Ndezvipi kweArctic uye Antarctic? Muganhu kweArctic. Nzvimbo kweArctic. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweArctic

Munyaya ino tinoda kutaura chii kweArctic ndiye. Avo refu sekondari, sezvinoita mutemo, pakarepo ane zvishoma kutiudza nezvazvo. Ngatiyeuke chikoro jogirafi kosi.

Ndezvipi kweArctic uye Antarctic?

Vose mashoko aya anoreva venyika, yaiva pedyo nematanda. imwe nhengo idzi chete ndowenyika North Pole, uye mumwe - kusvikira South. Kazhinji, hazvishamisi, uye kurasika mumashoko. Uye zvose nekuti mashoko akafanana ari inzwi, asi vachiri chete mudzi.

KweArctic uye Antarctic Mashoko echiGiriki mavambo, asi, imwe Greek yekare. Panobva mashoko - mudzi "Arktos" zvinoreva nebere. Nei nebere?

Ungangove, nyaya nezvenyeredzi. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda renyeredzi rinonzi mazita magamba mungano yechiGiriki: Centaur, Orion, Andromeda, Cassiopeia, Pegasus, Taurus, Cepheus. Kusanganisira Little Dipper uye Big. Saka, zviri renyeredzi pamusoro Ursa Minor ndiye North Star, iri kushanda iri North Pole. nyeredzi iyi pinpoints kuchamhembe dzaizotungamirira hemisphere (North).

Apo zita

Hazvina musoro kufunga kuti zita rinobva sezvinotevera. Kohl Polar Star iri muna Ursa Minor uye Ursa - Arktos inoratidza kutonga rwokumusoro, ichi uye peArctic. Zvakaratidza kuti kweArctic - rwokumusoro Earth.

Asi Antarctica akanzi, maererano nemitemo yomutauro wechiGiriki, uhwo pakatarisana ukoshi rine chivakashure "Anti". Heino pane kubvuma nezvekwakabva mazita Arctic uye Antarctic.

Arctic

Saka chii kweArctic? It zviri munyika yakabatana North Pole. Chinosanganisira Continental kumahombekombe kuNorth America, Eurasia, rinenge rose Arctic Ocean uye chitsuwa, uyewo dzimwe nzvimbo pedyo zvePacific uye Atlantic mumakungwa. Kubva kuchamhembe muganhu kweArctic taurwa riri kweArctic Circle. Zviri 66 madhigirii uye 33 maminitsi North Latitude. Muchiitiko chino, tinogona kutaura kuti kweArctic nzvimbo mamiriyoni 21 mativi makiromita.

The okunze kweArctic zvishoma manyoro kupfuura Antarctic nokuti anosimudzirwa yomugungwa dzenzvimbo.

Antarctic

Antarctica - ndiro rwezasi polar chepasi, inova yakabatana South Pole uye unosanganisira Antarctica uye zvikamu Indian, Atlantic, Pacific munyanza. The okunze ari Antarctica zvakawanda kwazvo. Zviri musha PENGUIN.

muganhu Arctic

vari kumigumo kupi kana otanga Arctic? muganhu Arctic taurwa, sezvatakagamuchira akati, pamusoro Northern siyana. Asi kazhinji chando (chando) Mamiriro ezvinhu vanoonekwa mune zvakawanda southerly kumatunhu. Zvadaro, kufungisisa avo nzvimbo nzvimbo kweArctic anouya mamiriyoni 27 mativi makiromita. Saka, zvinoita kuchaita uye muganhu wayo.

Arctic mapazi - munhu akapfuma kwazvo nharaunda, pasinei utsinye okunze. Pano vari pfungwa zvikuru reserves zvicherwa: sirivha, nedhaimani, ndarama, chromium, phosphorus uye vamwe vakawanda. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweArctic kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti ndeye mashoma dzenyika, umo saka kure vakaramba isina kumbobatwa matura yeHydrocarbon uye chicherwa mbishi zvekushandisa. Uyezve, nharaunda iri akapfuma mafuta uye gasi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kumaodzanyemba muganhu kweArctic taurwa (chete) pamuganhu wokumaodzanyemba pamusoro achinaya mvura.

Kazhinji, zvinofadza zvikuru uye yakakura nharaunda. Uye kutaura apo muganhu kweArctic, zvinobvira kwenguva refu. Hazvisi nyore.

Kunyange zvazvo iri yoga nzvimbo, asi muganhu kweArctic kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Pane imwe nzira hatina kare kutaurwa. Zviri 66 madhigirii uye 33 maminitsi North Latitude. E. Muganhu kweArctic taurwa riri kweArctic Circle. Kuchamhembe Latitude iyi kucherechedza anonakidza chakajairika kuti sezvo polar masikati uye polar usiku. Uye kuti zvinoreva munzvimbo muzhizha zuva haripi imwe nguva, uye dzimwe nguva zuva haana rinobuda muchando. Heino huru chinhu.

In mazwi kwemamiriro okunze Pamuganhu kweArctic wakaitwa ndima, apo paavhareji July tembiricha hakuiti kupfuudza inegumi. An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti izvi ndizvo muganhu zvinomera nekuti miti kuchamhembe asiri kurarama.

Climatic uye nzvimbo miganhu kweArctic taurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Pano, somuenzaniso, Iceland ndiro tsime kumaodzanyemba kweArctic Circle, asi zvisinei kune July tembiricha haapfuuri 10 inegumi.

Wepasi Arctic

Arctic ndima, kana pane, nyika yayo, nzvimbo mamiriyoni 14 mativi makiromita. Idzi ine zvakanyanyisa hwokumusoro Holdings vanoverengeka inotaura. Zviri Russia, Zimbabwe, Canada, USA, Norway, Iceland, Finland neSweden.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweArctic uye zvakaguma yakadaro dzinonakidza ezvinhu. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Canada uye Russian Federation ndowenyika ruzhinji (80%), United States - 4 muzana, uye Air nyika vakatamira vanenge gumi muzana. Chetatu nharaunda - ndiwo kweArctic Ocean, iyo anogeza pamusoro North Pole. Vazhinji gore riri yakafukidzwa chando.

Dzimwe nguva hazvisi kukosha chaizvo, kumuganhu kweArctic taurwa kubva nenzvimbo nemaonero, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro yoga zvikamu izvozvo kunyika dzakasiyana. nharaunda iyi inogona rakakamurwa nenzvimbo nharaunda: yokuRussia vematunhu, nharaunda Canada, Alaska, Zimbabwe, Spitsbergen, Iceland uye Fennoscandia.

In kweArctic, Russia ndezvaiye Kolguev (Island), North pasi, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, New Siberian Islands, Wrangel, etc. Mukuwedzera, kuRussia kweArctic mapazi ndezvevanhu zvishomanana kana zvakazara zvinotevera: .. Sakha Republic, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Murmansk , Chukotka District, Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets uye Taimyr kweItari.

Chii rakafanana kweArctic?

Kutaura chii kweArctic ndiko, ndinoda kuona kuti hazvina chete chando chando, sezvo vamwe vanhu vafunge. Kutaura zvazviri, fauna of uye nemiti nharaunda iyi zvikuru nemamwe. Kunyunguduka uye gwenga arctic inogarwa dzinenge 20,000 siyana kwemarudzi zvinomera, notumwe tupukanana mhuka uye tupukanana tusingaoneki. Zviri musha mhuka yakasiyana uye zvirimwa zvikure, iyo isina kuwanikwa kumwe Panyika. Kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza kwakadaro National Parks kuti hunhu kuchengetedza. The okunze latitudes izvi nzvimbo yadzinogara yakakodzera nokuda mamwe marudzi fauna of uye kasvisto. Somuenzaniso, muna kweArctic vane 25% kwemarudzi ose hurongwa salmonids, vanenge 12% kubva lichens uye mosses 6%.

Sezvingatarisirwa, nemiti uye fauna of chaizvo vanoiswa richiparadzirwa dzakadaro. Tupukanana, akadai kurarama pano, vanoumba hafu kwemarudzi kusiyana panyika. Oddly zvakakwana, asi zvikuru mukutsungirira ndivo zvipembenene uye nhunzi, anogona kumira kutonhora kusvikira kubvisa matanhatu inegumi. Bumblebees uye mosikito Arctic pollinate maruva dzeko, uye chaizvoizvo hapana inenge pasina nyuchi. Sezvaunogona kuona, kweArctic - haisi upenyu nharaunda, sezvo vazhinji vanotenda.

In nemaonero vanhu kufanana nevechiduku kuti muganhu kweArctic kunge dzinozivikanwa vaiita permafrost, uye vanhuwo nyika, asi chaizvoizvo hazvina kudaro. Sezvaunogona kuona, upenyu kunyange munharaunda utsinye.

chirimwa nyika

Nokuti nemiti hwokufananidzira nyonganyonga panyaya kumaodzanyemba (Asian uye American) zvirimwa Arctic uye kakasaririra. On kumaodzanyemba mujinga Chukotka vane inowanzorimwa nzvimbo. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti kamwe zvose kweArctic aiva hwakasimba inowanzorimwa (mumazuva mammoths). Vakapfuma zvinomera kweArctic nharaunda - iri kumahombekombe Chukotka uye Wrangel Island. Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi mana mhando nemhuka kuti urarame marangwanda, kumwe munyika regai kuitika.

Zvinomera chinomiririrwa zviyo, polar poppies, sedges, the willow, lichen, zvipfupi Birch, liverworts, mosses (pano inokura akakurumbira lichen - poro Moss). Chaun Bay pamhenderekedzo Chukotka zvavo ibhuku rakasiyana nzvimbo. Kune mumatenhere pamusoro matope, uye zvisaririra kare, warm emakore.

Arctic miti - hwaro upenyu hwevanhu nemhuka munzvimbo idzi. In zvokudya inoshandiswa russules, cloudberries, lichens uye miriwo. In Iceland, Somuenzaniso, kare akaita kudya uye zvakabikwa chingwa chinobva zvavo lichen (ainzi Tsentrariya). Ndiye mutungamiri pamusoro zviri zvisaririra okunze, mavhitaminzi, polysaccharides, siyana acids. Iyewo anoita somunhu chokukomborerwa kuchena kwezvakatipoteredza.

mhuka nyika

Arctic Rondedzero kwaizova kukwana pasina kutaurwa mhuka. Munharaunda iyi yaigarwa mhuka yakaisvonaka okumusoro - poro, iro rine kukosha muupenyu duku zvizvarwa zvemo. For anongofamba poro ndiko kwaibva simba - ndiwo mukaka, nyama, matehwe, nyanga. All mishonga izvi zvinoita kuchinja uye kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu yakaderera chaizvo tembiricha. Yemhuka - chinokosha chaizvo chigadzirwa, rimwe magiramu zana nyama zvakakwana nechokwadi mavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa munhu nokuti zuva rose. Uyezve, mhuka anoita chakakuvara, beriberi, muviri zvirwere uye kupererwa neropa.

Vanhu dzaichengetwa poro kwezviuru zvemakore, kurimwa yavo rava tsika basa rwekuchamhembe dzavanhu. Asi marudzi North America haana domesticate mhuka, ivo vanosarudza kunovhima caribou.

Nhamba huru poro mhenyu Yamalo-Nenets district apo zviuru mhuka akafura.

Arctic musk nzombe

Vachiri kurarama kweArctic musk nzombe - the ungulates pakukura, ivo nehama mammoths. Animals zvinoshamisa kujairana upenyu ezvinhu akaoma. Warm refu bhachi anovadzivirira nechando uye mhepo, havana kunyanya kuda zvokudya. Musk nenzombe kare vanobatanidzwa Red muBhuku Russia. Pari, vanogara chete pamusoro Taimyr Peninsula uye Wrangel Island. On yeCanada zvitsuwa, nhamba yavo nguva dzose inokura. Kusvikira mukutanga ramakumi remakore, vaigara Alaska. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti mhuka aigona kuchinja nzvimbo nokuda kwepasi, nekuti vakanga vasingagoni kurarama munyika dzose mvura kuti nyoro shinda. Kuderedza uwandu mhuka sei uye vavhimi. The dzinongoitika dzinogarisana polar mapere vanomiririra nengozi kuti nondo uye nokuda musk nzombe.

Nokuti zvemo vanhu kweArctic ari chetsika chokunyengera, nekuti pane yakawanda makava, weasels, wolverines, mapere uye polar makava.

Chinokosha ngetani zvokudya nemakonzo netsuro. Hamsters kudya lemmings rimwe zuva nehafu nguva yakawanda nezvokudya pane pachavo era.

nyika Shiri

KweArctic musha inenge hafu mhando pamahombekombe shiri pasi pose, ndinofanira kutaura kuti vane simba pakuderedza pakati zvomumvura uye kumahombekombe enyika. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kumhenderekedzo pasina "rookeries", chinonyanya mapoka gulls, fulmars, cormorants, guillemots, murres vari pano.

Muna pfupi mwedzi chirimo mhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean matendere 280 eshiri. Rare uye vachiita shiri, kurera vana nendege Africa, Europe, Antarctica, Asia. Taimyr Somuenzaniso, kare zvakurukurwa nzvimbo inokosha shorebirds uye waterfowl kutama. KweArctic musha chikuru vanhu shiri chena, izvo rinopedza pamusoro Wrangel Island. In Yakutia kurarama chena Crane uye Crane chena - mumwe rarest zvipenyu panyika.

Marine mhuka

Zviratidzo kweArctic vava mhuka zvomumvura. Zvisinei, mabasa kusingadzorwi evanhu zvakakonzera kuti mamwe marudzi vave zvinenge chose aparadzwe. Chinonyanya kukosha mhuka huru dunhu - the Bheya rakamira pachando. Kazhinji kune 19 vanhu, mumwe nomumwe chine 22 zviuru mhuka. Mabheya vari Semi-hwemvura mararamiro, ivo dzinoberekera pamhenderekedzo Chukotka Cape Chishuvo musi Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land. huru romumhenderekedzo yegungwa walrus rookeries dziri pachitsuwa Wrangel. Iyi ndiyo chete nzvimbo yakachengeteka kwavari.

Hunting pamusoro polar samapere yagara pamutemo kurambidzwa. Asi vagari Groenland uye Canada haana chaizvo vairemekedza nokurambidzwa, achivaratidza marezinesi kunovhima, nemhaka iyo vakauraya kusvikira mhuka 350 pagore.

Alaska uyewo gore negore mvumo yacho kubatwa kuti hove huru uye bowhead hove huru.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Sezvo chikamu nyaya tichataura pamusoro coldest kumatunhu panyika. Sezvataona, hazvina basa apo muganhu kweArctic rinoitwa pamepu, nokuti zvose zvakafanana mune upenyu kunyange muzasizasi tembiricha. Kunyange munzvimbo idzi ine kasvisto ayo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.