Munyori Marietta Shaginyan: biography, zvisikwa, zvinonakidza chokwadi

Soviet munyori Marietta Shaginyan anoonekwa somumwe wevanyori vekuRussia vanyori vengano munguva yake. Mutori wenhau uye munyori, nhetembo uye mutori wenhau, mukadzi uyu aiva nechipo chomunyori uye unyanzvi hunogumbura. Yaiva Marietta Shaginyan, uyo mavhesi ake ainyanya kuzivikanwa munguva yehupenyu hwake, maererano nevatsoropodzi, akaita kuti ave nechipo chakakosha kumanyorero echiRussia-Soviet ekupera kwegumi nemapfumbamwe uye kutanga kwemazana makumi maviri.

Kuzadzika kwewe pachako semunyori uye munyori anouya kune munhu kubva pane zvakasikwa. Uye kana munhu mumwe chete tarenda uye nyota yehupenyu, kuda kwezivo uye kushamisa kunoshamisa, kunobatanidza nenzira inoshamisa, munhu uyu ane nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo. Ndizvozvo chaizvo izvo Marietta Shaginyan aiva.

Biography

Munyori weramangwana akazvarwa muMoscow, mumhuri yeArmenian intellectuals musi waMarch 21, 1888. Baba vake, Sergei Davydovich, vakanga vari muzinda weMoscow State University. Marietta Shahinyan akagamuchira dzidzo yakazara. Pakutanga akadzidza pachikoro chega, uye gare gare paRzhev gymnasium. Kubva muna 1906, yatanga kubudiswa. Muna 1912, Marietta akapedza chikoro kubva ku Faculty of History uye Philosophy paVadzidzi Vakakwirira veVaGer'e. Anoenda kuSt. Petersburg. Iko pano, muguta reNeva, munyori weramangwana uye mutori wenhau anozoziva uye mune ramangwana nzira dzakadai seCoryphaeuses seZN Gippius uye DS Merezhkovsky.

Kubvira muna 1912 kusvikira muna 1914, musikana akadzidza uzivi seSayenzi paYunivhesiti yeHeidelberg muGermany. Nhetembo dzeGoethe dzakange dzine simba rakasimba pakuumbwa kwebasa rake. Muna 1913, boka rokutanga rakabudiswa, munyori waro akanga asiri kuzivikanwa kune ani zvake Shaginyan Marietta Sergeevna. Ndima dzeEastalia, chaizvoizvo, dzakamuita mukurumbira.

Kubva muna 1915 kusvika muna 1919 Marietta Shaginyan anogara muRostov-on-Don. Pano anoshanda semunyori wemapepanhau akawanda, akadai se "Labor Speech", "Priazovsky Krai", "Handicraft Voice", "Gungwa Dzvuku Gungwa", nezvimwewo. Nenguva imwe chete, munyori anodzidzisa aesthetics uye nhoroondo yehutano paRostov Conservatory.

Mushure me1918

Marietta Shahinyan akashinga kugamuchira revolution. Gare gare, akati kwaari kwaiva chiitiko chaiva ne "chiKristu-chinyorwa chimiro." Muna 1919, akashanda semudzidzisi Donnar, uye akazogadzwa mutevedzeri wechikoro chekucheka. Muna 1920, Shaginyan akatamira kuPetrograd, uko akabatanidzwa kwemakore matatu nepepanhau Izvestia yePetrograd Soviet, uye muna 1948 aiva munyori wepamusoro pamapepanhau Pravda naIzvestia. Muna 1927, Marietta Shahinyan akatamira kunyika yake yekare - kuenda kuArmenia, asi muna 1931 akadzokera kuMoscow.

Mumakore matatu, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuChirongwa cheChikoro cheHurumende. Makore ehondo Shaginyan anotungamirira muUrials. Nokudaro anonyora nyaya dzepepanhau Pravda. Muna 1934, First Congress yeSoviet Writers yakaitwa, apo Marietta Shaginyan akasarudzwa kuti ave nhengo yebhodhi.

Creativity

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvemukadzi uyu ane tarenda zvakagamuchira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu. Mune basa rake nzvimbo inokosha inoshandiswa nesayenzi yakawanda yakagadzirirwa Goethe, Taras Shevchenko, Iosef Myslivechek. Ndiyo Shahinyan uyo ndiye munyori wekutanga muchengeti weSoviet inova "Mess Mend". Akanga ari munyori wenhau weSoviet. Peni yake ndeyezvikamu zvizhinji zvinonetsa nezvinongororwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Shaginyan akaona hutori husingarevi uye kwete chete senzira yekuwana semukana wokudzidza upenyu zvakananga.

Mune mabhuku ake ane musoro unoti "Journey to Weimar" kwekutanga kokutanga akaratidza zvakajeka zvehuwandu hwechirevo cheprose. Vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti iri mubasa iri kuti munhu anogona kuona kukwanisa kwemunyori kuburikidza neicho chezvinhu zvezuva rega rega kuratidza munhu wemunhu uye kushamwaridzana kwake nenguva. "Rwendo rweWeimar" - basa rokutanga romunyori uyu nenzira yezvinyorwa zvekufamba - mune imwe nzira iyo Marietta Shaginyan achava akatendeka muupenyu hwake hwose.

Mabhuku

Akatanga kutanga kuratidza rudo muna 1915, uye akapedza kudzidza muna 1918. "Kuguma kwangu" ibhuku refilosofi. Shahinyan akanga ari mucherecheri wemimhanzi, uye munyori wezvinyorwa, anogona kunzi munyori wenhema uye mufambi. Asi kutanga kwezvose Shahinyan aiva munyori uye mutori wenhau. Akasiya mabasa mazhinji emabhuku, akadai se "Hydrocentral", "Diary yemutevedzeri weMoscow Soviet", "Ural Mukudzivirira", "Kufamba muArmenia", nezvimwewo.

Peni yake inosanganisirawo zvikamu zvina zvemashoko, dzimwe dzazvo dzaisanganisira kunyorwa muchikoro chikoro. Mumakore ose aya, Marietta Shahinyan akasika mapepa emabhuku evanhu avo vaaishamwaridzana naye - N. Tikhonov, Khodasevich, Rachmaninov, uye akarondedzera hupenyu nebasa revanyori vake vanodikanwa - T. Shevchenko, I. Krylov, Goethe.

Mhuri

Murume weMarietta Shahinyan aiva chigoriki uye mushanduri kubva kuArmenian Jacob Samsonovich Khachatryan. Vakakurira mukunda Miriel. Musikana uyu akanga asingadi kutevera mumakwara evabereki vake. Akange achida kufarira mufananidzo. Mirel Yakovlevna akanga ari nhengo yeUniversity of Artists. Shahinyan aiva nemzukuru uye muzukuru.

Marietta Sergeevna akafa muna 1982 muMoscow. Aive nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana akwegura. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, haana kumusiya kamuri duku duku-maviri muimba yekutanga yekuvaka chivakwa chekugara muMoscow. Pane imwe nguva munyori akakurumbira aiita pasina pfuma uye kunakidza. Muimba yake maiva nenzvimbo yakawanda yeSoviet samani yakagadzirirwa, zvinhu zveimba. Imba yepamusoro chete mumba mayo yaiva yepiyano yekare yakatsamwisa.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Upenyu hwakareba hwakagara naMarietta S. Shaginyan hwakazadzwa nezviitiko zviduku uye zvakakura zvezvakaitika kare, izvo izvo munyori aigara achitaura achifarira uye chido. Nzvimbo inokosha mubasa rayo rinoshamisa inobatwa nehurukuro yaLenin. Nhoroondo yake-nhoroondo "Mhuri yeUlyanovs", "The First All-Russia" yakanga isiri nguva dzose inonzwisisika. Biographical materials pamusoro pemutungamiri wehutungamiri hwehurumende uye hama dzavo Marietta Shaginyan vakaunganidza kwemakore mazhinji.

Yokutanga yebhuku rezvinyorwa rinonzi The Ulyanov Family rakabudiswa muna 1935 uye pakarepo yakamutsa kusagutsikana kwakasimba naStalin. Kutsamwa kwe "baba vemarudzi ose" kwakakonzerwa nekubudiswa kwezvakaitika zveShaiginyan kuti mumakumbo aLenin mune kalmyk ropa. Uyezve, iyo inoverengeka yainzi inokanganisa uye yakakurukurwa kaviri pamutungamiri weVanyori veUnited States weU.SR, apo yakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwekuratidza mhuri yemutungamiri semaphilistine.