Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa neoplastic?

Vazhinji vanotya kuwana kenza, uye ndizvo zvairi. chirwere ichi ndiyo ngozi uye noutsinye. Zvinouraya Mugumisiro nokuda kenza iri munzvimbo yechipiri, shure chete ndiro rine chokwadi norufu chemwoyo. Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba chirwere se "neoplastic muitiro." Chii ichi chinoreva, Chokwadi hazvisi varwere vose. Vamwe kunyange vanofunga kuti ichi chinhu chakanaka kana kanenge kwete ngozi. Kutaura zvazviri, zvakadai chirwere ndiye neoplastic pezvakaitwa anowanikwa kenza. Ivo kukanganisa vanhu vemazera ose, kusanganisira vacheche, anogona kuva chero nhengo uye chero zvinyama muviri kwenguva refu asina kushanda pane imwe zvakaoma chaizvo kurapa uye achiipa yacho fungidziro nguva. Nyaya ino inokurukura kuti zvinokonzera kenza, kunyanya kwayo kukura uye nzira kurapwa.

The etiology anomera

Neoplastic pezvakaitwa nenzira yakasiyana inonzi neoplasia, iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "kukura itsva". Kunyatsoziva izwi iri Fani iyi - bundu, izvo zvinoreva mwero, kunyanyisa, kusingadzoreki kukura masero kanganisika kuti anogona kukanganisa chero muviri tishu. Neoplastic muitiro angatanga aine mutation muchitokisi chimwe chete, asi zviri kusiyaniswa maererano kugamuchirwa dzakawanda maitiro chete kana 1/3 masero ose chero nhengo anorasikirwa zvachiri akwegura uye kunoita mugomba itsva mamiriro. Saka, kutanga inotungamirwa masero kenza chinhu chinodiwa kuti kukura chirwere, asi ichi haisati vaiona. Kazhinji, ari neoplastic muitiro inotanga panzvimbo imwe. Kuumba inonzi bundu chepuraimari. Mune ramangwana, iyo Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga kukanganisa basa zvose dzevanhu nhengo, uye chirwere anova systemic. Funga zvinoitwa masero kenza.

kupatsanurana

muviri wedu rinoumbwa mamiriyoni masero. Vane maitiro kusiyana chidziro, zvichienderana nhengo kana zvinyama kushanda, izvo. Asi vose vari pasi rwakafanana mutemo - inonzi chinhanho wegadziriro rose. Over upenyu muchitokisi chimwe nechimwe, pane sequential sero kuchinja dzisina chokuita munhu neoplastic mutoo uye ndiyo mhinduro murayiro, izvo zvinoita muviri wake. Somuenzaniso, chokuwanziridza (weboka) kuti masero kunotanga chete kana anogamuchira zvakakodzera chiratidzo kubva kunze. Im ndiye kuvapo muna tsika svikiro uye 20% serum uye kukura zvinhu. Zvinhu izvi, achishandisa chaizvo receptors vari chakasvitswa kune "murayiro" sero kuberekana (kwetunhu mwanasikana mamorekuru) DNA, ndiko, kuti zviparadzanise. Masero kenza regai zvinoda varayirwa. Anobvuma kuti iye zvinomufadza, unpredictably uye zvisingadzoreki.

Second chisingaperi mutemo kuti masero ndechokuti anogona kutanga kuudza chete panyaya achabatanidza kuti imwe extracellular chizvaro, akadai fibronectin nokuda fibroblasts iri. Kana pasina kudiwa kunyange kana paine Zvinorayirwa kunze weboka hakuitiki. A kenza Sero mu chizvaro hakudi. Zvaakanga ari wake kusanduka, zvinowanisa "chikwata" yayo pamusoro weboka, uyo nokutendeka anoita.

Number muzvipoka

masero kurarama, munoti, munharaunda noushamwari yavo mhando. Izvi zvinoreva kuti weboka, kukura wavo haadi kanganisa pamusoro aripo mumwe. Kuwadzana mumwe uye pasi "Order" cytokines (ruzivo mamorekuru), vasisipo kuwanda, kana ichi haazombotaurwi kudiwa nhengo. Somuenzaniso, ndiye fibroblasts agovane kusvikira kuumba gobvu monolayer uye kumisa muchitokisi kutaura navo. Chaiwo neoplastic muitiro dzinoratidzwa pakuti kanganisika masero, kunyange kana vaine kare kwakakuomerai, ramba muwande, zvinokambaira pamusoro mumwe, kudzvinya masero pedyo, achiparadza navo uye kuuraya. Masero kenza regai sei "murayiro" cytokine kukura FIs kurega kuparadzanise, uye kunze, havasi kumisa kubereka kunobva avo mabasa vanoshorwa ezvinhu akadai hypoxia, kushaya nucleotides. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoita kwazvo rinopikisa - vanotanga kuvhiringidza kwetunhu masero utano, vanovamanikidza kubudisa zvinhu kwete zvakakodzera kwavari uye zvinodikanwa pachavo, nokudaro kukanganisa muviri. Uyezve, masero kenza vanokwanisa kupinda muropa uye kutamira wake iyezvino nomuviri uye kugadzirisa dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri kubva chikuru bundu, kureva, metastasize.

kusafa

Munyika hapana husingaperi. masero Healthy vanewo upenyu hupfupi apo vachiita nhamba yavo yakagoverwa muzvipoka, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma vofa. Fani iyi inonzi apoptosis. With payo, muviri anotsigira kodzero iye nhamba mumwe muchitokisi mhando. Neoplastic pezvakaitwa vanoonekwa ne chokwadi chokuti mutated masero "kanganwa" uwandu mumapoka, izvo wapuwa pachisikirwo, saka kusvika kwokupedzisira nhamba kuramba muwande mberi. Kureva ivo tikwanise vofa. Panguva iyo yakasiyana pfuma masero kenza wana mumwe - kutyorwa Kusiyanisa, kureva, namamota havagoni kuumba masero chaizvo kuti synthesize anodiwa mapuroteni, uye vanotanga kuwanda asati asvika kukura.

neoangiogenesis

A yakasiyana chinoratidza kenza kukwanisa avo chaizvo angiogenesis, i.e., nokuumbwa midziyo itsva ropa. In muviri wakasimba, angiogenesis kunoitika nenzira duku mari, semuenzaniso, pakugadzirwa kundirwadza vari kuporesa kana kuzvimba foci. Neoplastic pezvakaitwa kakawanda kuwedzera kushanda kwemuviri, nekuti kana namamota ari rakawedzerwa muviri haangavi kuonekwa midziyo ropa, kwete zvose kenza vari kuwana zvinovaka muviri kuti ivowo vaida. Mukuwedzera, midziyo ropa dzinoshandiswa mberi mberi achitevedza muviri (kuumbika metastases).

nemagene kusagadzikana

Kana sero chakaipa rinokamukana, mumwe chikamu akatiwanira chaiyo wawo. Under zvimwe zvinhu zvayo DNA kukundikana kuchiitika, uye pane kupesana "mwanasikana" - mumwe mutant, ane chero unhu hutsva. Kwakati naye kutendeukira kugoverana, pane kunyange masero mamwe wakashandurwa. Neoplastic pezvakaitwa kuitika apo zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza kunotouraya izvi. Yokusafa izvi masero vavo kushaya kubva kuzviisa pasi mirairo muviri kunoita kuti uwane nyanyisa dzakasiyana uye shingirira kuchiita bundu kukura.

zvikonzero

Sero anotanga kufamba zvisiri nokuda nokuchinja yayo DNA. Sei zvaitika, apo pasina mhinduro chaiyo, pane chete dzidziso, maererano izvo neoplastic pezvakaitwa anogona kutanga imwe mwero mukana.

1. nhaka magene kubatwa. Installations 200 Mhando kenza kukonzerwa magene abnormality anotevera majini:

'Akapindura kuti kuzoita tagovera DNA nzvimbo;

-regulates aiita pakati masero;

'Akapindura kuti kudzvanyirira bundu kukura.

2. Chemical zvinhu (carcinogens). Maererano nenhamba kubva WHO, ndivo basa 75% nyaya kenza. Kuzivikanwa carcinogens vari mudzanga utsi, nitrosamines, epoxides, zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon - 800 zvinhu uye dzavo yeimwe.

3. Physical yomuchipatara. Izvi zvinosanganisira nemwaranzi, nemwaranzi kugarotamba yakakwirira tembiricha iri zvinokuvadza.

4. Endogenous carcinogens. fuma iyi achiumbwa nhengo panguva hormone vachivavhiringidza, Kukundikana metabolic kwendangariro.

5. Oncoviruses. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane chinokosha mhando utachiona kuti inogona kumhanya neoplastic kwendangariro. Izvi zvinosanganisira herpes utachiona, papillomavirus, retrovirus, uye vamwe.

Murombo zvakatipoteredza, chenhando zvokudya, mukuru mupfungwa kunokonzerwa kunotungamirira pakuti mutant masero muvanhu vari kuramba achionekwa, asi kudzivirira kwavo masoja anoona uye anobvisa nguva. Kana rokuzvidzivirira simba, kuti kanganisika masero uchirarama uye vazova kenza.

Mhando anomera

Vanhu kazhinji bvunza, neoplastic muitiro, ndiko kenza kana kwete? The unequivocal mhinduro haadaro. namamota All vanokamurwa muzvikamu zviviri:

-dobrokachestvennye;

-zlokachestvennye.

Benign vaiona avo umo mumasero inogona kusiyaniswa, uye izvo musapa metastases.

Mugore akaipa bundu masero kazhinji zvachose vanorasikirwa fanano hwavo zvinyama kubva kwavakanga kumhuka. zvivako izvi zvine Kuwedzera, unyanzvi infiltration (kupinda mu pedyo nyama uye nhengo), vane metastasis uye pathological zvainoita yose muviri.

namamota Benign pasina kurapwa kazhinji kuva akaipa. Kusiyanisa vakadaro nemhando dzavo:

-epitelialnye (havana kwaanogara);

-epitelialnye mapundu pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri uye nemikombe;

-mezenhimalnye (zvinyoronyoro munyama);

-Muscular munyama;

anoshongwa uropi;

-organov tsinga;

-krovi (haemoblast);

-teratomy.

Makuriro Danho

Kupindura mubvunzo, neoplastic muitiro, ndiko kenza kana kwete, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vagumirwe sezvo precancer akaona pathogenesis anomera. Kune mhando mbiri kwayo;

-obligatny (dzinenge nguva dzose ichichinja kenza);

-fakultativny (akatendeuka kupinda kenza haisi nguva dzose). Opsioneel precancer anogona kutaurwa vanosvuta bronchitis kana chirwere gastritis.

Chero neoplastic muitiro hazvirevi kuva pakarepo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma, kazhinji achitanga atypical kuchinja zvose zviri zvakafanana keji. Danho iri rinonzi kudzidziswa. Saka muchitokisi kuonekwa oncogenes (chero Gene kuti ungadzivisa muchitokisi nyanyisa). The inozivikanwa oncogene p53, izvo kazhinji chinhu Anti oncogene, kuti iri kunetseka pave namamota, uye iye anodana, uye kana mutation.

Munyaya inotevera danho, yainzi kusimudzira masero kanganisika kwakadaro otanga.

Wechitatu Danho unonzi predinvazivnym. Panyaya iyi, bundu inokura, asi omunyika vehurumende vasati rakapinda.

Danho chechina - invasive.

Danho rechishanu - metastasis.

Zviratidzo neoplastic muitiro

In wokutanga kutotanga akatanga zvokurwara hakuiti unooneka. Zvakaoma chaizvo, kunyange zvidzidzo zvakadai Ultrasound, maekisirei, siyana Analyses. Zvadaro, varwere 'chaizvo zviratidzo, hunhu izvo kunoenderana localization chezvinhu bundu. Saka, ayo kukura paganda kana mapundu nebandauko chiratidzo compression, kukura mune-nzeve - kunzwa kurasikirwa ari musana - kunetseka kufamba, muuropi - chetsinga zviratidzo mumapapu - chikosoro ari dumbu - kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi kubuda ropa. Apo masero kenza vanotanga dzikambouya pedyo munyama, vari kuparadza navo midziyo ropa. Uku ndiko kunokonzera chitarisiko ropa iri secretions, kwete chete kubva sikarudzi. Saka, ropa riri weti zvingaitika kana kuva neoplastic muitiro itsvo, dundira kana Urinary turakiti zvirwere, ropa riri pachituru zvingaratidza mangwanani kenza ari paura, ropa kubva munyatso - bundu iri zamu. Zviratidzo zvakadaro anofanira kukunetsa uye manikidza nokukurumidza kuwana chiremba.

Chimwe chiratidzo mangwanani ndiyo inonzi zviduku zviratidzo syndrome. Its chikuru chepfungwa ndiyo-siyana zviratidzo. General anganzi kupopota varwere 'simba, kurukutika, yomuka pakarepo akasvetuka ari tembiricha, asingatsananguriki nokushatiriswa kana nekusiyana, kusafarira zvose, kurasikirwa kudya, uye iri maererano emaciation.

Panguva Zvakazoitwa mumatanho, zviratidzo kudhaka, uyewo atindivare ganda jaundiced ane Hue rakachenuruka, ungaderedza ganda turgor, kenza cachexia.

Kana mapundu ari uropi nokuti kuti muviri shoma maererano nemapfupa dehenya, uye kukura nebundu nzvimbo ishoma chaizvo, uyewo kwezvikonzero specificity neimwe pfungwa nzvimbo mashandiro, zviratidzo hunhu kuti kubvumira kusiyanisa localization. Saka, zviri neoplastic kwacho shure pachena chimiro murwere chiratidzo, ruvara maonero nyonganyonga. Kana nzira zvenyama munharaunda zviratidzo haina kuchengetwa, asi pane auditory zvisipo. Bundu iri frontal akafukidza murwere kunoratidzwa chirwere chepfungwa, matauriro ake, uye muna parietal mudunhu zvaipesana gwenya nerevane aikanganiswa. Cerebellar zviratidzo - kakawanda kurutsa uye zvinotyisa nomusoro, uye maronda uropi hunde - achinetseka pakuparadza, kufema zvirwere, kukundikana basa zhinji nhengo dzomukati.

Mumazuva okupedzisira zvokukura kenza muvarwere zvose kuona marwadzo, izvo zvinogona chete kusunga marwadzo zvinodhaka.

Diagnostics

Kuti asimbise chirwere kuti "neoplastic muitiro," varwere ndavhiyiwa nhevedzano miedzo uye varayire misoro ongororo. Recently kazhinji kuita nemiedzo kuti bundu zvezvinangwa. Ava zvinhu anogona kuratidza kuvapo nhengo iri neoplastic kwacho, kunyange tanga. Uyezve, vakawanda bundu zvezvinangwa chaizvo, avo uwandu kunowedzera chete bundu zvavo mune munhu nenyere. Somuenzaniso, bundu zvechinguvana Mapisarema kunoratidza kuti nyaya akatanga prostate neoplastic muitiro, uye CA-15-3V oncomarker neoplastic kwacho mammary shwanu. The marapirwo kuongorora kuti bundu zvezvinangwa ndechokuti kuti kuwedzera ropa uye mune dzimwe nezvirwere dzisiri neoplastic kwendangariro.

Nokuti nechirwere murwere rinoitwa Analyses dzakadaro:

-Analysis ropa, weti;

-UZI;

-KT;

-MRT;

-angiografiyu;

-biopsiyu (ichi chinhu chinokosha zvikuru, pachisara naro kwete chete ticherechedze pamberi kenza, asi zvaro padanho pakukura).

Kana uchifungidzira nekenza bowel rinoitwa:

- kuongorora mutsvina yadzo kuvapo zvouroyi ropa;

-fibrosigmoskopiyu;

-rektomonoskopiyu.

Neoplastic pfungwa muitiro yakanakisisa dzakaonekwa ne MRI. Kana murwere contraindicated iyi mhando nechirwere, akaita CT. Uyewo kuti namamota uropi dzinoita:

-pnevmoentsefalografiyu;

-elektroentsefalogrammu (eeg);

-radioizotopnoe kushanda pakuvheneka;

-spinnomozgovuyu ponji.

mabatiro

Kana urwere akarova vana, kurapwa kwavo runosanganisira kunyanya mishonga uye radiotherapy, kuvhiya haawanzopiwi kuitwa. Nokuti kurapa vanhu vakuru vanoshandisa iripo nzira dzose dzakakodzera imwe pavaipfuura neoplastic kwacho uye zvichienderana nenzvimbo yaro nzvimbo:

-himioterapiyu (systemic kurapwa kukanganisa muviri wose);

-luchevuyu uye radiotherapy (ekushandiswa zvakananga bundu ingachinja pedyo munzvimbo utano);

-gormonoterapiyu (zvakagadzirirwa kubudisa mahormone kuti tunodzivisa kukura kana kuparadza bundu, akadai prostate neoplastic muitiro unogona yacho kudzikira testosterone mumatunhu);

-immunoterapiyu (chokwadi kunokanganisa muviri wose);

imwe shasha kurapa (masayendisiti ari kuedza kutsiva munhu mutated Gene pamusoro chakaipa p53);

-hirurgicheskuyu mashandiro (anogona kuitwa kuti kubvisa bundu kana kuti kuderedza kutambura murwere Akaroromesawo rakawedzerwa inoperable bundu pedyo tishu).

mataridzikiro

Neoplastic muitiro - harisi mutongo. In vana, nokuti kuti muviri wavo muduku anogona kupora nokukurumidza, kuti anozivisa wakanaka muna 90% nyaya, kana kukura anomera dzakaonekwa panguva mangwanani nzendo. Asi kunyange pashure nzendo kuziva vana inogona zvizere yevanorwara zvikuru.

In vakuru, yakanaka fungidziro nokuda Danho rokutanga bundu rakanga 80% uye pamusoro. In danho rechitatu zvakanaka mugumisiro kurapa iri kuchengetwa 30% -50% nyaya (zvichienderana nzvimbo uye zvinoratidza mumwe inotungamirwa womunhu muviri). In danho wechina maererano nenhamba kubva 2% 15% wevarwere pashure kurapa mhenyu 5 makore kana kupfuura. Izvi nhamba kuvimba nzvimbo bundu. Muduku zvakanaka fungidziro mune kenza yeprostate, uye uropi.