Nhoroondo Pacchiwaku (zvishoma). Nhoroondo Pacchiwaku muRussia

Chidobi Pacchiwaku kare anozivikanwa munyika dzakawanda. zviri vaigadzirira nziyo siyana - wezvidimbu mapatani - kubva chekawo muenzaniso rejira scraps sezvo mavara uye monochromatic. Tine okugadzira zvinhu wakanzi Pacchiwaku (Calico) waMosesi.

Mune nziyo akaita unyanzvi ichi, hapana vanooneka vazvo nechemberi kurutivi chigadzirwa, vakasiyana application (nashivaniya makwapa akasvibirika ari muenzaniso chete). Both nzvimbo anogona kuvapo uye zvakakwana pamwe mumwe imwe chete chinhu.

History Pacchiwaku ichifarirwa nevakawanda. Sei uye kana tsika iyi kujairika haana "inounganidzwa" zvidimbu rejira zvinhu? Umo nyika iye akaberekwa? Ngativhurei zvishoma kutsanya mberi kusvika kare.

Nhoroondo kwaita Pacchiwaku

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro unyanzvi iri kuonekwa England. Asi chokwadi, nhoroondo kwaita Pacchiwaku chokuita ine zvikuru kare. The National Museum of Cairo ndokumisa nzwisa nomusoro, waimira sezvo mashoko nokuda redehwe ganda zvimedu nemhara, nyanzvi dzinoti 980 BC. e. In Tokyo, guta miziyamu rine anguva dhirezi pazera zvazvinoitawo Pacchiwaku avaiita. Muna 1920, Chirungu akiyorojisiti A. Stein rakawanikwa yechiBhudha makapeti, kureva nehasha kune IX remakore, zvemamongi hwakawanda vaisona zvipfeko zvidimbu vechinamato.

Nhoroondo kwaita Pacchiwaku mu Europe hakuna zvishoma zvinonakidza. Pane kufungidzira kuti nebasa kwaizvozvo kubva East pamwe chete rinodzokera kubva muHondo parutivi Knights, vaitakura navo mikombe pamakapeti, mireza, zvipfeko uye micheka. Zvadaro, pane pakuguma XVIII remakore, vatama kubva kuEngland, Holland uye Germany akauya Pacchiwaku unyanzvi kuna America, uko kwave yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika uye rava mhando National okugadzira zvinhu.

zita Western kuti unyanzvi ichi - Pacchiwaku. Izvi zvinobatsira uye chipa chimiro unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira pakutanga hwaivapo muEngland, apo XVI remakore vakauya kubva kuIndia kunze donje micheka inobwinya mapatani uye mavara. A maitiro chiratidzo kubudirira mumba somutariri luxuriously yakashongedzwa muenzaniso yakadhindwa kana nomusoni Indian negumbeze.

England sezvo pamba Pacchiwaku

Sezvo chepakutanga dzayaitonga zvinhu hakusi zvose zvakanga kutengeka, Chirungu kutsanya zvakakwana manufactures akanga nyanzvi kugadzirwa fakes - magumbezi omunharaunda kugadzirwa rakagadzirwa kupinza micheka. Sezvo 1712 hurumende England kutanga kwavo kugadzira indasitiri rakarambidzwa kupinza uye vanotengesa Indian donje uye zvaro. Kubvira ipapo, nhoroondo Pacchiwaku munyika ambopiwa riwedzere kukura.

Chintz akava contraband uye zvinodhura. Kusona dzake, wakawondereiko kudai zvinyama vakasara Englishwoman wakakomberedzwa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa - zvikurukuru zvikumbiro amakwai nomucheka micheka. The duku scraps unganidzwa kuva waMosesi kuti vaumbe jira chete.

Nhoroondo Pacchiwaku muRussia

In nyika yedu, kududzwa unyanzvi ichi vanowanikwa kubva XIX remakore, pakaberekwa kutengeswa dzinodhura mhiri kwemakungwa Calico. Parainge yakasvika muna art mukupera XIX remakore., Nokuda kutanga kugadzirwa Calico nokuda muchina pamusoro manufactures uye ubiquity pakati Micheka chisingakoshi nedonje, akadhindwa muenzaniso. Saka, munyika yedu, nhoroondo yose Pacchiwaku muchidimbu wakaderedzwa kusvika pakuonekwa maindasitiri kugadzirwa ari Whitehead Textile zvekutepfenyura.

Calico Shirts uye sundresses kwazvo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. The kushongedzwa kazhinji vakashumira Pacchiwaku muenzaniso. Kuchengetedza Madzimai epamusha wevaduku chakavambwa Calico scraps vasara pashure kutema mbatya, unganidza yakawanda anobatsira zvinhu - uye magumbeze, uye maketeni, uye rugs, uye mutsamhiro, uye zvakawanda.

Takasikwa Russia

Nhoroondo Pacchiwaku munyika yedu yave rakagara richidudzirwa kungogumira Nzira kuti "musha" mapatani - nemudrenoy wezvidimbu zvokuridza, dzinoungana, mavanga uye achisiyanisa inopenya ruvara inoisa. Kupfuura dzinonakidza uye chinoshamisa-dimensional matatu zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kunzi kwese kuti Russian kusona.

Musimboti unyanzvi uyu sezvinotevera. scraps All dzinobviswa pamusoro mapatani ari muchimiro sikweya kana denderedzwa, uye nezvimwe zvokuridza vari aumba. Avo dzikarongwa mumitsara uye kusona mudenderedzwa kuna nechigadziko, iyo inoshanda sezvo jira gobvu. Munogonawo - chinokosha unotemwa kupinda rinoparadza, izvo refu tambo vari vakaruka. Zvadaro rakarukwa chirukwa-tambo. Vakawanda mhotsi dzangu idzi mavara akasiyana akaisa pamusoro jira kumativi uye vaisona pamwechete.

Uye nhasi?

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri (kureva makore 70) paiva sefungu mutsva fashoni zvipfeko, zvishongo uye omukati mu achabatira mhanya, panogasa patsva kufarira unyanzvi ichi. mhando iyi chevarwere kuziva mumamiziyamu, tora kuunganidza mimwe mishonga.

Izvi kwaiva muunganidzwa yose ounyanzvi ose chevarwere Arts and Crafts (izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti nhoroondo Pacchiwaku ane emakore akawanda). Uye akachengetwa muna Russian Museum of Decorative-Zvakarurama uye Folk Art muMoscow, State Russian Museum muSt Petersburg, Ivanovo Calico Museum uye nhoroondo yeguta racho mamiziyamu vakawanda. Pacchiwaku akakwezva vazhinji ano Nyanzvi.

Zviri nyore kuti kusona Pacchiwaku nayo?

Nzira iyi hakusi nyore sezvo zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. Kubva the artist inoda kwete chete nhaka kusona unyanzvi, asiwo anokunyengedzera pfungwa zvidavado, ruvara, uye, chokwadi, zvakafanana kuravira. A yakanaka mugumisiro zvinogoneka chete panguva mukuru nemazvo nokuveza uye stapling zvinhu. Musiyano rinoreva munhu millimeters shoma anogona kukonzera misalignment yose chigadzirwa. Kunodiwa kuti mukudzidzire zvose Chinyorwa uye muchina Musono (rokuti "chamboko" riri kuvheneka kuburikidza Pedhi nedonje shinda batt rukoko kana mumwe zvinhu, akaisa pakati maviri akaturikidzana ane decoration jira). Musono vangava mapatani siyana, mamwe munoshongedza chigadzirwa.

Chii haana kusona vanatenzi ose siyana bvarurwa! Ivo akasika zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana - kubva dhende nezvidhori, magumbeze, tablecloths, pamakusheni, maketeni, hari yokuisira, rugs kune ukomba uye mifananidzo, uyewo zvikwama, Mabhachi uye vanamajasi. Zvaakanga kuva kuravira, yokudhirowa ane rusununguko zvakakwana pakusarudzwa machira uye gadziriro pachake, nguva dzose nemamwe muenzaniso wavo.

Vadzidze subtleties yemabviro nounyanzvi zvinoda kushivirira uye vatungamirire nguva. Asava mutendi mutsva tsono vakadzi vanogona here kuti vaite rimwe nyore yemudzimu duku saizi Somuenzaniso, chipini. In kugadzirwa chero chinhu ari Pacchiwaku unyanzvi anofanira kutanga kubatana vakaroorana mukudzidzire mavara akasiyana rectangular zvokuridza akaenzana ari square, ichiteverwa kugadzirira dzaiungana nezvisungo izvi, pashure inozotevera dzinoverengeka muchinjikwa Linking kwavakuru iri chichiitwa web.

Chii chinodiwa the artist

Zvakakodzera chezvinonhuwira kubudirira - kuvapo neatness uye kuravidza art. The sezvamunoita iri kungava kwakaita mumaziso, makobiri zvinyama vanofanira kuva gedye nokuda ruvara. Kunobudirira geometric mhinduro anogona kupa murwiyo rakasiyana nemamwe zvechokwadi ruvara. Difficulty kunoitika pamwe scraps kuva, kuwedzera kune inokosha muenzaniso, rimwe muzvizhinji kuti nopindirana mavara uye maketeni. Vanoumba mumwe dandemutande tenzi chete anofanira nguva kutarisa sei kubudirira. Uye chinhu chikuru basa rake anotaura kwete dzidziso ruvara anofambidzana, uye pachake kunzwisisa.

Parinouya uye inotiratidza yemaguta-siyana Pacchiwaku ounyanzvi. In kushongedzwa womukicheni anovonekwa tablecloth, chinoshamisira napkins, mavara potholders vari mubhedhuru - magumbeze, zvose zvamarudzi magumbeze pillowcases. Kamwe muimba yokutandarira, tinofanira kuteerera decoration noukomba, uye mbatya nenhumbi zvinochengeterwa mudura chikwama, mabhegi uye kunyange zvipfeko - kunogona wakasununguka quilted bhachi kana rokwe muchirimo iri zvavo manyorero.

ano kuitikawo

Nhasi Pacchiwaku kunokwezva zvose Nyanzvi uye DIY iyi. Mumwe vaneshungu pamusoro kusona magumbeze, tsime kurudziro kuti nyika unyanzvi, mumwe akasarudza kugadzira mbatya, decoration akapfuma siyana National Russian inoita.

In chero nyaya kurondwa interlacing ano kusona mitoo pamwe chevarwere tsika, uye kuburikidza kuti - tinzwisise tsika nhaka kare. Nokuti kupenga pamucheka yeRussian manyorerwo kunoratidzwa rinokosha nokubwinya, "kunakidzwa" mavara. The mapatani varipo multicolor nguva dzose, pane zvakatooma kutsanangura chichinyatsobatanidzwa siyana mavara motifs, jira akawanda textures.

In akawanda mumaguta Russian, mafeni iyi inoshamisa chepakutanga Ndiwe vakaronga makirabhu dzavo. Fans Pacchiwaku kuchengeta vadyi zviitiko, misangano, kuratidzira uye mitambo, kusvikira Implementation kuti dzakawanda zvirongwa.

Nhoroondo Pacchiwaku haina rakapera uye mumazuva edu. Munyika kutengeserana iri patsva patsva, nyika zhinji anoti kuva pokutanga mumunda rikashandiswa hwemashiripiti. Zvichida yakarurama nezvacho iye yemarudzi uri - ndorwevaya yose. Kufanana nedzimwe mhando romubati okuti, zviri nyore uye unonzwisisika mutauro kudyidzana pakati vamiririri akasiyana zvitendero uye marudzi.