Monument kuna Ivanu Groznomu: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Ivan Grozny - a asi gakava ndeuke munhoroondo wehurumende yedu. Kudivi rimwe, iri mutongi nomazvo, muoni strategist, akangwara enyika uye unyanzvi munyori. Kune vamwe - a misogynist, anodzvinyirira uye synoubiytsa. Kusvikira panguva ino ndivanaani Ivan IV yakatorwa chete pamusoro mifananidzo uye zvenzombe nomukurumbira Artists. Asi paiva pfungwa kuzomisa shongwe Ivanu Groznomu muRussia makore mashoma apfuura. Chii ikabudapo, tinodzidza mberi.

Pakuonekwa Ivana Groznogo

Kubva zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa kuti vaburukira mazuva edu, hazvibviri kutonga pakuonekwa Russian chamber wokutanga. Vanotaura chete vakawanda - varefu, maziso zvakadzika yakatarwa uye shapely nhamba. Tose kuyeuka vapera basa murume ane mufananidzo Vasnetsov wekare "Ivan Grozny anouraya mwanakomana wake." Asi saka zvinomirira yokudhirowa pakuguma hwake, uye mutongi uyu mufananidzo haana kuita.

The State Russian Museum muSt Petersburg akaramba zvendarira chivezwa Ivana Groznogo, akaita by the artist Mark Matveevich Antakolskim. Zvinonzi akaita zvakarurama kwazvo pamusoro Rondedzero avo, izvo zvaizivikanwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Monument kuna Ivanu Groznomu anofanira chaiwo chaizvo, zvimwe sei kuratidza kukosha zvizvarwa enhoroondo mufananidzo?

Chete pakati pezana-ramakumi remakore, masayendisiti M. M. Gerasimovym rakavakwazve yakatofanana yomubati zvisaririra ive kuvhuya chitunha.

Pfungwa yokutanga nokuda pakuvaka shongwe

Muguta Lyubimov Yaroslavl nharaunda yakanga pfungwa kuvaka shongwe wokutanga Ivanu Groznomu. Nyaya yake anosiririsa. Muna 2005, zviremera zvomunzvimbo vakanga vakagadzirira kushandisa chirongwa kuronga uye uchibvumira mari akaita akapindira Bhishopu Mukuru Yaroslavl nharaunda. Akakumbira kuruzhinji muchuchisi uye yeUnited rokuongorora nechikumbiro kudzivisa erection ari shongwe, sezvo mufananidzo Ivana Groznogo inobatanidzwa utsinye pakati vagari uye kuomarara uye kunogona kukanganisa kuwedzera pamusoro mhosva ezvinhu. Nei vagari mutaundi duku, kufungisisa Russian chamber rokutanga, haangazodzingi kuuraya uye kubata chibharo, harizivikanwi. Asi mukuru Mamaneja acho kutya zvingazoitika, uye kuti -oma basa.

Makambozvibvunzawo here kuti nei zvakadaro kure hapana shongwe mambo mukuru? Nei kugadzwa shongwe Ivanu Groznomu mu Russian - iri pfungwa yakabuda chete makore mashoma apfuura? Uye kukurukurirana pamusoro nyaya iyi haina kuwa kunyarara. Imwe hafu munharaunda Chido kuona chiso namambo wokutanga, apo mumwe anoratidza zvayo categorical "kwete."

Ivan Grozny uye guva "Millennium kweRussia"

Mumwe inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo Veliky Novgorod: nei chiyeuchidzo "Millennium weRussia" harisi Ivana Groznogo? Zvechokwadi, chivezwa ichi - musimboti oukuru zvose, izvo kusvika simba Russian Empire. Unoratidza manhamba akasiyana eras: guru madzimambo, masayendisiti, vadzidzisi, vanyori, vatungamiriri vemauto uye magamba. Ari Ivan Grozny haakodzeri kuva pamusoro ndima navo? Kunyange zvakawanda zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti baba Ivan IV - Ivan III on shongwe ipapo. Mhinduro yemibvunzo iyi iri yezvakaitika muna 1570.

Novgorod uye oprichnina

Muna 1569, rimwe boka revanhu vaiva Novgorod vaitungamirirwa tsvina uye Skuratov akagadzira chinzvimbo chivande mambo, chinangwa rakanga kumubvisa pachigaro. nguva yaityisa bhodhi yakanga isina kujeka, kwese - runofarira uye kupondwa kuedza. Uye mambo Wakadzidza nezvazvo. Asi haana kuuraya pakarepo vaishungurudza, uye pachake akaenda Novgorod uye akaita "youmambo dare", dzikavauraya zvose vakuru veguta. Mambo akaurayiwa pachena uye vaikurudzira uye vose zvaibatanidzwa ichi. Zvino umhondi mitoo akanga hwakaipisisa chaizvo, chinobata vakadzi, vana uye vakwegura. Kutsamwa kwamambo akarova kwete chete panguva Novgorod Mukuru, asiwo dzemamongi dzakapoteredza guta. Orgy anyanya refu kwemavhiki matanhatu. Panguva ino, guta rakava murombo. It hachisisina aimbova kukosha somuzinda wezvokutengeserana uye upenyu nemagariro. Pashure zvinosuwisa izvi Novgorod haana kuva mukuru uye haangambovakanganwiri ake vasingaverengeki mambo kuponda.

Zvinoita kupembedza utsinye wamambo?

Chii zvingava zvakanaka chinhu Grozny, vanhu nguva dzose achayeuka iye chete nezvakaipa. Urwu rwatova musimboti womunhu munhu. Nei pasina munhu anoyeuka kuti kuburikidza Grozny akaramba ari simba guru, nekuti kana kwete nokuda kwake akatsiga ruoko, nyika zvaizochengetwa yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka internecine hondo, kana vangadai dzichapambwa vavakidzani simba? Kana kwete kuchinja ake uye kukunda nemauto, paisazova kubudirira mumakore anouya. Asi kubudirira achiri mashoma yadzima ari muyeuko vaya vaiva vomuzuva rake, uye vaya akafukidza munhau.

Ngationei kuyeuka nguva mitemo yamambo chii. Raiva Dark Ages, munyika kumukirana, achiparadza uye urombo. Amai uye mudzimai vokutanga chepfu Emperor pachake richiripo akawanda aurayiwa kuedza. Ivanu Groznomu aifanira kurwa nehasha nzira, zvinodaro nokuti panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvichiita omurume vanhu. Chisimba rakatanga, vanenge 10 zviuru vagari Russian. Asi haugoni kutonga pasina kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo iyoyo. Uye kana kusarudza chakanga? Zvichida kwete, kunyanya kana isu kuongorora mabasa dzimwe madzimambo dzimwe nyika, aitonga yakakomba nguva.

European ruzivo

MuEurope pakati pezana remakore rechi16, nguva havana yakanakisisa. mumwe chete St. Bartholomew kuyeukwa zvizvarwa muenzaniso utsinye uye youtsinye. mhirizhonga. The varongi kukuru kuurayiwa kwaiva French Korol Karl IX uye mai vake Ekaterina Medichi. Infidels vakarayirwa kuuraya nokupisira zvakananga kumisha yavo pakati pousiku. On ichi rinotyisa zuva akauraya vanhu zviuru 30, uye zviri kupfuura vakaurayiwa Ivanom Groznym mumakore gumi kwake kakawanda.

The murimi mudiki kumukira muGermany mumakore 1524-1526 rakauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 100. Kunyange sezvo vazhinji akarayira kuurayiwa Dutch Duke pamusoro Alba, uye ruzhinji vakapukunyuka vari nyore muBenin. Saka Unotyisa mabasa pamusoro ichi kumashure kuti haruzvitsvakiri kudaro kutyisa.

Ivan Grozny neguta Orel

Gore rino guta riri Oka River ari vachipemberera zvayo 450th mhembero. In 1566th varayirwa Ivana Groznogo ibwe rokutanga wakaradzikwa pano, izvo chakaratidza kuberekwa yokugara duku, izvo akakura kubva guta rakanaka uye yakachena. Vachikudza chiitiko ichi, dzemunharaunda vatsigiri kunge aronga kuzomisa shongwe Ivanu Groznomu muna Orel. Maererano nezviremera, mari shongwe zvakapiwa kuburikidza mabhizimisi dzeko, uye bhajeti haana aipedza sendi.

The Monument mutsva aifanira achasvinudzwa August 3, 2016 munguva mhemberero neZuva Eagle. Asi vanhu vakaita dziite chaiye, uye chiitiko iri kumbosiyiwa 16 September. pamasikiro shongwe Ivanu Groznomu muna Orel raitsigirwa ne Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia Kirill. The gavhuna, achitsigirwa vakadaro mukuru vanhu vakarairwa kushanda vavezi vemabwe matanhatu.

Nokuda Ivana Groznogo - 155 vachishandisa Nimes. Hazvina chete Gondo, asi zvakadaro rakakura vokuparidzira nzvimbo sezvo Ufa uye Cheboksary. Uye yeuka wava. Izvi akaziviswawo pachena tateguru, akanga aronga kuti immortalize kuyeuka mambo wokutanga dzendarira.

Discussions pamusoro shongwe Ivanu Groznomu

vagari vazhinji zvakakomba gakava nei Eagle Monument Ivanu Groznomu. Vanomudzvovera zvakaitwa kurovedzera yekwataigara yemitambo (pamusoro mativi pedyo nomuzinda tsika anofanira transcend chitarisiko mambo), kuti liberals yekwataigara yebato "Yabloko", uyewo US Air Force Channel. Soulmates vakabatana muzvikwata, kuti asike nharaunda munzanga network, anoita vanhu. The gavhuna ari kutamburira kugadzirisa nyaya yacho, vachisimbisa kuti saka akaripa mutero Ivanu Groznomu sezvo nhoroondo unhu, muvambi guta, kwete ropa mudzvinyiriri. Zvichida Monument iyi Orel vachava tsime wokutanga uye vanotarisira kuti kuchava shongwe Ivanu Groznomu muMoscow, hazvina zvakakodzera, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro.

Monument muna Vladimir

Sezvinotaurwa nezviremera zvenyika Vladimir nharaunda, 6 August 2016 ibwe wakaradzikwa nokuda kugadzwa imwe shongwe pakati Ivanu Groznomu. Ngazvidyirwe riri pamberi yaaigara ari Alexander kugarwa kuti Vladimir mudunhu. The chirongwa iri-mita matatu Shongwe akasika Vasiliem Selivanovym uye achava wazvigadzira November. Opening yainorongwa kuti National Unity Day.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Alexander Sloboda aiva yakagara Ivan vanotyisa iri kupfuura dzokutambudzika. Zvakanga pano akapedza kubatana munyika uye akaita musha wake chinhu chakafanana guru. Kwenguva refu akagara pano nemhuri yake uye vanotongwa. Chivako Anoshamisa rakavakwa nababa vake Ivan hwakagadzirwa yakanakisisa Russian uye Italian nemhizha vakanga kuvaka Moscow Kremlin.

Muna Alexander Kremlin vari nedzenyu misangano yose nhume Sweden, Denmark, wePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Hazvina kubva pano vakatamira mambo kurwisa rusununguko Novgorod uye zviri pano, maererano nengano, akanga zvinosuruvarisa akauraya mwanakomana Russian chamber wokutanga. Saka pane tariro yokuti shongwe richava Ivanu Groznomu, kana kwete Orel, dzinenge muna Aleksandrov.