Ndiani akanyora "Mumu"? Nyaya "Mumu" Turgenev

"Mumu" - imwe yakakurumbira mabasa Turgenev. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva nezvazvo. Kwete, kwete pamusoro bhuku uye pamusoro akanyora "Mumu". Nyaya inopiwa pazasi ichakurukurwa zvakadzama sezvo chigadzirwa pacharo uye ayo munyori. Vaverengi achawana: Biography Turgenev, kugutsikana uye rondedzero pachisara uyewo zvinoreva ichi.

"Mumu" Author

Zvakaratidza kuti pasinei kukurumbire kukurukurwa mabasa, kwete vose vanoziva uyo akanyora "Mumu". Munhu wose anoziva Gerasim uye imbwa yake, munhu wose anoziva zvakaitika kune wokupedzisira, uye nemhaka ani. Asi kwete vose vanogona kurangarira kubva kuchikoro, uyo akanyora "Mumu" - anozivikanwa mabasa. A nyaya akasikwa mumwe pane Russian munyori Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev ari.

Biography Turgenev

Zvichakubatsirawo zvingabatsira kuziva munhu rudzii aiva muvambi "Mumu" nyaya. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev akaberekwa muguta Orel, 28 October (kana November 9th) muna 1818 uye vakafa muna Bougival, riri pedo Paris, 22 August (kana September 3), 1883rd, akararama kwemakore 64 akazara kwemakore. Pasinei nenzvimbo rufu rwake, munyori akavigwa achiri Russia, dzinoti - muSt Petersburg muna Volkov kumakuva.

Turgeneva mai akanga akapfuma uye baba vaiva vanokudzwa mhuri tsaru. Zvisinei, mukomana pakarepo vaivenga serfdom. Apo Ivan akanga 9 makore mhuri yake vakatamira Moscow, apo mukomana akadzidza vadzidzisi toga yevanogara dzimba kusvikira 1833, kusvikira apinda rimwe Moscow kwakaita mabhuku dhipatimendi. Kwapera gore, Turgenev akatamira St. Petersburg, apo akatamira kune History uye Philology.

yokunyora nokudhirowa ake okutanga - ipapo nhetembo - Turgenev akasarudza kuratidza muna 1836, purofesa wepayunivhesiti Pletnev. Makore maviri gare gare, muna "Contemporary" rakabudiswa maviri enhetembo mabasa Ivan Sergeyevich - "Venus Meditsiyskoy" uye "manheru."

Kana chigadzirwa vanobva?

Turgenev pendi Biography kunogona refu kwazvo, asi tichiri kufarira imwe nyaya - "Mumu". Munyori ane zvakawanda panguva iyoyo yakabudiswa mabasa aiva panguva yokunyorwa yake yakakurumbira rounyanzvi in'll kuenda. All nokuti iye akanyora mhinduro kuti chokuita norufu Gogol, vasina kufanana nezviremera, izvo vakabvisa Turgenev kure. Maiva muna April 1852nd.

retelling mabasa

Just pasi akapa pfupiso "Mumu" vaya kana vasina kuverenga nyaya, kana anokanganwa kuti aiva. Munhu wose anoyeuka chete musimboti: Gerasimos vakanyura imbwa yake, asi pasi hapana ezvinhu akaita munhu uyu achakwanisa kurangarira vose. Saka retelling.

Gerasim - matsi uye mbeveve, somurwi nokuda kwazvo kukura kwayo asi simba simba - sezvineiwo kukwezvwa tenzikadzi wake, uye iye ndokutora pamwe naye kushanda pachivanze chake. Pasinei unhinhi yake murimi mudiki akanga asina sarudzo asi akakuitira akapfuma, akanga asina kodzero, asi nokuti nokukurumidza akatamira kuguta, apo basa yava duku zvikuru. Zvisinei, murume wechipiri chete ashatirwa aishanda nesimba uyo akagadzirira kurima kwemazuva, paakamira chete kurara.

vanhu vose vanotya Gerasimos nokuda kwayo venga chitarisiko. Zvisinei, izvi hakutadzisi munhu pakunyanya kuda musikana akanaka mwero anonzi Tatiana. Gerasim nguva nenguva aswedera anodiwa, iye vakanyemwerera uye akaita zvipo diki zvakanaka. Izvi zvaizoitawo, haana kumudawo, uye vakawanda vakatya pamusoro Gerasim, kufanana nevamwe vanhu vose, kunyange zvazvo akanga ari pairi chaizvo chokwadi. Mumwe yakaitika kuroorwa mwene yomunzvimbo chidhakwa - Kapitona Klimova, - kuitira kubvisa udhakwa achibatsirwa mukadzi rudo. Uye akasarudza upenyu hwake naye - ndicho Zvakangoitikawo - Tatiana. nokukurumidza muchato akanga akaita uye achiri paya (pashure pegore) iye nomurume wake vakasiya guta.

Kamwe Gerasim kufamba rwizi uye akaona kuti munhu yakanyora mumadhaka pedyo nemhenderekedzo. Man akatarira pedyo uye akaona kuti zvakanga zvishoma puppy. Gerasim vakarikunda pachake, vakawana kuti musikana, saka akamudana Mumu, nekuti chinhu chimwe achiti, akanga asingakwanisi.

A gore rose airarama imbwa panguva tenzi wake mutsva. Chavaida mumwe kusimba yakasungirirwa. Mumu rava akanaka, hunhu hwakanaka imbwa, zvikuru akangwara uye anokurumidza witted; akaratidza kuti vanhu vose varemekedzane, asi rudo chete Gerasimos. Izvi zvaizoitawo, vakamubata nehasha kufanana amai mwana wavo.

Rimwe zuva, apo mukadzi wacho akanga afare, akaona imbwa muchivanze, kuti gnawed pfupa. Iye akarayira pakarepo kununura psinka, izvo, panzira, kutanga kukwezvwa naye. Mumu akauya pavasikana, asi kwete kushandiswa zhivotinka kutya zvose kukamuri, uye saka anenge rubles yawana vakakakatira mukadzi wake ruoko. Angry mudzimai, akarayira kuti kubvisa naye kubva kurarama nechisimba imbwa. Mushure usiku hwapfuura mukadzi vakagunun'una mudiri Gavrila kuti Mumu asingadi hope yake regai, chii zvakawanda, vane muchivanze anotova imwe imbwa yekare, hero yava imwe mhuka? Uye akarayira mudzimai kubvisa imbwa kubva vakanyarara.

Vanhu vaiita basa, asi nokukurumidza akadzorwa imbwa muridzi wayo, uyo akanga pacharo haawaniki nzvimbo. Ndakaona pamusoro mudzimai uyu, hasha kupfuura kare, akarayira zvakare kubvisa rembwa. Uye Gerasim zvakawanda kokutanga akaona kuti kwete Mumu aenda, saka kana vaiva pasi mweya imbwa, akati (kwakaratidza), kuti ndimuuraye. Zvechokwadi, Gerasim akaenda naye Mudikamwa rwizi saizvozvo vakanyura.

Mushure chiito chakaitwa nomunhu vakaungana zvavo uye vakasiya guta. Mukadzi akagumbuka kurasikirwa kwakadaro achinditi pasi, vanoti, vachiri kunzwisiswa uye pakanga pasina kuti kuuraya imbwa. Gerasimos akazotevera kuwanikwa yake musha, asi mukadzi uyu haana kudzokera nayo, vaiona romora. Uye Ndakapedza kwoupenyu hwake munhu dzavo yechizvarigo. Kwete kamwe iye asisiri akarova mumwe imbwa, haana haana akatarisa vakadzi chete vakashanda vasinganeti.

Kuongororwa chigadzirwa

"Mumu" - nyaya kwete pamusoro zvakaoma murimi mudiki muupenyu mumwe munhu anofanira inobereka vana kuita chero mirairo vanobva "kumusoro", asi unyoro nerudo uye kuvava kurasikirwa chete. Pazasi pane mifananidzo Gerasim uye Vakadzi, uyewo nharo pamusoro nyaya huru, kwete kurwadziwa mumwe muverengi.

The mufananidzo rwatenzikadzi wake

Hazvigoni vangosiyiwa huru Anti-gamba basa. Saka, chii ichocho - vahosi? Sei Chinokonzera muverengi kunzwa nezvavasingadi simba?

Chokutanga, mukadzi wacho dzoutsinye. Hazvizivikanwi kana iye aiziva pamusoro manzwiro Gerasimos Tatiana, hunonzi kushanda ichi, asi vakapa pakukurumidza makuhwa kuzvambarara kwose kwose, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti zvichida aiziva zvose. Kunze, iye aiziva sei kuti vasunge vashandi vayo imbwa, asi zvakadaro akapa utsinye kuti.

Chechipiri, mukadzi wacho haakanganwiri uye hunokuvadza. pamusoro imbwa kuuraya chisarudzo chake akauya mupfungwa chete pashure Mumu dzinenge akarumwa naye. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mumwe mukadzi akarayira kubvisa imbwa. Ko rancor ichi? Uyezve, mukadzi wacho vainyepedzera kuti anonzwa zvakaipa nemhaka kuhukura. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri pachena haisi chakatsamwisa zvokuti kuhukura sezvo imbwa pacharo.

Chechitatu, mukadzi wacho udyire. Aida kuti naye muchivanze vaishanda nesimba mukomana dzakatsarukana - akamuvigira. Aida vanhu vaviri, kwete zvakanaka nepedyo, akaroorwa - ndapota. Akaziva kuti murume wacho akanga akarasika nokuda kwavo padzoro - paaipomera yose vanhu vayo kwete pachake, achiti haana kukumbira imbwa kuuraya. Mienzaniso vazhinji, asi mune zvose zviri pachena kuti mwene hanya manzwiro pachavo yavo chete, udyire, iye havana hanya nevamwe.

mufananidzo Gerasimos

Chii chaiva ichi murimi mudiki ichiitirwa?

Chokutanga, mashoko akanaka uye anogona manzwiro vepachokwadi. Pasinei pachena kukomba uye moguchest saka inotyisa vanhu vakavapoteredza, Gerasim nguva dzose akaramba zvakanaka gamba. Ndiro zvinoratidza imbwa kununura chiitiko. Kukwanisa kwake kuda pachena; icho rakanaka yakawanda nguva hanya Tatiana, asi iye akanga kumutya, uye akatoshamwaridzana kuna Mumu kupfuura ani zvake.

Chechipiri, nokururamisira uye akazaruka, anokwanisa kuchengeta shoko rake. Ngatimbofungai nezvazvo unoratidzwa chete nguva apo iye pashure kuvimbisa achinyudza imbwa zvechokwadi izvozvo, asi kutonga nezvinooneka vamwe vanhu, vose vaiva nechokwadi kuti Gerasim haana mwoyo. Vakafanana mumwe akaudza kuti kamwe murume akati - ipapo kuzviita.

Chechitatu, nesimba, simba uye anobishaira. Kutamira kune guta havana kufara pakutanga haana nokuti chokuti guta vachafanira kurarama pakati vanhu, asi nokuda kushaya basa rakawanda. Gerasim akashandisa kushanda nesimba, chokwadi, iye aifarira kuzviita. Zvose, pashure achidzokera kwake chizvarwa musha, akaita chinhu zvakashanda.

Gerasim Wadii kubatwa nembwa?

Zvirokwazvo vanhu vakawanda vakashamiswa pashure pokuverenga mubvunzo uyu. Zvechokwadi, chikamu muverengi, kuti goho sokuti pachena - kutora imbwa naye, sezvo ndakanga kuenda zvakadaro finicky vatenzi. Sei Gerasim akaita izvi? Ko haana aida Mumu? Turgenev chete pavanoseka muverengi? Zvisinei, havasi vose nyore.

Mumazana chigadzirwa Gerasimus chinhu kunyimwa. Kazhinji, haana pakutanga kusvikira pakuguma munhu akasununguka, uye murimi, asi pashure uchisangana mwene zvose zvakawanda kuoma.

Chekutanga, yake yaakaberekerwa musha. Gerasim akamuda, akati aifarira kurima kuti mana, aifarira kunamatira, sezvinoita chituko, zvose kugutsikana zvachose. Zvisinei, nokuuya kwakaita itsva "utungamiri" aifanira kusiya ake chizvarwa musha, kuti murume zvakabatanidzwa chaizvo.

Chechipiri, Tatiana. musikana uyu haasi chete vaida Gerasim, akanga ari murudo naye. Zvichida ichi ndicho mumiririri akanaka hafu revanhu, iro "fiyuzi" akashinga shoma murume wedu wokutanga. Asi kunyimwa mudzimai Gerasimos, achibudisa prude yokusiya yekwataigara boozer.

Chechitatu, zvikuru Mumu. Her Gerasim aida zvikuru mumisha uye Tatiana. Akatoshamwaridzana zhivotinku zvokuti akanga agadzirira naye chaizvo. Asi chii? Ndizvozvo, uye kuti mukadzi uyu mhanza akudzivisa murume.

Munyori basa "Mumu" kunoratidza kuti zvose izvozvo Gerasim yakanga yakasungirirwa, nezvose zvaakanga achida zvechokwadi, nendege kugehena. Zvirokwazvo murume akaziva kuti manzwiro ake chimwe chinhu kana mumwe munhu kuti ave nyore. Aiziva kwete kuti aizova pakati pavapenyu kana Mumu chinopukunyuka. Gerasim akamuda, vainyatsoda, asi aisagona kusiya kumba, nokuti mukadzi uyu haana kuzorora kusvikira asina aurayiwa kuvenga imbwa. Imhaka ichi hachisi mumwe kumbobvira atanga, ndokusaka asisiri iye achiteerera vakadzi kudzokera kumusha kumusha kwavo - haana kuda kuzodzosera ruzivo manzwiro rudo uye rudo, zvakare kuva nyore. Zviri yakaoma, zviri yakaoma, asi mupfungwa Gerasim akaita zvakarurama.

Rudo - zvakaipa

Inobva kumusoro, riri kuna maonero ichi, vanhu vanofanira kuuya. Zvichida kuda - zviri chaizvoizvo zvakaipa. Kunyanya kana totaura varimi, nekuti tinogona kukanganwa pamusoro nguva ipi nyaya zvakanyorwa, saka rinozivikanwa nhasi. "Mumu" - basa kunoratidza kuti vanhuwo, murombo vanhu vane ngozi chaizvo kuva kuda chinhu kana mumwe munhu. Uyezve, kazhinji kacho, kwete chete varombo vanotambura.

Kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa, unogona kupa muenzaniso zvakawanda zvemazuva ano. How kuti firimu apo vana kana vamwe vadiwa achitora hostages kuti rudzikinuro kana mamwe mabasa chero zvaanoda? Zvisingaverengeki. Uye vose zvavo anoratidza zvakakwana kuti kune vanhu vasina yakasungirirwa - mukadzi, mwana kana mhuka - zvinoita kuti simba, pangozi, kuzvidzivirira mukutarisana nevamwe. Avo vasina munhu, vakasimba kupfuura vamwe tsika nemashoko. Vane utera, havana kurasikirwa.

Chokwadi, munhu haagoni kuramba kukosha vadiwa muupenyu hwedu. Pasina kwavari, munhu achaparadzwa wakangosuruvara, ndakasurukirwa uye zvakaoma. Zvisinei, kana munhu anoshanda ari ngozi vanhu vaikwanisa zvinotyisa mabasa nokuda simba avo kubatana, unofanira kungwarira zvikuru rwenyu rukuru.

Turgenev uye "Mumu"

Munyika yanhasi, anenge munhu wose anoziva chigadzirwa. Zvisinei, kazhinji zita uye kufona fib, achiwedzera, "Gerasim uye Mumu." Munyori, pasinei yakadaro vashoma mapeji, zvakakwana pfungwa ruvengo rwake kune serfdom, akaratidza sezvo udyire eccentric vahosi uye kumanikidzwa kuzviisa pasi 'Vakuru' murimi mudiki. Zvisinei, vanhu ano vakaita basa iri chete nokuti kunoita kuti misodzi.

Zvechokwadi, vanhu vakawanda vari kudzidza nyaya "Mumu" Turgenev kuchikoro achichema chaipo mukirasi nokuda kuzvinzwira tsitsi chero mhosva imbwa. Chii chinhu ndyaringo wematambudziko - pitomitsy ake Gerasim spas kubva murwizi, uye ipapo panzvimbo uye vakaurayiwa. Ndisingadi kushanyira yokuti njodzi Vaisagona kutiza. Munyaya iyi, sokuti, Mumu akanga achifanira kufira mumvura, uye pakutanga kununura chete haanonoki rufu.

mhedziso

Saka, iye zvino munoziva uyo akanyora "Mumu", chii munyori kuisa basa rake. Zvechokwadi, zvinokwanisika kuti zvakanga zvakasiyana, uye zvinorehwa nyaya iri zvakasiyana, asi mumwe shanduro anekodzero kuvapo. "Mumu" Turgenev akanyora, agere mujeri, muutapwa, uye nyaya chaakapiwa kuMudzidzisi - anorema, zvakakomba uye isingakanganwiki.