Mhuri seboka rezvemagariro evanhu uye masangano evanhu. Basa remhuri uye matambudziko emhuri munzanga

Mhuri iboka revanhu munharaunda umo mune humwe hukama. Inogona kuva ukama hweropa, kuroorana kana kubvumirwa. Nhengo dzaro dzose dzine bhajamiro, hupenyu, uye mutoro kune umwe neumwe. Kunewo hukama hwehukama pakati pavo, hunotungamirira kune hukama hwehupenyu, maitiro emurairo, mutoro, nezvimwewo. Mhuri ndiyo inonyanya kukosha masangano evanhu. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinonetseka nezvenyaya iyi, saka dzinoshingaira mukutsvakurudza kwayo. Zvichiri kuwedzera munyaya yatichakurukura nezvinyorwa izvi, tinodzidza mabasa uye zvinangwa zvakasarudzwa nehurumende pamberi pe "sero revanhu". Pasi panewo maitiro uye tsanangudzo yemhando huru. Ngationeiwo nezvezvinhu zvikuru zvemhuri uye basa reboka revanhu munharaunda.

Kurambana. Statistics

Mhuri iboka duku revanhu, rinopindirana nezvimwe zvinhu, somuenzaniso, newanano. Asi, nhamo, munguva yedu, maererano nenhamba, nhamba yekurambana inoramba ichikura, uye Russia muhurongwa hwakadaro wakatora nzvimbo inotungamirira munguva pfupi yapfuura. Pamberi pacho, nguva dzose yaipinda neUnited States. Kunyangwe, hongu, hongu, zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvitsva zviri kusikwa. Gore rimwe nerimwe munyika yedu 2 mamiriyoni evanhu vakaroorwa.

Zvido zvevanhu

Mhuri seboka rezvemagariro evanhu uye sangano remagariro rakasimuka kare kare, pamberi pechitendero, hondo, nyika. Mumwe MuAmerica, Abraham Maslow, uyo akashinga kudzidza zvepfungwa, akaumba muenzaniso unoratidza izvo chaizvo zvinodiwa nomunhu pakutanga. Izwi remhuri seboka revanhu rinosanganisira:

1. Zvido zvepabonde uye zvepanyama.

2. Kutenda mukuchengeteka kwehupenyu.

3. Kutaurirana nevamwe vanhu.

4. Chido chokuzivikanwa semunhu munzanga.

5. Kuzviziva.

Pamusana pezvizere zvezvidikanwi izvi, sangano rose remhuri rinoumbwa. Kune dzakawanda zvezvikamu zvaro. Nhamba yevana, mhuri dzakakamurwa kuva vana vasina vana, vaduku uye kuva nevana vakawanda. Kune chikamu uye maererano nekureba kweii vaviri vari kurarama pamwe chete: vakaroorana, vane makore mapakati, vakwegura vakwegura. Kunyange zvakadaro kune misha yekumaruwa uye yeguta, yehutongi uye yemhuri yakasununguka (kuburikidza naiye ndiye mukuru mumhuri).

Historical facts

Mhuri seyo inonyanya kukosha masangano evanhu anogadzira nhoroondo yevanhu vose. Mushure mezvose, munguva yekare pane mapoka evanhu vaiva nechimwe chinhu chakafanana. Nenzira, kune dzimwe dzimba dzepakutanga, somuenzaniso, pakati pevanhu veNorth kana madzinza eCentral Africa, apo chikwata chowanano chiri chaicho choga chinoshanda zvakanaka. Hapana mimwe mitemo yakananga, mapurisa uye dare haisi mhosva. Asi humwe hukama hwakadaro, zvakadaro, hune zviratidzo zvemhuri seboka revanhu. Somuenzaniso, mhuri yenyukireya, inosanganisira murume, mudzimai nevana vavo. Kana vachiri hama - mbuya, sekuru, vazukuru, vakoma, zvimwe - ipapo izvi zvichava mhuri yakakura. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, panguva ino, vanhu vazhinji havanyatsotsigi kutaurirana nevamwe vehama, saka mhuri yenyukireya inzvimbo yehupfumi iyo yakajairika nhasi. Icho chakaipa kwazvo, nokuti mumamiriro ose ehupenyu unogona kuwana rubatsiro kubva kune hama, kana iwe usakanganwa kuti varipo.

Mafomu emuchato

Iko pfungwa yemhuri seboka revanhu vanobatanidza pfungwa yemagariro. Zvose zvinotanga neukama pakati pemurume nemukadzi, izvo zvinokura kuva chimwe chinhu. Uye hazvina basa kana kune vana vane ukama huno kana kwete, vanogona kuunganidza zvavanoda pamwe chete. Nokudaro, inogona kuparara semugumisiro wokurambana kana kufa kweumwe wevakaroorana. Mhuri yakadaro, umo mwana anounzwa nemubereki mumwe, inonzi haina kukwana mumabhuku evanhu. Pane chimwe chinhu chakadai seexogamy. Icho ndechekuti kusarudzwa kweshamwari kunongopedzisira kune rimwe boka revanhu. Mushure mezvose, somuenzaniso, zvinorambidzwa kuroorana maererano nemitemo nemitemo yehama yako - yakaberekerwa kana mukoma. Dzimwe nharaunda dzinorambidza kusarudzwa kwehuchazouya nemudzimai mukati memhuri yavo, dzinza. Panewo zvakare kuti kubatana pakati pevanhu vemadzinza akasiyana-siyana, ruzivo rwakasiyana rwevanhu harugoneki. Kunyanya kuzivikanwa kumadokero kune murume mumwe chete, izvo zvinosanganisira kuroorana pakati pevanhu vaviri vevasikana vakasiyana. Kunyangwe kune vanhu vanofarira kupa garika (kubatana uko kune munhu mumwe chete akaroorana). Iko kune hukama husingaenzaniswi, apo vasikana vakawanda nevarume vanoverengeka vanobatana nemhuri. Uye zvinoitika kuti mukadzi ane varume vanoverengeka. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi polyandry. Asi kunyanya kubva kumhuri isingaenzaniswi tarika yakawanikwa zvikuru. Nokudaro, mhuri iyo inonyanya kukosha masangano evanhu anofanira kutevedzera mitemo yakagamuchirwa ipapo, iyo yakaumbwa.

Kuwanda kwekurambana, zvikonzero zvavo

Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakacherechedza kuti kubva muna 1970, nhamba yekurambana yakawedzera, uye ikozvino yakawanda zvikuru zvokuti, maererano nehuwandu, hafu yevaRussia inoumba mhuri, icharambana zvachose mushure mechinguva. Nenzira, zvinoratidzwa kuti kana nyika iri kutarisana nehupfumi hwehupfumi, nhamba yekurambana inowedzera, uye apo hupfumi huri kudzikama, saka pane zvishoma. Pamwe, kana munhu achinzwa kugadzikana kwezvemari iyo inoshandiswa nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi, saka zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzokera kune zvakasikwa, anonzwa kugutsikana. Mhuri seboka rezvemagariro evanhu uye masangano evanhu anonyatsoenderana nevevanhu, kusagadzikana kwayo. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoedza kudzivisa kurambana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvisingakwanisi, kana kuti kupa ropafadzo kune mumwe wevakaroorana. Somuenzaniso, muItaly mushure mezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Basa rokupedza imba yacho rakanga risingaiti. Izvo chete ipapo hurumende yakanzwira tsitsi avo avo vanobatana navo vasina kubudirira, vakabvumira kurambana. Asi munyika dzakawanda, kana murume akasiya mudzimai wake, ipapo anofanira kuve nechokwadi chehupenyu hwake pane zvaakange ari panguva yewanano. Munyaya iyi, murume wacho anorasikirwa nehupfumi hwake. MuRussia, vanhu vanogovana zvivako. Kana vana vachigara naamai vavo (kunyanya iyi ndiyo mamiriro), saka baba vanofanira kuvapa mari. Kune marudzi mazhinji akasiyana-siyana mumutemo wenyika imwe neimwe.

Zvimwe zvevanhu

Munyika iyi kana iyo nyika, masangano evanhu - mhuri (iyo mabasa ayo anotsigirwa newanano) - inowana unhu hwakanaka, huri huri. Izvo zvakasimbiswa nesayenzi kuti havasi vanhu vose, asi vanhu chete, vanogona kubata mwana munguva yezvinodiwa kwavari. Mushure mezvose, mhuka dzakawanda dzinowedzera pane imwe nguva, uye munhu asina zviremera zvakadaro, pane zuva ripi neripi, kushamwaridzana pakati pemukadzi nemurume kunogona kuzadzika. Imwe misiyano ndeyokuti mwana achangoberekwa ari musingabatsiri kwenguva yakareba. Anoda kutarisirwa uye kutarisirwa, izvo amai vanogona kupa, uye baba, ivowo, vanofanira kuzvipa mari, kureva, kupa zvose zvakakosha kwaari: zvokudya, zvipfeko, nezvimwewo. Kare mumazana ekare, apo hurumende yakanga ichangotanga kukura , Amai vakatarisira mwana, zvokudya zvakagadzirwa, kutarisira hama dzake. Muchiitiko ichi, baba vacho, zvakare, vakavapa kuchengetedza uye zvokudya. Murume uyu aigara ari muvhimi, muwani, aishanda zvakaoma. Vanhu vepabonde vakasiyana vaisangana, vana vakagadzirwa, vana vakaonekwa. Hapana munhu akazadzisa mabasa eumwe, zvaifungidzirwa zvisina kururama, nokuti munhu wese aiva nemabasa ake. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo mumuviri wemunhu uye zvinoparadzirwa zvizvarwa kubva kumarudzi kusvika kune zvizvarwa.

Kubatsirwa kwerugari wenhaka

Nezvekurima nekugadzira, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mhuri pano inoita basa rinokosha zvikuru. Nokuda kwekuenderera mberi, zvinhu zvepfuma zvakaonekwa. Zvinhu zvose zvakatamirwa kune mugari wenhaka, saka vabereki vakanga vane chivimbo mune ramangwana revana vavo, avo vakazogoverwa uye vakaparidzirwa zvivigiro, mitemo, maropafadzo. Izvi, iwe unogona kuti, kutora vamwe vanhu mune imwe nzvimbo nevamwe, uye izvi hazvizomboregi. Mhuri ndiyo nheyo huru yemagariro evanhu inoita basa iri, inotarisa zvinobatsira zvezvizvarwa, basa rebaba naamai. Mushure mezvose, zvose izvo vabereki vaive nazvo zvakapfuudzwa kuvana. Izvi hazvina kungopa vimbiso yevadyi venhaka mune ramangwana, asiwo kuenderera mberi kweizvi kana izvo zvigadzirwa. Uye izvi zvakakosha kumusangano wose, nokuti pasina nzira iyo ichagara ichigadzirisa vamwe vanhu nevamwe, haichazovipo. Kune rumwe rutivi, somuenzaniso, kumwe kukakosha kwekugadzirisa kweguta hakuzovi kurasika, nokuti mugari wenhaka acharamba achiita kana baba vake vasisakwanisi kutarisira bhizinesi kana kufa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

Mwana anowana nzvimbo yakasimba paanozvarwa mumhuri yepamutemo. Zvose izvo vabereki vanezvo, zvichawedzerwa kwaari sefa, asizve, izvi zvinoshandawo kune hutano hwevanhu, chitendero, nezvimwe. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chicharasikirwa, zvose zvichaenda kune mugari wenhaka. Nenzira yakawanda, hukama hwevanhu hwakagadzirwa nenzira iyo munhu anogona kuziva hama dzeumwe munhu, mamiriro ake, chimiro chake. Mhuri inzvimbo yehupfumi inoratidza nzvimbo yevanhu munzanga, zvikurukuru nekuda kwekubva kwake. Kunyangwe munyika yemazuva ano, munhu anogona kuwana chimwe chimiro kuburikidza nekuedza kwake. Semuenzaniso, baba, vachishanda mune zvakasimba munzvimbo yakakosha, havagone kuzviisa kumwanakomana wavo. Kuti zvive zvekupedzisira zvigamuchire, zvinofanira kuwanikwa kuburikidza naye pachake. Asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvakapona uye zvakapfuura: pfuma (shure kwezvose, unogona kutora nhaka), mararamiro omunhu wega, etc. Zvose nyika inotonga mitemo yayo, saka nyika dzakasiyana dzine mitemo yakasiyana iyo inosanganisira kuroorana, kurambana, hutano. Asi kazhinji, mhuri yacho inzvimbo yemagariro evanhu, iyo ine mitemo yayo uye maitiro.

Kukosha kwekuberekera kwakanaka

Kubvira pauduku, amai vanodzidzisa mwana zvidzidzo zvehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu, ari kudzidza kubva mumienzaniso yevabereki kuti vararame. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uve nechokwadi chehupenyu hwakanaka hwehupenyu hwevana vako, nokuti munyaya iyi kune zvakananga kuwirirana: sei ungamukwidza mumhuri, saka achararama. Zvechokwadi, chimiro chomunhu chinoenderana nemararamiro, asi mupiro mukuru kune iyo unogadzirwa nehutano hwemhuri. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemanzwiro, manzwiro ayo baba kana amai vanopa. Ndivo vanhu vari pedyo avo vanofanirwa kudzivisa kuonekwa kweunhu hune hutsinye mumunhu ari kuyaruka ari kuyaruka, kumupa pfungwa yekuchengeteka, kugoverana manzwiro ake. Sezvo kuberekwa kwomunhu kunoumbwa semunhu, nokuti neminiti imwe neimwe anodzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, anonzwa chimwe chinhu chaasati ambonzwa. Zvose izvi zvinosiya mararamiro pamusoro pehupenyu hwomunguva yemberi, pamunhu oga. Vanoti, somuenzaniso, hukama hwei pakati pebaba naamai huchaonekwa nemwanakomana wavo, saka mune ramangwana achabata vakadzi, manzwiro avabereki vangamupa, akadai kune vamwe.

Kuzviuraya nekuda kweukama hwaisina kubudirira

E. Durkheim akaongorora tsananguro ye data pamusoro pekuzviuraya. Uye zvakaonekwa kuti avo vari voga kana kuti vakarambana vanogona kuzviuraya kupfuura vakaroora, pamwe chete nevaya vasina vana, kunyange vakaroorwa. Saka, vanofara zvikuru avo vaviri, nhengo dzemhuri dzakawanda, zvishoma kuti vanoedza kuzviuraya. Maererano nehuwandu, makumi matatu evanhu vanouraya vanoitwa mumhuri. Dzimwe nguva kunyange hurumende inogona kukanganisa mararamiro evanhu vanogara.

Nzira yekuchengeta sei ukama?

Vakawanda vakaroorana vanoita rudzi rweurongwa. Mhuri seboka revanhu munyaya ino inogamuchira mamwe mabasa, zvinangwa. Pamwe chete pane nzira dzekuita nadzo. Vakaroorana vanofanira kuchengetedza dzimba dzavo, kupa vana vavo kubudirira zvakanaka uye mararamiro ehupenyu, kubvira paucheche chaihwo kutarisa kukura kwomwana nenzira yakarurama. Iyi nheyo yehutano hwemhuri, yakaiswa kunyange mumazera ekare, achiripo. Matambudziko emhuri semasangano ehuruzhinji anofanirwa kutaridzirwa nehama dzose. Pamwe chete, vanofanira kuchengetedza uye kupfuurira kune vagari venhaka dzavo pfungwa pamusoro penheyo dzehutano hwemagariro ezvo zvinokonzera kuchengetedzwa kwemhuri, pasinei nehurumende dzezvematongerwe enyika. Mhuri inyanzvi pakati pemunhu uye sangano. Ndiye iye anobatsira munhu kuti azviwanire munyika ino, anoziva unhu hwake, matarenda, anomuponesa, anobatsira kumira kunze kwevanhu vazhinji, kuva munhu oga. Iri ndiro basa guru remhuri. Uye kana iye asingaiti zvose izvozvo, ipapo haazoiti mabasa ake. Munhu asina mhuri, uye gore roga roga, achanyanya kunzwa achizvidzivirira. Panguva imwe chete, mamwe maitiro akaipa anokwanisa kuoneka uye kukura maari. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, izvo zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa pakurera mwana. Pashure pezvose, kuumbwa kwehupenyu hwake kunotanga nemazuva okutanga.

Kubudirira kweunhu mumwe nomumwe wevanhu

Mhuri seboka rezvemagariro evanhu uye masangano evanhu vanoita basa rinokosha. Pashure pezvose, ndiye iye anodzidzisa munhu anokwanisa kugara munzanga. Kune rumwe rutivi, rinodzivirira kubva kunze kwezvinhu, zvinotsigira munguva yakaoma. Nokuti hapana munhu munyika, saka munhu haazvioni, haana hanya, kana hama yake. Uye, pasina kunetseka, anobatsira vanhu vari pedyo. Icho chiri mumhuri kuti iwe unogona kuwana nyaradzo, tsitsi, kunyaradzwa, kuchengetedzwa. Apo sangano iri rinoparadzanisa, munhu wacho anorasikirwa neshamwari yaaimbova nayo.

Meaning

Mhuri iyi boka duku revanhu, asi rinokosha kwazvo kumusangano rose. Nekuchinja mune zvematongerwe enyika uye zvehupfumi, zvivako zvaro uye mabasa zvinochinja zvakare. Kuonekwa kwemazuva ano, urbanized uye makambani emabhizimisi zvakakonzera simba rakawanda pamasero emazuva ano evanhu. Nhamba yekufamba kwemitezo yayo yakatanga kukura. Mune mamwe mazwi, yakatove yakawanda kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe wemhuri yemhuri inofanira kutamira kune rimwe guta, kwaakapiwa basa kana kukurudzira, achisiya hama dzake. Uye sezvo vazhinji vemazuva evanhu vemazuva ano vanosarudza mararamiro ehupenyu, kubudirira, kukwidzika kwebasa, zvisarudzo zvakasarudzwa hazvisati zvaonekwa sezvisingagamuchirwi kwavari. Uye kana izvi zvikaitika, zvino, kubva mune zvekugara kwevanhu, munyaya iyi, hukama hwemukati hwemhuri dzinoshandukawo, nokuti hukama hwemagariro eumwe wavo, mamiriro ake emari, maonero ake, zvinangwa, kuchinja. Izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kukuti hukama hunosunga hama zvishoma nezvishoma hunova husina simba, uye huchabva hwanyangarika zvachose.

Mhedziso

Panguva ino, kunyanya vaigara mumaguta, kuoma kuramba richikurukurirana pakati zvizvarwa. Kazhinji, sechivako mhuri munzanga yanhasi iri chaizvo simba. Zvikurukuru, zvose kutarisira nhengo dzayo nechinangwa chete panguva kutarisira mwana, kurapwa uye dzidzo. Vamwe vemhuri - kunyanya vakwegura - kazhinji akasiya. Emerging ichi hwaro nokusanzwisisana uye kusagadzikana zvemari zvinokonzera kuparadzwa ukama pakati pevarume nevakadzi, kuti chidzoke yeMeribhatikadheshi, uye kazhinji kunotungamirira munhu naRuka. Matambudziko ukama hwepedyo vawanani zvomudzimu zvinokosha, asi chikuru nyaya vanofanira kusarudza dzose dzemhuri. The mhuri sezvo pasocial uye zvokugarisana masangano boka kuchaita richishanda uye achabudirira chete apo nhengo imwe neimwe vachaona kuti yezvaakaita, nokubudirira ake sei nayo, uye vashomanana basa reDare kwakabva wacho, ake chinzvimbo. Zvino munhu kubudirira vane akasiyana nani pamusoro munataisireva. Pashure kuvashandisa, vanhu kusarudza apo kurarama nayo, zvokuita. Zvinosuruvarisa renyukireya maitiro ari nyore uye kubatsirwa zvimwewo zvikonzero (chirwere, rufu, akarasikirwa nemari) pane yemhuri, apo zvose zvinotsigira mumwe, rubatsiro, uye kana pachava chero dambudziko, zvose pamwe chete achakwanisa kurigadzirisa pamusoro. Nhasi, zvose zvinoitwa uye pfungwa ehurumende dzedu uye vanhu zvainanga nokusika zvinhu kuti rinopindirana kukura mhuri muRussia kuchengetedza tsika dzayo zvomudzimu, socio-tsika, kutaurirana pakati vomumhuri.