Marongerwo uye basa lysosomes

In yaida bepa isu zvamaronga iwe funga mashandiro lysosomes, kugadzwa kwavo. Vamwe yemberi ticharamba govera zvikuru nouchapupu uye nyora nezvazvo zvizere.

Ngatitange nepfungwa yokuti zvose zvakaitwa masero. Izvi STRUCTURAL zvidzidzo zviri chiduku kuti tinogona kuona navo chete murabhoritari nokubatsirwa chinokosha michina. Zvino tiri kutaura pamusoro maikorosikopu kokutanga rake mudziyo nezvevanakomana chesekondari. Vadzidzisi kupa vamwe murabhoritari basa pamwe chokushandisa ichi kudzidza mudziyo hanyanisi flakes kana nemashizha emiti.

Lysosome - chimwe chezvinonhuwira muchitokisi. About pamusoro tozotaura. Tisati funga mashandiro lysosomes, isu muchidimbu kurondedzera marongerwo uye zvinoreva organelle ichi.

lysosomes

Isu kare akataura mumashoko okutanga kuti vari zvinoumba masero, uye rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro muchiLatin, vane zvaanoreva nokururamisira yakajeka - pokufa kwemuviri. Lysosomes, akaita mabasa izvo tichakurukura gare gare, Dzakafanana organelles diki, vari takapoteredzwa membrane. The mhango izere lysosomes hydrolytic makemikari, nguva dzose zviri vakaramba acidic ezvinhu. Chiizve maitire vedu vaiona organelles? Haina yakamisirwa chimiro, vane nguva dzose akasiyana-siyana zvikuru. hukuru yavo vashomashoma, sezvo muchitokisi chete anogona zvine zvakawanda zana lysosomes. dhayamita kwavo anenge kuenzana 0.2 microns.

sarudzo

Usati funga pakarongwa lysosomal basa, isu kureva zvishoma kukosha organelles muchitokisi. pfungwa idzi piringisha zvakasimba. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti organelle ichi vasipo vari chirimwa mumasero, asi muvanhu uye hunokuvadza varipo. Ivo akaumba muna Golgi kunzwisisa. Tava vakati kuti vari in dzavo ane guru kwazvo makemikari akasiyana, nemhaka kugaya ichi kumbowanikwa masero. Sezvo organelles ava ndisipo mune miti, vamwe vavo vanokwanisa kuita mashandiro ari vacuole.

Makemikari zviri matema izvi zvinogona kuputsa:

• mapuroteni;
• mafuta;
• makabhohaidhiretsi;
• nucleic acid.

Chimwe Basa lysosomes - paradzanisa ichi sezvo nomumwe zvikamu, kana zvakazara mhiri sero. Muenzaniso wakanaka pano ndiyo kuchinja munhu datya tadpole. Wakarasikirwa muswe riri pasi pokudzora makemikari ose organelle ichi.

mabasa

Muchikamu chino tinopa kutamira kushanda lysosomes. Zvinotevera vangazivikanwa:

• Implementation kuti kugaya ari mumasero;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• kuparadzwa.

Kuti izvozvo zvakajeka, ngatiregei tsanangura zvinoreva "autophagy" uye "autolysis". Muchiitiko chokutanga rinoreva kuparadzwa pasingadiwi masero zvivako, uye wechipiri - sero kuzvidzora kugaya (isu nezvayo kwokutanga muenzaniso tadpole uye datya). Mumakore ndima isu kureva pokufa kwokunze hurongwa.

sero kugaya

Kana isu akatarira ari lysosome basa muchitokisi, izvozvo anotaurwa pamusoro mano organelle aite basa kugaya muchitokisi. Tisati tawana pasi achitsanangura chikamu ichi, zvakakosha kuti kujekesa kuti pane mhando zvakawanda lysosomes. zvinoti:

• chikuru;
• yechipiri.

Primary lysosomes vanonziwo tinofanira kugara kana Stock kumusoro mbeu. Us pachinhu ichi vari kufarira yechipiri organelles. Sezvo izvi zvinosanganisira:

• mumatumbu vacuole;
• autofagiruyuschuyu vacuole;
• residual muviri.

The zvomudumbu vacuoles rikauya digesting zvinhu nokugamuchirwa hydrolysis. Kugaya ichaitika, yemanyorero kune vakaderera samolecular uremu zvinhu inokwanisa apfuure Kamudzira lysosomes. Izvi zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zvinangwa zvinokosha - kubatana kwetunhu mamwe organelles kana intracellular hurongwa.

autophagy

Mabasa vaiona lysosomes muchitokisi ane chinhu inonzi "autophagy". Tinopa kumboongorora zvazvinoreva. We kare akataura chii ichi izwi rinoreva kuparadzwa unneeded zvikamu muchitokisi. basa iri kuteererwa yechipiri lysosomes, inonzi vacuoles autofagiruyuschimi. Vane chaicho uye zvechigarire chakafanana denderedzwa, muviri zvikuru guru. Rine:

• zvimedu mitochondria;
• cytoplasmic samambure;
• ribosomes uye zvichingodaro.

Ndiko, dzasara masero zviri mukati. Ndivo amenable kuti kudzikisirana kunokonzerwa makemikari. residuals izvi regai kunyangarika, nokuita mamwe maitiro inokosha.

vacuoles idzi dzinowanikwa guru chaizvo akawanda munyika dzinoverengeka nyaya, kusanganisira:

• nokutsanya;
• kudhaka;
• hypoxia;
• kuchembera uye zvichingodaro.

autolysis

Saka, chii mashandiro anoitwa lysosomes, tinonzwisisa. Zvino isu kupa tikanyatsoongorora mumwe wavo - kureva, autolysis. lysosome Kamudzira inogona kuparadzwa, apo makemikari vanosunungurwa uye handichisiri tiite zvarakanga mabasa, nokuti cytoplasm ane kwazvakarerekera ph uye makemikari mairi chete inactivated.

Pane nguva apo pane nokuvhiringidzirwa lysosomes, zvichiita kuti rufu muchitokisi yose. autolysis mapoka maviri zvinogona kupatsanurwa:

• pathological (chakajeka uye rakajairika muenzaniso ndiko zvinyama kuparadzwa pashure porufu);
• zvinoitika.