniso, bhuku "The Lay pamusoro Igor" - pfuma chaiyo vateresi siyana mashoko ekare.

Zvichida tinofanira kugovera Russian uye Common kwechiSlavonic shoko, asi kuzviita munyaya ino, hapana mukana. Tinogona chete kuchengeta kukura shoko yekare - kubva pakutanga kukosha kuti panguva. Uye chikuru chinooneka chidzidzo okukura ichi zvingava Russian shoko rekare "hove".

History weshoko

"Primary Chronicle" inotiudza kuti muchinda Vsevolod muna 1071 pamusoro nyika guta Vyshgorod "deyal ukabata mhuka." Zvazikamwa shoko, uye munguva Monomakh. In ake "Instructions" Prince Vladimir rinoti "akaramba huntsman yokuzviparadzanisa," kuti huri sezvakarayirwa stables, imbwa leash, ruoko Rukodzi uye hawks. Shoko rokuti "hove" kwakanga atotendeukira zvakajairika shoko uye raireva kunovhima, utape mhuka.

Gare gare, muna 13-14 emakore shoko "hove" kwakanga vasangana mu magwaro testamentary. nezve "ukabata hove", "Beaver ukabata" iri pamutemo pasi. Pano shoko rokuti "hove" rinoshandiswa senzira hunhu kuchengeterwa, kuchengeterwa - nzvimbo munyika pachake mikana zvikuru kuvhima uye hove. Asi zvekare uye zvinorehwa itsva "hove" zvinoreva kunovhima vachibatsirwa kubatwa rechikara kana hove. The mudzi weshoko rinoramba zvakafanana.

Modern "hove"

Mukutaura yanhasi kakawanda shoko "hove". Chete nayo, kufanana dzakawanda dzimwe yekare Russian shoko rinoshandiswa nenzira truncated, mumwe zvaanoreva - zvinganzi "hove herring" kana "matsutso hove pamusoro kodhi." Asi "hove pamapere" kana "hove beavers" isu havati haana. Kuti vaite izvi mutauro ano Russian chinhu nyore uye anonzwisisika shoko "kuvhima". Asi nemashoko kunzwisisa "hove" yakawanikwa kwose kwose.

Children nevazukuru

Ngatiyeukei mashoko "The Mousetrap", "muvhimi", "musungo", uye vamwe. Handiti - Vana nevazukuru rekare rokuti "hove". Vamwe "vana", "hove" haana kurarama nguva uye zvino kuwanikwa chete yaMakoronike yekare. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "lovitva" akauya zvikuru gare gare, "hove", asi haana kuramba mumutauro weRussia. Lovitva aizivikanwa 15-17 emakore uye zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinoreva "kuvhima". Asi muna Pushkin nguva ino izwi harina kushandiswa.

Vakararama guru nyanduri "ukabata" uye "lovitvy" - stale, mashoko upenyu. Old Russian "lovitvy" hakuwaniki mukutaura ano, asi kuvaona munzvimbo achembera bhuku, unogona kunzwisisa zvinoreva shoko nyore.

"Mazino Dragon kuti" uye "muchengeti"

Old Russian shoko chete neshanduro anogona kuwanikwa mumaduramazwi zhinji. Asi chii kana shoko yekare rinoshandiswa nenzira itsva, pfungwa ano? Old Mashoko Russian uye avo nezvaanoreva, sezvaungaona, shanduko pamusoro nguva. Muenzaniso wakanaka inogona zvakakwana kuzivikanwa mabhuku ekare Russian shoko "dhiragoni mazino" uye "muchengeti".

Shoko "mazino dhiragoni kuti" aizivikanwa-Russian zvose uto mazwi zvemakore apfuura. Anonzi akaisa pamwechete mapazi gobvu uye matanda - chinhu safambika chipingamupinyi kuti vaifamba uye vamabhiza kare, kare. VeMubatanidzwa kwepfuti uye cannons akaita zvisingakoshi uye kuvakwa, uye mashoko pachavo. Old masoja Russian tega itsva uye nzira dzinoshanda kuti azvidzivirire uye kurwisa, uye "mazino dhiragoni kuti" vaifanira azvipe chinyorwa.

Makore A chiuru, pakutanga Mukuru Patriotic War, meno shato kare kare. Zvino zvakavakwa kuti muedzo zvinogumbura, matanda uye ungwandangwanda. mazano akadaro akanga achida kumisa kufambira mberi muvengi matangi kuvhiringidza kurwisa mauto muvengi. Pashure pehondo stockade yakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, asi shoko anoramba. Zvino Inowanikwa mabhuku mabasa muchiuto vazhinji, mune nyaya zvakaona, mune nyaya enganonyorwa pamusoro hondo.

Kare mutauro ano uye shoko "muchengeti." Zvisinei, nyaya yake haina anenge sezvo umhare chete yapfuura shoko. Vatambi kare anonzi kuzvininipisa wesuwo mamongi, uyo akazarura suo mangwanani dzemamongi netemberi, ndokuvhara wakavafambisa kwezuva nokutya kumhanya varume. Goalkeepers kunge chinenge yakanyangarika hwedu, asi kune imwe pfungwa. The Kugadzirwa seboka mitambo, kubudirira zvikwata zvedu Hockey uye nhabvu makwikwi zvakatungamirira kuti kwaita "Vatambi" yanhasi - vatambi vari kurinda pasuwo pachake chikwata chake kubva anokumhan'arira wacho kurwisa. Uye shoko iri rakapararira kwete chete, asiwo kupfeka vaviri mashizha ari "Vatambi" wokumwe.

The old "ndege"

Unofungei, kana munguva Peter Mukuru yaizivikanwa shoko "ndege"? Uye kwete sezvinoita upenyu hwaAbhigairi zvinobhururuka chinhu (kubhururuka makapeti), uye chaiyo ouinjiniya magadzirirwo? Zvakaratidza kuti ndege mumazuva iwayo vainzi kuzvidzora propelled ferries, vachibvumira ichirira rwizi convoys refu zvombo uye zvokudya. Gare gare, shoko wakapfuurira zvikuru kushandiswa jargon uye akatanga kushandiswa mune kurukiswa mubhizimisi.

A nyaya chakafanana chakaitika neshoko "bhasikoro". Zvakaratidza yaishandiswa zvakazara mu Ages Russia - muna Muscovy. Kubvira ipapo isu akadana dzokumhanya-dzokumhanya. Bhasikoro unonzi anogona kushandurwa kuti "zvikepe dzakaparadzana", uye kwete "muridzi bhasikoro." Naizvozvo, bhasikoro, uye ndege vane chikonzero chakanaka chinogona kunzi kare, Russian mutana akati. Kusiyana lovitvy, mazwi aya Zvisinei rwakaona vamwe tsika dzavo vava akakodzera mukutaura ano,, kuchinja zvachose nokududzirwa.

zvimedu kare

Inoshamisa Zvivako yemataurire yekare akatanga, oddly zvakakwana, vakawanda mazuva ano tumitauro. Drevnerusskie mashoko, mienzaniso iyo asina kuwanikwa kwokutanga chimiro, zvinozorodza yatarwa zvisingashanduki mamiriro. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ose kujairana akadai "zvakaipa", "rombo rakanaka." Hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa, uye nomukaka ava pfungwa - "kubva pasinei", "chero". Havana vagara zvakajeka uye zviri nyore tudonhwe kutaura.

Pane mamwe mashoko akaita pamusoro akafanana musimboti. Somuenzaniso, "kukurumidza". "Tsanga yacho yaichekwa", "askew." Asi "Tsanga yacho yaichekwa", "Bekrenev" kana "mhanya" - iri sharuka mashoko. Old Russian, kutanga tsika dzavo - nomusoro nevadudziri vemashoko uye nyanzvi dzemitauro.

zvabuda

Sezvaunogona kuona, mashoko vekare Russian vavo nezvaanoreva vakasara navanopinda munda yokutsvakurudza. Vakawanda vavo vaigona kunzwisisa. Zvino, misangano mumabhuku ekare shoko "vevelyay", "vedentsy" kana "neshungu," tinogona vakachengeteka achisecha mumaduramazwi tsika. Asi vazhinji vavo vachiri kumirira kuti vachiongorora. Chete basa painstaking nemashoko ekare ichatsanangura tsika dzavo uye rokuvandudza mutauro ano Russian.