Liquidity reshiyo: kubva payakavakirwa jira mureza ukoshi

Imwe chokukomborerwa basa padanho liquidity. On zvinofungidzirwa chikwereti sangano, pakukwanisa kwayo zvakakwana uye kuti mari nokubatira nenguva. Zvakawanda pamusoro ndedzipi liquidity ratios, kuti nzira kuti nechiedzo itsva kuti kuverenga kuti chinoratidza mumwe akapa munyaya pazasi.

mwoyo

Liquidity - ndiyo nhau nokubatira wekambani zvinhu. Ekupedzisira vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvichienderana nguva tishandurwe kupinda mari. Maererano chakarurama ichi vanofungidzirwa:

• nekugona kambani kupindura nokukurumidza matambudziko zvemari;
• kukwanisa kuwedzera yesangano pamwe dzakakwirira okutengesa mabhuku;
• kukwanisa kudzokera zvikwereti.

mwero liquidity

Kushaikwa liquidity runoratidzwa pasina mukana kubhadhara zvikwereti uye wazvipira. Tinofanira kutengesa yatarwa yesangano, uye yakaipisisa nyaya - kugumisa kuti sangano. Kushatiswa mamiriro zvemari, zvichiguma yakaderera profitability, kurasikirwa guta paakapiwa parutivi varidzi, kubhadharwa kunonoka kufarira uye vakuru chikwereti.

Quick reshiyo (payakavakirwa nokuti kukarukureta pachiyero jira zvichakurukurwa pazasi) chinoratidza kukwanisa hupfumi chinhu chokukuripa kubva huripo mari iri munhoroondo. Current solvency kungaita ukama vatengi uye bhizimisi. Kana zvebhizimisi haisi kukwanisa kubhadhara iri nguva, chekuenderera mberi kuvapo ari kupokana.

Chero Ratio (Formula nokuti pakuverenga nengaidzo achapiwa kumiririrwa hereinafter) pakutsvaga reshiyo pakati yesangano uye munataisireva dzesangano. zviratidzi izvi vanokamurwa muzvikwata mana. Saizvozvowo, chero liquidity reshiyo (payakavakirwa nokuti kukarukureta pachiyero zvaidikanwa Kuongororwa kwebasa), inogona tsunga yoga kuti kutsanya uye anononoka-uchifamba kuita uye munataisireva.

midziyo

Liquidity - mano pfuma makambani vaunze imwe mari. Nokumhanya izvi ndizvo zvinoratidza Ratio. The yemaitiro nokuti kukarukureta pachiyero jira zvichakurukurwa pazasi. The yepamusoro zviri, nani kambani "pamakumbo ayo".

Proranzhiruem yesangano yavo kutendeuka mwero kupinda mari:

• mari iri munhoroondo uye bhokisi kuhofisi;
• mabhiri, Treasury kuchengetedzeka;
• Kana kare yakafanira zvikwerete bhizimisi, zvikwereti, Bank nedzimwe makambani;
• rinopiwa;
• midziyo;
• zvivako;
• WIP.

Zvino agovere yesangano dzinotevera mapoka:

• A1 (kupfuura mvura) mari pamusoro ruoko uye mubhangi, anogoverana mamwe makambani.

• A2 (kutengeswa nokukurumidza): pfupi-rokuti chikwereti counterparties.

• A3 (anononoka-chaifamba): mumatanda, WIP, refu finvlozheniya.

• A4 (zvakaoma dzika) - non-iyezvino zvinhu.

Kunyanya twa ndowenyika boka rayo, kana zvichienderana kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, kuti muchina-chivakwa fekitari lathe kuchaita kureva "chinokosha mumatanda", uye chikwata akaita kunyanya nokuda pashoo - vasiri iyezvino yesangano pamwe yaibatsira upenyu kwemakore akawanda.

munataisireva

reshiyo, pakuenzanisa nzira anomiririrwa pazasi, pakutsvaga nhamba yesangano kuti munataisireva. Ekupedzisira dziri mapoka mapoka;

• P1 - kupfuura akabvunza mitoro.
• P2 - zvikwereti ane izwi mwedzi anosvika 12.
• P3 - mamwe zvikwereti-refu.
• P4 - wekambani reserves

The mitsara nomumwe mapoka aya anofanira uwirirane mwero liquidity kuti midziyo. Saka, asati Masvomhu zviri chinodiwa kuti ndiwedzere kuti ndizvidavirire nemishumo.

nepakati papepa liquidity

Nokuda kwemamwe Masvomhu anofanira kuenzaniswa mari kupima zvikwata. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa ratios dzakadaro:

• A1> A1.
• A2> p2.
• A3> P3.
• A4

Kutoti zvinotevera ezvinhu vari akaurayiwa nhatu dzokutanga, ipapo nechechina kuchaitika kwaita. Zvisinei, kushaya mari mumwe mapoka zvinhu hazvigoni zvaizopedza nokuda pachisara rumwe, sezvo nokukurumidza-mari haigoni kutsiva anononoka-zvinofamba zvinhu.

Kuti kuitisa misoro kupima dzaona coefficient zvayo liquidity. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

L1 = (A1 + (1/2) * A 2 + (1/3) * A3) / (A1 + (1/2) * S2 + (1/3) * P3).

The optimum Kukosha - 1 kana kupfuura.

Mashoko akadaro asingadi zvizere kuwedzera. A uwane kukarukureta pamusoro solvency zviratidzi kuitwa neboka.

ano liquidity

Mano nebhizimisi sangano kubhadhara pfupi munataisireva nokuda zvakaparara zvinoratidza ano reshiyo. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero (mutsetse nhamba):

Kr = (1200 - 1230 - 1220) / (1500 - 1550 - 1530).

Panewo imwe algorithm naro kuverenga kuitika reshiyo. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

K = (OA - refu-refu Cle - havaoni chikwereti) / (.. peta munataisireva) = (A1 + A2 + A3) / (Π1 + Π2).

The kumusoro indekisi mutengo, nani muripo. mamirire tsika dzayo dziri dzaona mumwe nomumwe davi okuwana, asi Paavhareji siyana pakati 1,49-2,49. A kukosha asingasviki 0.99 inoratidza chekambani kutadza kubhadhara nenguva, uye vanopfuura 3 - refu inorwara tsva zvinhu.

The coefficient inoratidza solvency ari sangano, kwete chete Pari asiwo dzawirwa. Zvisinei, haugari kupa mufananidzo zvizere. Zvebhizimisi mabhizimisi kuti chinoratidza kushoma normative, apo kugadzirwa - kazhinji.

Emergency liquidity

Mano nebhizimisi sangano kubhadhara zvikwereti nokuda anokurumidza zvinhu kubvisa inventories unoratidza nokukurumidza reshiyo. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero (mutsetse nhamba):

KSL = (1230 + 1240 + 1250) / (1500 - 1550 - 1530).

kana:

K = (nguva. DZ + nguva. Finvlozheniya + DS) / (nguva. Loans) = (A1 + A2) / (Π1 + Π2).

Pakuverenga reshiyo ichi sezvo yapfuura mumatanda vasiri akabatwa. Kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, Kuzadziswa pakati yesangano veboka kuchaunza kambani guru varasikirwa.

The optimum Kukosha - 1.5 Maminitsi - 0,8. paakati ichi inoratidza nhamba munataisireva zvinogona kufukidzwa mari runoyerera ruchibva kushanda mabasa. Kuwedzera ukoshi chinoratidza ichi vanofanira kuwedzera uwandu pachavo mari uye kukwezva zvikwereti-refu.

Sezvaiitwa yapfuura nyaya, kukosha indekisi mukuru 3 inoratidza rinopikira ramangwana rakaita rakarongeka guta mamiriro, izvo zviri kukonzerwa zvishoma-uchifamba uwandu uye nhoroondo receivable kukura.

Mhedziso liquidity

Mano nebhizimisi sangano kubhadhara chikwereti nokuda mari aibuda inoratidza mari reshiyo. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero (mutsetse nhamba):

Cal = (240 + 250) / (500 - 550 - 530).

The optimum Kukosha - kupfuura 0.2 Maminitsi - 0.1. Zvinoratidza kuti 20% izwi munataisireva sangano rinogona abhadhare pakarepo. Pasinei setsikawo yokungotaura ndingangokuvara chiitiko anoda kukurumidza mutsividzo yemutoo wezvikwereti zvose, unofanira kukwanisa kuverenga uye kuongorora nhamba kwakakwana liquidity. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

K = (Short. Finvlozheniya + DS) / (Short. Loans) = A1 / (Π1 + Π2).

Masvomhu anoshandisawo dzinonetsa Ratio. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

CCl = (A1 + A2) / (p1 + p2).

Other zviratidzi

guta Maneuverability: A3 / (Ao - A4) - (p1 + p2).

kuderera kwayo emuchina kunoonekwa sechinhu yakanaka chinhu, nekuti vamwe mari chando muna inventories uye munhoroondo receivable, anosunungurwa.

Mugove zvavo pachiyero pepa (pakuenzanisa mugumisiro - A4) / yokuita papepa zvachose.

Of pachake mari: (A4 - A4) / (AB - A4).

The sangano anofanira kanenge 10% kuti mari yaro guru mamiriro.

Net kushanda guta

paakati Izvi zvinoratidza musiyano pakati kuitika zvinhu uye zvikwereti kunyorerwa. Ichi ndicho chikamu guru, iyo yakaumbwa tichiregeredza-refu chikwereti uye zvakarurama. The yemaitiro nokuti kukarukureta riri sezvinotevera:

Net guta = OA - zvikwereti pfupi-izwi = peji 1200 - p 1500..

The nekumwisa ano yesangano pamusoro munataisireva chinoratidza kuti kambani anokwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti, matura kuti kuwedzera. Standard ukoshi - kupfuura razero. Kushaya kushanda guta inoratidza kukundikana sangano kubhadhara mutoro, uye chinokosha nekumwisa - pamusoro safunga kushandisa mari.

muenzaniso

At pachiyero pepa kusanganisira:

• Cash (DS) - 60 000 rubles.
• Short-izwi upfumi (kph) - 27 000 rubles.
• Accounts receivable (DZ) - 120 000 rubles.
• Os - 265 zviuru rubles ..
• IA - 34 zviuru rubles ..
• Inventories (PL) - 158 000 rubles.
• zvikwereti Long-rokuti (CP) - 105 000 rubles.
• Kwenguva pfupi chikwereti (CC) - 94 000 rubles.
• zvikwereti refu - 180 zviuru rubles ..

Tinofanira kuverenga coefficient kuti mhedziso liquidity. The kukarukureta fomura ndiko:

Cal = (60 + 27) / (105 + 94) = 0,4372.

The optimum Kukosha - kupfuura 0.2. The kambani anokwanisa kubhadhara 43% of wazvipira kubva mari munhoroondo kubhengi.

We ngaaverenge nokukurumidza reshiyo. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

KSL = (50 + 27 + 120) / (105 + 94) = 1,09.

Shoma kukosha indekisi - 0,80. Kana boka anoshandisa nzira dzose dziripo, kusanganisira zvikwereti chikwereti, mari iyi ichava 1,09 nguva aripo mitoro.

We ngaaverenge dzinonetsa Ratio. The yemaitiro nokuti pachiyero;

CCl = (50 + 27 + 120 + 158) / (105 + 94) = 1,628.

kududzira zvabuda

By pachavo, kuti coefficients musatakura zvinoreva, asi ari akapoteredza cheap car insurance ivo hunonyatsodonongodza mabasa kambani. Kunyanya kana vari vaisanganisa nedzimwe zviratidzi dzaona uye uwane Kukurukura zvinhu havawani kuti mune chaiyo mutsetse pachiyero.

Illiquid mumatanda havagoni kuva nokukurumidza kana kushandisa mukurima. Havafaniri kufungwa dzemaitirwe kuti ano liquidity.

Sangano, inova chikamu kunhaka boka, pakuverenga ari coefficient pakati liquidity womukati receivables uye payables haana kuiswawo. Level nani kuona solvency maererano kwakakwana liquidity coefficient.

Matambudziko akawanda achaita overestimation pamusoro zvinhu. Vanobatanidzwa kukarukureta kuti apore kashoma chikwereti kunotungamirira sizvo (kwakaderedza) tinyatsonzwisisa solvency, yakakanganiswa mashoko pamusoro mamiriro ezvemari zvesangano.

Ukuwo, achisiya kubva kukarukureta pamusoro yesangano, mukana yokuwana mari iri pasi pasi, kuti vabudirire pamutemo liquidity zviratidzi tsika iri nyore.