Izvozvo zvinosanganisira bhandi dzevanhu yokumusoro richiripo

Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa maitiro womunhu muviri - chishamiso zvakasikwa. It inotsigira mativi ose muviri zvakanaka nzvimbo, inodzivirira chinokosha nhengo uye zvinopa zvinoshamisa mufambo yose muviri. Belt rokumusoro wamativi ndiye anokonzera hwakawanda maoko kusvika axial marangwanda.

Pamasikiro mashizha uye clavicles

Zvinoumba yokumusoro muzvidimbu bhanhire kunosanganisira pamasikiro mashizha maviri, maviri clavicles uye skeletal richiripo pacharo. Kuti mapazi rokumusoro Mbabvu pave muchimiro pamafudzi evanhu. Hands vasunge hunde mashizha uye clavicles kuti zvinoumba bhandi rokumusoro wamativi. The mashizha vanosarudzirwa panguva pamusoro shure, kuva mativi chimiro, vanosunga kuti musana uye mbabvu Via musculature. Chipande ari matsva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe clavicle, bondo uye chokuita kuti sternum uye mbabvu. Clavicle ane curved pfupa, kuvakoka pakati sternum uye chokunze chipasa yorusvingo.

Marangwanda bhandi yokumusoro muzvidimbu inovakwa kubva zvikamu:

• 2 clavicles;
• 2 chipande;
• humerus;
• TOUR pfupa;
• makubhiti;
• chiningoningo;
• mapfupa metacarpal;
• phalanges.

yokumusoro richiripo nebhanhire shanda

Huru basa anoitwa bhandi yokumusoro dzevanhu muzvidimbu - kuumba simba uye zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita rutsigiro maoko. Kusiyana pelvic bhanhire, hazvina nokuramba wakaomerera panzira zvakabatana ari axial marangwanda. Mapfupa chikuru yokumusoro muzvidimbu bhanhire: clavicle, iyo anoumba breastbone dzose pamwe uye scapula Rinobatanidzwa ne mapfupa muviri pamwe simba tsandanyama. Somugumisiro, pamapendekete zviri kuitika mune kwebasa maoko, kuwedzera amplitude uye nokudaro kushanda kunyatsoshanda.

Mapfupa yokumusoro bhandi X Mbabvu dzevanhu vane chivako wakafanana marangwanda pamusoro vertebrates, uye akaumbwa 3 madhipatimendi - fudzi, honokono uye chiningoningo. Tsandanyama chokuita bhandi ichi, simbisa papfudzi muhudyu uye ndiye zhinji kufamba maoko. Paddle - yakafara ndiro sezvo netriangle riri seri thorax pamwe musana chikamu yokumusoro richiripo nebhanhire. It ane sandara mafudzi kwemajoini mhango, muchakandwa musoro humerus. Bandauko joinhi nekaupenyu kusagadzikana, rinopa kunonyanyisa-siyana inofamba, asi kubatwa sprains uye mamwe makuvaro.

Mapfupa chikuru maoko

The humerus rinomiririrwa muchimiro refu tubular pfupa bhandi okumusoro maoko nemakumbo, vari zvakabatanidzwa nayo mbiri ulna nokururama refu uye nharaunda. Humerus unoumba kugokora mapfupa maviri, uye mumakwenzi hwakabatana chete mumwe wavo - of chiningoningo rwakashodoka. The ulna iri mukati. All mapfupa maoko vari chokuita mumwe kuburikidza majoini.

The zvihombe ndiwo:

• papfudzi;
• chiningoningo;
• ulna.

Majoini vari chaizvo siyana munyika zvitange, kushingaira mufambo, izvo zvakakonzera Kushandurwa forelimb, kureva maoko, mukufamba shanduka mune basa simba. Ulnar pfupa uye nemwaranzi wakatsiga humerus ukuwo, vasaita kufamba. Kunyange simba zvipfundo zvomunwe yenyu. Maererano nemamiriro ari marangwanda ruoko uye rutsoka akafanana chaizvo. Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo - bhurasho mudziyo, umo huru chigunwe anosiiwa nevamwe, achibvumira rwake kuti kubata masangano. Pakati chiningoningo uye metacarpal bvupa napagumwe roruoko - chete Chigaro pejoinhi muviri, umo sangano iri vakasununguka zvikuru kupfuura mujinga wokutanga toe.

Sechivako kugokora muhudyu

Belt yokumusoro muzvidimbu kunosanganisira kugokora vadyi randinogara zvikamu zviviri trochlear uye idenderedzwa. Wokutanga protrusion richibatanidza ane humerus ulnar notch, uyewo anotipa flexor-extensor fambisa maoko ake. Idenderedzwa mugove rinobatanidza humeral musoro pamwe nemwaranzi fossa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kumonyanisa honokono. Vakawanda vagari zvakakwana kugadzikana nokuda hombe pose dzakaoma yeimwe nemarunda. Nharaunda - mukuru honokono. Anoumba Joint pamwe chiningoningo. The ulna pamwe danda Anoumba kugokora.

Sechivako pamafudzi muhudyu

yokumusoro muzvidimbu nebhanhire rinosanganisira papfudzi kumonwa. Fudzi bhora vadyi zvikuru Mobile ari mumuviri womunhu. Zviri anenge sandara mumupata uri chipande iri articulated ane hemispherical musoro humerus. mudziyo Izvi zvinoita kuti takasununguka tenderera ruoko kwose kwose. Bone anenge anotendeuka, kumusoro, pasi. In mufambo akadaro ane zvazvakanakira, nokuti kuti chisungo simba ipfupi, mune ichi vagari sprains zvinowanzoitika. The vagari chechipiri aumbwa scapula uye clavicle. It zvinowanzoitika kuminyuka kana kuwira pasi noruoko rwake kana akarova pamberi pamapfudzi.

ruoko

Chikamu ichi ruoko ane panzvimbo yakaoma marongerwo. The mumakwenzi ine 3 kupatsanurana, izvo, akavapindurawo, vane 27 mafupa. At mwoyo paitwa 5 metacarpals uye 8 mapfupa carpal. The marangwanda of minwe pachavo anoumba 14 phalanges, 2 thumbs mapfupa uye 3 - mumwe nomumwe mana. Hand ane zvikuru unyanzvi marongerwo. In vacheche, ivo vanozivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma chete kuumbwa, ivo vachava zvakanaka kuonekwa chete makore manomwe, uye Ossificação em kwavo apera zvikuru gare gare, kumativi makore 10-13. The chete painopera uye Ossificação em phalanges.

Nemarunda uye tsandanyama rokumusoro richiripo bhanhire

Sezvo fudzi vadyi vari Mobile zvakakwana, uye bandauko bhandi haisi nokuramba wakaomerera panzira vasiyana axial marangwanda, yokumusoro muzvidimbu bhanhire tsandanyama vane chaiwo basa. Tsandanyama kubatanidza ruoko kuti muviri uye ndivo kuvhunduka absorbers. The deltoid tsandanyama ndiko kuri nepfudzi akasimba rinobatanidza scapula uye humerus. Zviri nemhaka ruoko wake rinobuda uye kunoita mberi uye shure.

Rotator cuff ine tsandanyama zvina zviduku:

• infraspinatus;
• supraspinatus;
• denderedzwa diki;
• subscapularis.

Ivo kudzora vachishandisa kutenderera maoko uye kusimbisa fudzi rwakashodoka.

The Musimboti Tsandanyama rokumusoro richiripo bhanhire

Yokumusoro muzvidimbu ine peya mikuru tsandanyama vakanga biceps uye triceps, izvo zvinoumba peya mhandu, kana munhu ipfupi, mumwe relaxes. Biceps, kana biceps rinobva mashizha kusvika nharaunda. Kana zvakasimba zvakabaya ruoko, inogona vachiongorora akanaka. Triceps, triceps nepfudzi tsandanyama, fudzi chipande rinobatanidza kuti ulna. Haasi kuoneka saka, asi biceps yakakura. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana kuita somunhu boka tsandanyama. Somuenzaniso, apo vachisimudza mumwe honokono Wakafupisa biceps - the tsandanyama kuti anosimudza yokumusoro ruoko pamapfudzi. Panguva imwe chete rwakatambanudzwa uye triceps, extensor tsandanyama, izvo zvinoita kuti kuzodzosera ruramisa ruoko.

Extensors uye flexors

Complex fambisa zvemaoko uye ruoko anopiwa zvikurukuru kwakarongeka nokushanda muzvizhinji kuti tsandanyama vari honokono ichifamba. It flexors uye extensors. Flexors kuuya ruoko rwake honokono ake uye kumanikidzira minwe yako. Vari mukati ruoko. Extensor ruramisa zvemaoko uye minwe, achiadzosa kune honokono nzvimbo. Kuti unclench rwake uye kuitora pasi zvinoda kwakarongeka basa 35 of honokono uye ruoko tsandanyama. Uyewo, tsandanyama ari honokono kurerutsa bhurasho kurudyi, tenderera izvozvo, kuzodzosera romuchindwe chiningoningo uye minwe ndee panzvimbo. Dzisinganyatsooneki munwe kufamba zvinodzorwa vachiita tsandanyama dzavo mapfupa pakukoka kubva mapfupa chiningoningo kusvikira mujinga wokutanga phalanx. Basa asara phalanges akapa nemarunda refu flexor uye extensor tsandanyama, iri honokono.

Age uye mapfupa kuchembera ekudzivirira

Belt evanhu yokumusoro mutezo vachida muzvidzivirire Anti-zvokukwegura. With zera, ungaderedza pfupa simba uye mikana yakawanda mitswe. Age-chokuita mapfupa kurasikirwa anenge kusingarapiki, asi vanogona uye vanofanira kudzivirira kana substantially kunonoka. Overstrain tsandanyama pakati pamafudzi uye musana hwakazara kunorwadza chaizvo ezvinhu. Vanhu kupedza zuva rose ari pakombiyuta uye dhesiki, kazhinji slouch kana vari hunched mamiriro. Nokudaro kuomarara nguva dzose kuoma tsandanyama uye ndichisveerera tsandanyama pakati pamafudzi uye shure, izvo zvingangoisa mungozi chidzoke okurwadziwa tsandanyama nokusunungura mapfundo uye makakatanwa nomusoro.

Zvakakodzera kusimbisa bhandi okumusoro wamativi, kureva tsandanyama pakati pamafudzi uye shure, kuburikidza Muchiitwa kutwasanudza chipfuva uye tutunura tsandanyama nemarunda. ruzivo chaizvo kubatsira uye maberekero pakati pamafudzi, uyewo shrug. dzidzo Mumuviri Unotsigira marwadzo, kunosimbisa tsandanyama uye mapfupa, anovandudza kuchinja kwomuviri, saka kufamba, uye akagwinya munhu.