KAMAZ, kutonhora maitiro: kweguyo rokugadzira

The kutonhora maitiro mumotokari mamiriro hunokosha kuchengeta injini uchishandisa vanokwanisa. Nearby motokari Kama motokari chirimwa coolant kunosiyana-siyana iri kuwanda 80-120 ⁰ C. Tichifunga kuti injini tembiricha rinosvika 220 ⁰ C, zvinova kunyanya pachena chinokosha kukosha injini kutonhora hurongwa.

Features uye chinokosha

KAMAZ, kuti kutonhora maitiro riri anenge kufanana kune dzenhoroondo mabasa optimally. Kana zvarakasiya zviri injini motokari pangozi zvikuru dambudziko. The Hurongwa zvinokosha zvinenge zvakafanana motokari uye mota:

• kutonhora zviri redhiyeta;
• mvura pombi;
• pombi;
• pamadhigirii;
• kutonhora feni.

Mumwe musiyano kubva kutonhora mugadziriro haisi pakarepo pachena utility motokari - kuvapo 2 pamadhigirii. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru zvakakurumbira injini mamiriro. V-zvakaumbwa sere ine mbiri humburumbira musoro dzinongoda panguva necheparutivi ⁰ asingasviki 90 (richizonzi). Zvinotevera zvinhu - inopofumadza pamusoro heatsink. Kuchitonhora, vari namahwindo nechinzvimbo uye kubvumira nokukurumidza injini inodziya-up.

Coolant (KAMAZ 740) rinoumbwa munhu hydraulic feni batira. Pehurumende nemotokari kuti vapiwa kuchinja dzinoshandisa kumhanya, nokudaro nesimba kutonhora injini.

Dunhu iri kutonhora maitiro

Coolant (KAMAZ 740) ane hwezuva dunhu izvo zviri nyore kunzwisisa uye basa huru. The Nhamba rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti motokari yacho kutonhora maitiro ane namahwindo kumanikidzwa kutenderera antifreeze. Speed kufamba zvinosiyana nemvura pombi (30). The coolant runoyerera mukati mhango pakati kuruboshwe humburumbira kubhengi wokutanga uye ipapo kuburikidza chubhu kupinda mhango rwerudyi humburumbira kubhengi.

Mushure mvura achapfuura napakati humburumbira misoro, tinongonzwa zvichava rinopisa. Akatevera chinhu mugwara iri thermostat (17). Pano, zvichienderana mwero kudziyisa Urume kana kudzokera pombi (diki denderedzwa) kana kuti kutonhora redhiyeta (10). Redhiyeta (kakawanda 3-kana 4-mutsara) Anoshingaira inotonhodza antifreeze rinopedzisa hombe denderedzwa, kutungamirira coolant kuti pombi.

Dunhu iri kutonhora ino (KAMAZ) kuratidzwa Fig. Panewo imwe kuwedzera tangi (21) pamwe muvharo (22) uye kondo vachiongorora padanho emura (20). Fan ungano ine batira (9) anodzora nokukurumidza uye kutungamirirwa coolant kuyerera. Zvinonzi kusashanda ari tembiricha 85 ⁰ C. Kazhinji, kuti antifreeze tembiricha kana injini inofanira kuchengetedzwa vari kuwanda 85-90 ⁰ C. To kuvandudza mhepo aibuda kuburikidza rusero inopiwa diffuser. Kana yebongozozo mvura iri kutonhora mugadziriro tembiricha (98 ⁰ C) pamusoro chiridzwa Panel chinoratidza mwenje kumusoro.

Utera kutonhora maitiro

Chokutanga, ona, chii chinogona kuitika kunyange kutonhora ezvinhu mitoro mota. Zvinetso chaizvoizvo kunyange:

• kuyerera;
• overheating of antifreeze;
• hypothermia;
• Kutonhora Urume vachipinda mafuta hurongwa.

Coolant vhinza kunonyanya kunoitika kuburikidza mapaipi remubatanidzwa uye pakupedzisira kwezana pakakuvara (cracking walnut) kuti rabha hosipaipi. Saka, mumwe utera munyika - pombi. KAMAZ, kuti kutonhora maitiro yauchapiwa kukundikana, anotanga "kutambudzika" uye overheat. Zvechokwadi, kana coolant pamwero anodonhedza, zvinonyatsorehwa kudziyisa wegadziriro kunowedzera. Pane atova pedyo overheating. Kubvisa idonhe zvakakosha sungisa zvose kunyatsofunga uye pressurize rose hurongwa.

The simba Pfungwa yechipiri inogona tsunga pamadhigirii. In zvinoitirwawo kukundikana maatomu akafanana izvi zvichibvira overheating uye injini supercooled. It zvinoenderana nezvenzvimbo iyo vharuvhu akavanamatira. Kana thermostat yakazaruka, nemvura "anofamba" achitevedza denderedzwa huru kuburikidza redhiyeta. Kana vamutswa moyo-up injini asingaroori injini kuti anodziya. Kana panguva yakawanda uye akazarura maketeni, injini inogona supercooled.

Kana thermostat yapera, hapana antifreeze anopinda redhiyeta uye nokukurumidza neshungu nokuda inopisa injini. Kwekanguva, zvinhu anoponesa dzinoshandisa (Kamaz). The kutonhora Hurongwa hunoguma kubata uye chaipisa antifreeze pakutanga, uye ipapo injini.

Wechitatu mumutsetse zvinokanganiswa zvichava kutonhora feni batira. Kana akatadza, ari pusa kutonhora hurongwa kubudikidza redhiyeta haingasviki Mukaverenga. Kana Zvinoonekwa mumotokari uye nguva kuita chokudzivirira bvunzo pamwe waya nzvimbo "kufungira", hakuna matambudziko ari kutonhora gadziriro haana kukodzera kumirira.

kutonhora redhiyeta (KAMAZ)

Funga zvose zvikuru zvinoriumba ari kutonhora hurongwa yoga. Uye kutanga chokwadi rokutanga kuti Anobata ziso - the redhiyeta.

Kutonhora maitiro (KAMAZ 5320) rine wayo maumbirwo 3-kana 4-mutsara kutonhora redhiyeta. Zvinonzi zvaipiwa dzekare mhando uye inomiririra:

• rezasi Dam, riri yakakodzera nzira yokubudisa mutopota;
• nechepakati hurongwa sepombi yakarongwa mumitsara akawanda;
• yokumusoro tangi kuti romugove nenyere.

Redhiyeta Kubhururuka matatu-pfungwa. Kumativi maviri bracket the iri vakasungira, izvo zvinozoita kuburikidza damping zvinhu zviri vasiyana pamatanda divi nhengo. The pasi fastening munhu redhiyeta zvakabatana muchinjikwa nomuzariro pepuranga №1.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pamusoro nemamiriro redhiyeta (Kamaz) ndiro kuvapo utorwe. Izvi zvokuimba nyika pamahwendefa esimbi, izvo kutigumbura kuwana aibuda mhepo kubudikidza redhiyeta. Inopofumadza zvinodzorwa nerimwe nyore waya kusunungurwa zvakananga kubva nzvimbo yemutekenyi. Kana mubato iri kudzura, zvinoreva kuti maketeni dzakavharika, uye zvimwewo - dzinonzwa. With ichi kuchitonhora injini inotanga kudziya nokukurumidza.

feni

KAMAZ kutonhora feni akatasva nomubato uye mvura coupling externally hunomiririrwa lobes shanu. Zvichienderana tembiricha iri injini batira iri kwaita akatendeuka pamusoro uye kure. Fan maererano inclusions izvi kana sezvo kushanda kana kwete kushanda kana munhu Urume coupling tinyerere rotates pakuona mhepo chokubuda.

Nokuti hubudirire mhepo achinatsa pamusoro injini kutonhora hurongwa (KAMAZ) ane pamusoro feni casing. It chakagadzirwa marata pepa kubudikidza punching. Pamusana kwaari, mhepo runoyerera zvinobudirira chete pamusoro redhiyeta pamwe divi kachidza.

Kutonhora Urume coupling

kutonhora mudziyo (KAMAZ) rine wayo sezvamunoita kunokosha zvakadai chinhu sechinhu Urume coupling ane. Chinangwa chikuru mudziyo ichi - the torsion chinopfuudzwa kubva crankshaft kusvika motokari injini kutonhora feni. Kana ane chimbichimbi kuchinja torque Urume coupling hakuiti kuti tirege vibrations, uye rwuri nguva dzose kumhanya zvakanaka, pasina jerks.

Zvayakaita, iyo mvura coupling unotora mavhiri maviri kugadzira pamusoro mugodhi, kuburikidza mabheyaringi ari dzimba. nhamba Akasiyana mashizha: 33 kusvika akavabudisira, uye pamusoro vadzingwa - zvipande 32. Pakati Urume coupling aine womukati mhango riri kushanda. Zviri kuburikidza kushanda mhango kunoitika torque yedzimudzangara kana raguta mafuta.

Urume coupling kuti kutonhora hurongwa kubasa, zvakafanira kuti injini mafuta mairi vakapiwa. Izvi imhaka kuti chinja, ine nzvimbo nhatu. 3 dzinoenderana vatatu nokukiya chinja modes pamusoro kurudza oparesheni:

• otomatiki;
• kuramba activation of feni;
• Fan chose, kuti batira asingadi akaunza torque kubva crankshaft.

In otomatiki nzira, ari kutonhora maitiro (KAMAZ Euro 2) anoshanda maererano anorimwa yakataurwa vagadziri. Ndiko, kusvikira coolant tembiricha 86 ⁰ C mafuta hakurevi ichiyerera kupinda kushanda mhango uye hydraulic batira feni kure. Uye kuwedzera tembiricha chinja anovhura uye mafuta runoyerera munzvimbo Urume coupling, nokudaro akatendeuka pamusoro feni.

Kana batira chinja riri chakaremara (injini overheats), Zvinokurudzirwa yokugadza nayo munzvimbo pamwe kuramba kuwanikwa munhu zvimvura-mvura akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Uye mushure mhosva kudzokera otomatiki nzira. Nokuti zviitiko apo motokari chinokunda yakadzika mazambuko, kuti chinja nzvimbo inokurudzirwa kuisa mukati namahwindo ezvinhu nokuda batira.

mvura pombi

Kutonhora System (Kamaz) chimwe chinhu chinokosha - mvura pombi. Its basa chikuru - riparadzirwe coolant rose injini kutonhora hurongwa. Pasina hazvigoneki kusika yakanaka aibuda mugwara. Zvino zvakaitika kukundikana injini basa achava pasi mubvunzo.

Internal kushanda mhango pakati pombi vanodzivirirwa zvisimbiso. Nokuti kudzivirira malfunctions ari pombi ane lubricator, kuburikidza izvo zviri nyore kupomba girisi. The chiratidzo kuzvidzora chatozara hwomukova kuburikidza kwokunatsiridza noukama retsono. romuzvarirwo "Litol" rinoshandiswa senzira mafuta. Kuti udzidze pamusoro tightness ari pombi casing, pane chinokosha abudise buri. Kana inoyerera kubva, ipapo nemicherechedzo usarega, uye anofanira kutsiviwa.

Anotonga uye kubatana

Kutonhora sepombi (KAMAZ) ichava yakanaka pasi pokudzora. Kana munhu leaky kubatana chinowanzoitika kurasikirwa yakawanda coolant uye overheat injini. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa kuti pezvisungo zvenguvo senyere kubva redhiyeta, mvura pombi uye thermostat.

kutonhora pamadhigirii vane basa basa rokutarisira antifreeze Rwako. By kuwedzera nemvura tembiricha kusvika 80 ⁰ C vari redirected kune redhiyeta, i.e. kuparadzirwa saka anotanga kutevera "denderedzwa guru". Muchikamu ichi kuerera anoramba iyerere kuburikidza "denderedzwa diki". Chete panguva tembiricha kuti 93 ⁰ C. Valve "pulmonary" zvizere yakavharwa uye vose coolant runoyerera napakati injini redhiyeta.

kutonhora maitiro

Kutonhora System (KAMAZ 740) haana kumbosiyana kubva yapfuura yokutevedzera. Unofanirawo kuziva kuti nokuda 740 euros injini inonyaradza 0, Euro 2, Euro 3 uye Euro 4 havana kuita chero kuchinja kuti kutonhora hurongwa. Saka, chii chinofanira kuitwa zvakanaka basa hurongwa?

The kekutanga chaizvo unofanira kuita mazuva ose, kana motokari iri kuvhiyiwa, zvinonzi zvakaongororwa idonhe yose hurongwa (kutevera kungoda munhu vhinza) uye zvadaro vakazadzwa antifreeze kune inokurudzirwa padanho. Munotapira coolant muzhizha kungava misi mvura, uye chando - iri Qualitative antifreeze kana antifreeze. Zvokushandisa kumatunhu kuchamhembe munzvimbo kutonhora mugadziriro utsinye iiswe kudziyisa.

Zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro basa, izvo anoitisa yokungoitawo inofanira kusanganisira:

• kubudikidza bhandi makakatanwa;
• mvura pombi Nokuraramisa (lubrication pamusoro mabheyaringi ndinoiitawo kuongorora uye kutsiva nezvisimbiso);
• tarisa nemotokari bhandi tensioner;
• azere kumanikidzwa kuedza kutonhora maitiro;
• yepamusoro kuzvidzora antifreeze uye ayo zvinoita kuzvitsinhanisa;
• Flushing wemuTesitamende chiitiko simba clogging.

kumanikidzwa bvunzo

Coolant (KAMAZ 65115) anofanira kuva impermeability zvakakwana. Visual rokuongorora wakanaka, asi haagoni kuratidza nzvimbo dziri kuda kutanga ichiyerera. Kuziva utera akadaro zvakanaka kushandisa kufurirwa geji uye kupomba kusika kumanikidzwa.

Kushandisa zvakakwana kuti crimp rokumusoro redhiyeta Inlet pombi nevezera kutanga injini uye uone manometer,. Kana zvose zvakanaka, uye hurongwa haana deletions, chiridzwa ruoko hakuzochinji nzvimbo yaro. Zvikasadaro, kana tsono anotanga kuenda pasi, tinogona chete kuwana matambudziko nzvimbo.

Pavanotsiva coolant

Kana uchifanira kutsiva mvura kutonhora ezvinhu seboka, hazvina kudaro hazviwanzoitiki. Nyore Ipfungwa - yechando akauya, uye kwava mvura nyore. Uyewo, yokutsiva kungadiwa mune chiitiko kurasikirwa rawo emura kutonhora ehupfumi kana zvakakomba kusvibiswa.

Vachikwanisa of kutonhora ino (KAMAZ) ndiyo 25 litres. Izvi, mvura "hembe" nokuda 18 litres. Kutsiva mvura iri zvibereko yekare Drain wokutanga. Nokuti ichi zvakafanira kuzarura yakaderera redhiyeta vharuvhu, wopedza vharafu pakupisa exchanger uye pombi iri kudziyisa mugadziriro, uyewo senyere kuti unopa mvura kusvika mberi kudziyisa hurongwa. Musakanganwa kuti sunungura kuwedzera tangi chivharo.

Kana mvura zvizere batanidza, mavharuvhu zvose dzakavharika. A yose Vhoriyamu kutonhora ino (KAMAZ) izere kuburikidza kuwedzera tangi. New antifreeze anosarudzwa zvichienderana nenguva yegore uye motokari uchishandisa ezvinhu. Hatifaniri kutsausa pachedu imupota zvokusarudza mune magaba akanaka. Domestic coolants vane zvakangofanana ehupfumi zvakafanana dzakawanda unhu mitemo.

Flushing kuti kutonhora maitiro

Kugeza kutonhora ezvinhu anogona kuva siyana. Kana nezvenyaya utachiona inogona wosukurudzwa pachena mvura. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, yekare coolant iri vakapedzwa, asi pachinzvimbo yakadirwa mvura. Injini iri rakatanga uye zvakafadza kumusoro simbe. Zvadaro, mvura iri pauri, uye kutenderera inodzokororwa kakawanda kusvikira yakachena.

Kana utachiona kare kukosha, zvakanakisisa kushandisa inokosha rakapera nokushamba. Panguva iyoyo pane nokukurumidza zvakasiyana kana Flushing anongonzi akawedzera kune akwegura antifreeze uye ipapo zvose merges. Asi zviri nani kushandisa mhinduro yokugeza kana coolant yekare rave vakapedzwa. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kuchenesa mvura "hembe" injini yokuchenesa mhinduro kusiyana. Redhiyeta kutonhora maitiro anofanira kucheneswa yoga zvimwe zvokufambisa okuchenesa. To ichi tsime yakasimbiswa 2,5% hydrochloric asidhi mhinduro.

Washing zviri vanofanira kuziva kuti kutungamirirwa chekubuda pakushambwa inofanira zvakapesana kunowanzoitika weboka kutonhora mvura. A yakawanda yezvinhu kuchaita Flushing mvura aibuda, kana kuti makemikari mhinduro zvaoma.

Troubleshooting

Coolant (KAMAZ 5320) vanofanira kushanda pasina yakatsauka kubva rokuongorora kuti kuongorora. Asi zviitiko zvakasiyana, uye mhosva kunogona kuitika tisingazvifungiri. Zivo utera munyika kuchabatsira kuziva dambudziko nokukurumidza uye kurigadzirisa pakarepo.

Kutyorwa ezvinhu tightness zvinoitwa kuwana vhinza nzvimbo uye kuti kubviswa kwayo zvinobvira. Kuti aite izvi kakawanda kutarisana kuongorora. Zvakaongororwa Nezvenyaya zvose pfungwa, mvura pombi, redhiyeta, batira. Worn mokugezera panguva imweyo nani kungokonzera kutsiviwa. Usabuda redhiyeta inogona kubviswa nokuda pokunamatidza kana muting leaky sepombi. Chisarudzo kutsiva redhiyeta chinobviswa nomumwe, nokuti zvikuru maintainable akandoshamba zvakanaka kana kubviswa.

Pfeka kana kupatsanurwa kuti nemotokari bhandi kuonekwa nani yokugadzirisa kutsiviwa. Kana paine fungidziro varombo-yepamusoro basa pamadhigirii, ivo zvakakunakira kuongorora kudziyisa repasi tangi yacho redhiyeta. Pamusangano tembiricha 85 ⁰ C, kureva apo thermostat vharuvhu anotanga kuzarura, mota inofanira anodziya. Kana asingadi, Saka, vharuvhu kutadza uye vanofanira ichatsiviwa thermostat.

Kutonhora System (Kamaz Euro 2) haana kumbosiyana avo akapfuura uye gare gare zvakare. Matambudziko anogona kuitika munyika kutonhora mugadziriro vari zvakakura maitiro avo. Imwe mhosva yakadaro - achipinda coolant iri lubrication mugadziriro. It rinogona kuona achiburuka antifreeze pasina zvikasawanirwa nzvimbo vhinza. Chikonzero inogona aipfeka gasket humburumbira musoro, uye vhinza kuburikidza chisimbiso chikwata dzisimbe. Dambudziko riri kugadziriswa kutsiva Worn injini gaskets.

mhedziso

Car Care vanofanira kugara uye nzwisisika. Hapana dzemuviri varege kuva neropafadzo. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanaka kuziva kusakwana imwe motokari. KAMAZ, kuti kutonhora maitiro izvo hazvina matambudziko, iwe uchiri zvinofanira kugara iongororwe uye zvakazara yokuzvigadzirisa.