Jonas Savimbi: murwi rusununguko Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (akaberekwa 03/08/34 muchiPutukezi Angola - 22/02/02 vakaurayiwa pedyo Lukusse, Ibid) - wezvematongerwe enyika, mutungamiriri emagandanga insurgency pamusoro Soviet wakakombama MuAngola kuita hurumende.

kwakarongwa vitae

Mwanakomana mukuru kuchiteshi Jonas Savimbi akanga muzvikoro mumishinari uye akapiwa bhezari kudzidza kunze. Akadzidza mushonga paUniversity Lisbon muPortugal, uye gare gare akawana doctorate mune zvesayenzi enyika paUniversity wekuLausanne Switzerland, muna 1965

Nepo Africa panyika mepu dzinowanzotsigi- rinoumbwa mapoka European inoti - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, muUK, Spain uye nePortugal. A muhutongi yokupedzisira uye raiva nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati Zhonasha. Muna 1961 Savimbi akabatana Holden Roberto, mutungamiriri kufamba nokuda rusununguko kuAngola vanhu Union (UPA), imwe anokumhan'arira of Popular Movement nokuda Liberation kuAngola (MPLA, munhu Marxist-Leninist "basa" bato). Akatyora pamwe UPA muna 1966 uye akaumba musoro UNITA (UNITA), iro akarwa Portuguese ichitongwa neBritain.

Africa panyika geopolitical mepu

Muna 1965, Savimbi yakasarudza kuumba yake kufambisa, uye akatanga kutsvaka rutsigiro. Akabva China, apo iye nevamwe namachinda makuru ake vakakokwa kuti mwedzi mipfumbamwe-kosi yacho iri remagandanga muhondo. In Beijing, mutungamiri UNITA, akasangana Mao Zedong nevamwe vatungamiriri Chinese chimurenga echiuto uye enyika. Savimbi adzidza nzira kushandiswa zvinobudirira gare gare muna kuAngola. Gare gare, apo akatsvaka rubatsiro kubva Western kunyika, Zhonash zvakaonekwa sezvisina basa kukosha kwake kushanya kuChina. Zvikurukuru, akati kuti Mao uye vaKomonisiti kwete chete vakadzidza kurwa sei uye kuhwina ari remagandanga hondo, asi nzira harifaniri kutarisira upfumi uye nyika, kuti ndiyo. To. The upfumi marudzi akasika kutanga vanhu.

kuunganidza

Paakadzoka Angola, Jonas Savimbi akatanga vanounganidzira ake rudzi ovimbundu nezvimwe vakabatana. Hurumende rakakombwa kumba uye kwakadziviswa pose. November 10, 1975 Portugal pamutemo aramba ayo achitonetsekawo African mamiriro. Paiva kukurumidza uye shungu kutamburira simba, iyo kwakaguma Popular Movement nokuda Liberation kuAngola akazivisa pachayo hurumende itsva. Mushure Kuratidzira MPLA pati, UNITA vakakokwa Cuban mauto uye zvombo Soviet zvinoshandiswa kuramba simba. Nokukurumidza Zhonash kutiza zvakadzama Angola ne chete emapoka vateveri.

Ikoko Makatsamwira Kudzora Soviet, uyo akatsiva Portuguese, kukwezvwa akadana hondo itsva. Achibatsirwa zvombo nevarairidzi kubva South Africa, Savimbi akaronga simba uye vakarongeka apanduka. Kubva nguva nenguva Hurumende Angola achibatsirwa hondo Cuban uye akaedza kuparadza Soviet maoko kuna UNITA, asi guerrillas akabata nzvimbo huru, iyo akarwisa mahofisi ehurumende, railroads uye PAKAPERA HONDO.

Munguva yeHondo Cold Savimbi akagamuchira rubatsiro kubva China, South Africa uye United States se anodzivisa Marxist, Soviet wakakombama MPLA, izvo vaidzora hurumende nechepakati. UNITA akaramba kuitisa okupandukira remagandanga hondo kuzorwa MPLA munguva kwema1970 uye 80s.

rugare hurukuro

Muchirimo 1991 Savimbi mauto vaipfeka pasi Luanda guru, kucheka simba mitsetse uye intercepting zvinyorwa. Pakupedzisira, kuti MPLA akamanikidzwa kubvuma kuti mitemo yaro chaizvoizvo vakabatsira kuti paumbwe imwe 20-mabhiriyoni emadhora chikwereti kuAngola kushayikwa kwezvinhu kutopedza. MPLA President Jose Eduardo dos Santos akabvuma kutaurirana Savimbi uye UNITA, uyewo pasuru kubva zvinhu zvainanga mukuvandudza upfumi. Peace zvibvumirano vakanga akasaina May 31, 1991, uye kurwisana amira nokukurumidza.

Pashure paizvozvo, Jonas Savimbi, vachitsigirwa vatsigiri nechido, vakaita vemutungamiri danidziro yose Angola. It achiri Akavimbisa kuti UNITA achasuma kumusika upfumi, kugara sarudzo uye pachake nyika uye basa. Panguva dziite muguta guru muna September 1991, Savimbi akati kuti simba bato rake kwete chete mumaoko asiwo pamberi kwayo enyika.

Sokurasikirwa sarudzo

Rugare sungano Hurumende MuAngola hondo kwave amira, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kutsigirwa 1992 vakasununguka akawanda musarudzo dzenyika. Afirwa Savimbi uye UNITA vakatangazve kutamburira vakazvigadzirira kudzora nyika, munodzora munzvimbo dzakawanda kumaruwa. Hurukuro yaiitwa zvakare, izvo zvakazoita kuti Lusaka Agreement muna 1994. Ruvengo zvaizoguma, uye simba aifanira zvombo. Zimbabwean President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, Savimbi zvinganaka kuva mumwe maviri mutevedzeri mapurezidhendi, uye UNITA - rwevanhu hurumende. Zhonash vakazoroorwa akaramba kuroorwa, uye muna 1997 akanga pamutemo sezvo mutungamiri nokushorwa. A gore gare gare pambiru yakaguma. Muna 1996, Savimbi akati icharega kudzora mari nedhaimani kumatunhu ari west Angola, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vavo zvaiendeswa hurumende muna 1998.

rufu

Cold War nguva yakapera refu, uye UNITA akanga kusangana nezvinetso mari. Muna September 1998, Savimbi akanga atarisana nokushorwa mukati sangano, kana rimwe boka kushevedza pachayo iri UNITA-R, kusundwa iye uye vakatungamirira pachavo. Kubvira bato yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviduku zvitatu. Hurumende Angola uye Southern African Development pamutemo kuzivikanwa UNITA-R. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna March 2001, Jonas Savimbi akakumbira kuti resumption hurukuro uye vakaratidza chido chake kugamuchira mashoko ari Lusaka Agreement. Nepo hurumende vakakumbira ceasefire sezvo mamiriro kuti kutanga Nhaurirano matsva, Savimbi akadana Catholic Church kuti svitsanisa vari kukakavadzana. Kurwisa akaramba yose 2001 uye kupararira nyika dzakavakidzana, Zambia uye Namibia. Mauto hurumende yakaramba achinetsa Zhonasha uye pakupedzisira vakamubata ari kumabvazuva Moxico province. Savimbi akanga ambushed uye akaurayiwa. Pashure pokufa kwake muna April 2002, mumwe runyararo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pakati UNITA uye Zimbabwean Government.