Nzira yekuongorora jenereta yekushanda sei? Chengetedzo yekuzvimirira nekugadzirisa kwejenereta

Jenereta isimba remasimba ane simba rinopa simba kune injini dzose: simba, kupisa, kupisa, saka kukanganisa kwayo kunosanganisira zvimwe zvinetso. Kuti udzivise kuparadzwa, zvakakosha kuti urongwa hunoita kuti huongororwe, uye kana matambudziko asingagoni kudziviswa, pakarepo kugadzirisa.

Muchikamu chino, tichataura nezvekuedza kuedza jenereta yekushanda, pasina kushandiswa kune vanyori. Asi ngatitangei tinyatsonzwisisa zviratidzo zvaro zvinogona kuitika.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekukundikana kwe generator

Ichokwadi chokuti jenereta yakakundikana, kana kune matambudziko mukushanda kwayo, inokurudzira zviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Nguva dzose kupisa kwechiedza chinonyevera nenzira yebhetheni tsvuku pane dashbhodhi, iyo inoratidza kuti jenereta haibhadhara, kana kuti inobudisa nguva yekusakwana kwakakwana;
• Nguva dzose inodzinga bhetori;
• Kukanganisa mukushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi (kupenya uye alarm, multimedia, kupisa uye kuputika) nejini inoshanda;
• Kuonekwa muimba yevatakuri (injini yekamuri) yemafuta anonhuwira anopisa;
• Kunyanya kupisa stator ye generator;
• Rumble (rhingling, whistling) wejenereta.

Kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvakadaro ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chekutora chirwere. Kuti uite izvi, hazvidikanwi kusangana nechiteshi chebasa, sezvo zvichikwanisika kutarisa jenereta yekushanda, kunyanya kana uine zvishoma zvishoma unyanzvi hwekutarisira mutengesi wemotokari. Asi kutanga, ngatitaurire nezvekuparara kukuru.

Zvikanganiso Zvikuru

Jenereta inogona kuva nehutachiona hwemagetsi, uye magetsi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kukundikana kweiyo voltage regulator;
• Chirwere chinokanganisa bhujiro (kugadzirisa chikwata);
• Kuvharwa kwekusimudzirwa kwekushamiswa kwe rotor;
• Kuvhara stator windings;
• Kupfeka zvipfeko;
• Kupfeka kwezvokutakura.

Zvadaro, tichataura nezvekutarisa jenereta yekuita zvayo pachayo, zvichienderana nezviratidzo zviripo uye zvinogona kuitika.

Kuongorora chengetedzo yekutonga

Mutongi akagadzirirwa kugadziridza magetsi anobudiswa vasati vatengeswa kumotokari iri pa-bridge circuit, kusanganisira bhati rekuiridzira. Saronga kushanda kwayo iwe pachako unogona kungoona chete kutengesa jenereta, kana kuti, kuwanda kwemhepo inoshandiswa kwairi pabhateri terminals. Zvichienderana nezvakaitwa uye mhando yemashini, inogona kubva kubva pa13.5 kusvika ku5.5 V. Naizvozvo, usati watarisa kushanda kwejenereta kuitira kukodzera kwomutongi, unoda kuziva chaizvo kuti chii chaunofanira kupa. Mashoko aya anogona kuwanikwa mubhuku rekushandisa kwemotokari.

Nzira yekutarisa jenereta ine multimeter? Kuti uite izvi, shandura chigadziro kumhepo yekudzivirira uye, nekucherechedza pfumo, kuunganidza kuedza kwayo kunoendesa kubhethri terminals ne injini isingashandisi. Kazhinji voltage inonzi inenge iri mukati me12-12.8 V. Tangai motokari uye dzokorora nzira yacho. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nebhateri terminals zvinofanira kukwira kusvika 13.5-15.5 V. Chero munyaya iyi mutongi anogona kuonekwa seanoshanda. Kuwedzera kana kuderedza ukuru hwemhepo, pane zvinopesana, zvinoratidza kuti hazvina kukodzera.

Nzira yekuongorora jenereta diode bridge pasina kubvisa kubva mumotokari

Bhiriji ye diode inoshanda sechirongwa chekugadzirisa, kushandura ikozvino kushandura inobudiswa nejenereta kuva nguva dzose. Kazhinji inoumbwa nemasikironi matanhatu e semiconductor, matatu ayo ari "akanaka", mamwe matatu ari "asina kunaka", ndiko kuti, yekutanga kupfuura iri mune imwe nzira, iyo yekupedzisira mune imwe nzira. Muiti wechigadziri anogona kuongororwa zvose nejenereta yakabviswa uye pasina kuiputsa. Ngationgororei zvose zviri zviviri.

Usati watarisa bridge rejenitari risina kubvisa, rinofanira kubvisa pairi uye kubva kumagetsi ekugadzirisa mafaira ose, ainge atanga kubvisa "mass" terminal kubva mubhetri. Chokutanga, chengetedza kugadziridza kwemukati pfupi. Isu tinoshandura multimeter mu ohmmeter mode, taurirana tsvakurudzo yakanaka (tsvuku) kune "30" generator terminal (positive positive bridge), uye yakaipa kune jenereta yeimba. Nekugadzirisa basa, chiverengero chekushandisa chinowanzosvika mukusingaperi. Kana kushorwa kune mazhinji ohms, muiti wekunamatira haana kukwana.

Iye zvino ngatitaurei nezvekuedza kuedza jenereta ye diodhi bridge nokuda kwekuparara. Ngatitangei nemadiodhi akanaka. Zvakare, taurirana tsananguro yakanaka kune bhodhi yakabatana (pini "30"), uye iyo yakaipa kune mabhoti (mabheji) emugadziri wokugadzirisa. Kuvhiringidzika kunofanirawo kutarisa kusingaperi. Kana zvisina kudaro, imwe kana kuti diod dzakawanda dzinoputirwa.

Tinoenda kune "negative" semiconductors. Ikoko tsvuku mutsva inotungamira yechipupuriro inosungirirwa kune mabhutsiti ekugadzirisa zvigadzirisiti, iyo yakasvibira kumagetsi edzimba. Kuda kusvika kusingaperi, kushorwa chiratidzo chechokwadi chokuti diod is intact.

Chengeta rotor iri kumhepo

Kazhinji kusashanda kwemotokari yemotokari ndiko kuvhurwa kwemhepo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika semugumisiro wekurumidza kubuda kwemhepo, mvura ingress, kupfeka mabhesi, nezvimwe. Sezvo zvichikwanisika kutarisa jenereta ine multimeter nokuda kwekuvimbika kwekufambisa kwayo, kungova nekutambira kwakakwana kwavari, zvichave zvakakodzera kubvisa kereke yose. Hatingarondedzeri nzira iyi, sezvo yakasiyana nedzimwe motokari. Usati watarisa jenereta yakabviswa nokuda kwekushanda kwemhepo ye rotor, inofanira kunge yakasanganiswa.

Mushure mokubvisa rotor, tinowana mavharo ekubatanidza pamubati waro. Kune maviri chete avo. Kutenderera pa-multimeter mu ohmmeter mode, shandisa maitiro ayo kune zvindori. Chigadzirwa chacho chinofanira kupa kupikisa mukati ma2-5 ohms. Izvi zvinowanzoitirwa rotor yakashanda. Kupikisa kwakakwirira kunoratidza kusawirirana pakati pezvindori. Mune mhaka yakatarisana, kana chiverengero chekuverenga chiri kuswedera zero, kupfigwa kwekutsauka kunowanzoitika.

Nzira yekuongorora jenereta yekushanda kwe stator windings

Tinoenda kune stator. Iine mhepo inoverengeka, iyo imwe neimwe inofanira kuongororwa zvakasiyana. Asi izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvakakosha kusunungura mafaira ekubatanidza kutungamira kwe windings uye bridge bridge.

Tsvina yehuwandu hwemagetsi yakaiswa mu ohmmeter mode inowanzobatanidzwa kune zvigaro zvemhepo imwe neimwe yemhepo. Kuburikidza kushanda kunofanira kunge kunopesana kwema 0.2 ohms.

Zvadaro zvakakosha kuenzana nekupikisana pakati pechigaro chinowanzo (zero) che stator uye zvakabuda kune chero ipi zvayo ye windings. Inofanira kunge iine 0.3 ohms.

Kudengenyeka kwemakwenzi emagetsi

Kana jenereta yave ichibviswa uye ichibviswa, haizokuvadzi kutarisa mamiriro ehurumende. Vanogona kukundikana nemhaka yekushandiswa kwenguva yakareba, kana semagumisiro ematambudziko anokonzerwa nokusavhiringidza kwebato re rotor. Kana mabhesi ane zvipfeko zvekufuka kukuru, geometry yavo yakaputsika, inofanira kushandurwa.

Kupfeka we generator bearingings

Imotokari yemotokari ine mairi maviri. Chimwe chazvo chakagadzirirwa kune shaft shaft, yechipiri inomanikidzwa mukati memucheto wehovha. Iyo inonzi hum, rwiyo runobva kudivi re generator apo injini iri kumhanya, chiratidzo chechokwadi chokuti chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakatemerwa kurarama kwenguva yakareba. Chiratidzo chemushandi chinogona kunge chiri kupisa kwejenereji yeimba. Kana uchinge watora zviratidzo izvi, chimbidzika kuti uchinje kutakura. Kana zvisina kudaro, izvi zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa kwehtor shaft kana kuputika kwayo nemigumisiro yese inotevera.

Tarisa mabheji nekubvisa bheni jenereta uye kuchinja shaft neruoko. Kana rotor inotenderera nyore nyore, pasina jerks uye kudzokera shure, kubereka kucharamba kushumira. Kana kushanduka kwakaoma, kana shaft ine damba, usatora nekutakurazve.