Aleksandr Bell: Biography uye ake kuvamba (mufananidzo)

Aleksandr Grehem Bell akaberekwa Edinburgh (Scotland) March 3, 1847. Range pakati zvido American musayendisiti uye muvambi zvisiriizvo rakafara. In ake zvinoshamisa kuedza akakwanisa nokubatanidza unyanzvi uye sayenzi acoustics uye mumhanzi, zvemagetsi engineering makanika. Yaiva Aleksandr Bell akazogadzira runhare uye zvikuru kwakaita kuti kukura foni bhizimisi muUnited States.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Alexander Melville Bell, vakatanga baba nezveramangwana - nyanzvi yemitauro uye munyori hombe-pamwero basa unyanzvi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo rwunoverengerwa pakusika "Chinooneka Speech" ezvinhu, iyo anobvumira kwokupa manzwi evanhu kutaura rakataurwa rinokosha zviratidzo zvakanyorwa. Nemhaka iyi budiriro shoko, pasina kuziva mutauro wokumwe, aigona zvakarurama kureva mamwe mashoko.

vabereki Bell akaedza kupa kunonyanyisa kuteerera inzwi uye kungodzokorora unyanzvi kuti mwanakomana wake. Mumakore gumi nematatu, Alexander akapedza kudzidza Royal School of Edinburgh, uye gore akazotamira sekuru vake muLondon. Pano ari kushingaira ichitsvaka subtleties ose elocution, kuverenga Category mabhuku. Pazera gumi matarenda jaya anova mudzidzisi zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe uye zvokuimba Weston House Academy. Education iri paYunivhesiti Edinburgh Aleksandr Bell haana kupedza.

Kutamira America

Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, hama mbiri Bell akafa tibhii. Doctors vakayambira Alexander kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Akasarudza kutamira Canada. Muna 1870, mhuri yose vakagara Ontario, muguta rainzi Brantford.

Sezvo 1871 Alexander Bell anogara Boston uye anodzidzisa chikoro kushandiswa vadzidzi matsi. Panguva huchishanda, remangwana mudzidzisi musayendisiti uchitsvaga nzira yokuratidza matsi nekunyatsotsanangura ruzha kutaura. Kunyanya, kuedzwa midziyo umo chaiyo Kamudzira fluctuated pasi pokudzora inzwi mafungu uye zvichiguma vibrations vakapfuurira tsono. The tsono, uyewo, anonyora mashoko ari kutenderera dhiramu. kuvamba ichi Bella aiva nhangaruvanze zvake zvakawanwa zvikuru.

"Talking Telegraph"

Muna 1876, World Exhibition (Philadelphia), musayendisiti akapa kuruzhinji ngwariro kunoshamisa muchina, yaakakudanirai "kutaura teregirafu". Iri raiva runhare wokutanga Aleksandra Bella. Unogona kufungidzira Chakashamisa vaiongorora nyaya nhengo, kana vakakwanisa kunzwa kubva wehurukuro Danish Prince akakurumbira kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura "Kuti kuva kana kuti?", Ndeupi panguva imwecheteyo kuverenga inotevera mukamuri muvambi pachake. Hatigoni kutaura kuti mutongo pamusoro vatongi pamusoro rokutanga pafoni panyika yakanga unequivocal - kuva?

Basa mukana nhepfenyuro anonongedzera kuti telecommunication migero musayendisiti akatanga More muScotland. Paaiva America, akaramba kukura kwake. The pakuonekwa wokutanga foni munyika pave nemamwe akawanda anonakidza zvigadzirwa.

Somuenzaniso, pane imwe nguva Bella akakwanisa kusika rakasiyana yemagetsi piyano, vachibvumira kuchinjwa nokuda waya inzwi mumhanzi.

Kamwe boka "Western Union" akazivisa chihombe mari mubayiro kuna munhu aigona kuwana nzira wokushandura neteregiramu akawanda panguva imwe chete, uchishandisa imwe chete peya waya. Utungamiri akaedza kupa zvimwe teregirafu mitsetse, uye Bell akakwanisa kupa kwavari kurudyi mhinduro - achibatsirwa ayo budiriro vakava zvinogoneka wokushandura kusvika 7 neteregiramu pakarepo!

In ake zvinhu kwesayenzi Bell aishanda pamwe chete Thomas Watson, uye maererano nemitemo Electricians ake akabvunza yakakurumbira musayendisiti kubva Boston D. Henry.

Personal upenyu musayendisiti

June 11, 1877 Alexander Bell akaroora vaimbova mudzidzi wake Meybl Habbard. Mukadzi muvambi matsi munyika muduku, pazera makore mana, mushure vachirwara tsvuku fivhiri. Mushure wekuwana vaviri vakadzoka kumba Bell mu England. Pano, kuti muvambi aishingaira kutaurira munhu wose pamusoro zvinoshamisa kutaura teregirafu. "Telephone pfungwa" wakapiwa kunyange mhuri youmambo, ane nhengo vakasvika usingatsananguriki rinofadza.

Bhero wake akararama kwemakore 45. Zvose izvi zvikuru nguva pakati pavo akaramba noushamwari uye ushamwari.

Success uye kuzivikanwa

Mushure inozivikanwa uye makambani vakapfuma vakaramba kutenga kodzero nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi nhare, musayendisiti akasika kambani American Achitaura Telephone Company, izvo pashure nguva vakava pakukura munyika uye yakatanga kubereka anodzoka makuru. By March 1979, Aleksandr Bell wake vakagamuchira 15% of zvachose purofiti, uye nokuda 1883 mamiriro kwavo kwasvika runoshamisa chiratidzo miriyoni remadhora pakati.

Muna 1880, vakatanga yakahwina Volta. Bell akagamuchira mari yakawandisa kukura itsva chirongwa gramophone - mumwe dzokutanga munyika inzwi kurekodha mugadziriro, akasikwa pamwe chete Charles Sumner Tainter.

Panguva iyoyowo akaramba basa rake zvokurapa. Somuenzaniso, Yunivhesiti Heidelberg akakudza Bell honorary anoyamwa dhigirii nokuda kuitika ake mumunda acoustic physiology.

Kuvandudza foni akaenda. Muna 1881, akava akapotsa zvakazara operative.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Aleksandr Bell yake kuvamba hwakanyatsoponesa akashandura nyika zvachose pasi. Zvinosuruvarisa utano akatanga kukundikana musayendisiti. Kusvikira wokupedzisira mweya wake Mabel akaramba pedyo. Gare gare, iye akanyora ari dhayari yake kuti wokupedzisira anyerere shoko Bella akanga haawanzotauri oneka vachidzungudza minwe panguva iye akamubvunza kwete kumusiya. Muvambi akafa August 4, 1922. Sechiratidzo zvokuchema masayendisiti huru yose Canada neUnited States nhare dzose, izvo panguva iyoyo zvakanga vanopfuura mamiriyoni 13 kunge vakadzokera kure.

Interesting zvinhu kubva upenyu muvambi

Biography pamusoro Aleksandra Bella dzinonakidza pasi nemaduku mashoko. Saka, yakakurumbira musayendisiti aiva tsika kushanda bedzi murima, usiku. Dzimwe chinova chikonzero nokusawirirana uye kukakavadzana pakati vakaroorana. Understanding kufunganya Mabel Bell aita akadzokorora zvaari kudzokera "vakakwana" zuva nezuva, asi hapana havana kubudirira.

Uye August 15, 1877 pakati Alexander uye ake kunozivikanwa akararama Thomas Edison yakaita kuziva nharo, izvo pakupedzisira kuita nyasha chechipiri. Edison akaratidza kuti akakodzera kusarudzwa kukwazisa pakutanga foni kukurukurirana shoko "kwaziwai Wedzerai", iro muna Russia yakanga yachinjwa kuva chinozivikanwa kwatiri "kwaziwai". Sam dzenhare muvambi zvinganaka kushandisa shoko "ahoy", iro rinoshandurudza se, "Hei, ndiani ikoko?".

Zvinofadza kuti Bell pachake haana kushandisa foni - zvinotoda kutsauswa kubva kufunga uye kushanda. Asi kana mai vake kana mukadzi wake, akanga asina kukwanisa kutaura - vakanga zvachose matsi vose.