Hove-kudya hove. Chii uye sei zvokudya hove mugungwa?

Nyika yedu inogarwa zvinoshamisa vamiririri fauna of, imwe neimwe ine pachake nemamwe unhu ayo. Tinoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pavo: somuenzaniso, koala asingadi kunwa mvura, katsi zvakanaka kuona murima, uye Dolphins vane ungwaru anenge munhu. Uye chii chatinoziva pamusoro hove, asi kuti pane rinoshandiswa zvokudya, uye pane zvose inedible uye kunyange muchetura?

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura nezvoUmambo zvinoshamisa vagere pasi pemvura kuyerwa, une zvimbi: pamusoro hwavo makadzika, uye miitiro chii hove kudya, zvichienderana zvakatipoteredza yavanogara.

Muchaona zvisingazivikanwi nyika pamusoro pemvura umambo, apo kwete zvose akadzikama kudaro murunyararo uye sezvo zvinoita pakutanga kuaona. Somuenzaniso, mumvura kurarama hove, kudzinganisana hove uye mhuka duku. Panewo rybolyuby-shiri uye mhuka dzisina averse kudya dzichangobva kubatwa zvinonaka.

Mumwe wake Muterere

By yezvakaita maitiro uye madyiro hove vakakamurwa zvikurukuru pamusoro dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya uye rugare. Dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya - chiri hove hove-kudya, uye chete dzimwe nguva vaishandisa zvokudya zvakasiyana. Ivo kukuisa nengozi kuti hove-vegetarians, kunyanya vaya diki saizi.

Peace, akavapindurawo, muri herbivorous, benthophages uye plankton. Zvikurukuru, ndiyo hove kuti zvokudya pamusoro algae.

Herbivorous upise phytoplankton chete, mune mamwe mashoko - zvinoyangarara algae. Benthophages - hove Tidzidze algae kuti kukura pamusoro udzamu (anonzi phytobenthos) uye Organic inoramba. Planktophages vanosarudza zooplankton uye havasi averse kune zvinenge chete-celled kuti vagere rwizi.

Uyezve, pane omnivores euryphages - hove kuti zvokudya pamusoro hove, algae uye invertebrates diki. Muterere yavo ndiyo siyana.

rwizi Vagari

Ndichitarisa parwizi, hatina pfungwa sei zvakawanda ose zvipenyu kurarama pasi mvura pamusoro. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe kunoratidzwa "aizoisa" ayo Freshwater hove. Somuenzaniso, muna nzizi pamusoro munharaunda Russia anowanikwa vamiririri akadai Bersh, kabhu, dace, Ruff, Sturgeon, Rainbow, whitefish, grayling.

Uyewo pamvura Russian anogona kuwanikwa tsvina, Pike, kabhu, bream, neKubhi. Uyezve, pane vanodiwa kudaro anglers kabhu, minnows, kabhu, roach, Rudd, tench, Catfish, burbot, knot. Uye ichi hachisi gurupu pakubhadhara zvose.

Mbeswa zvikara rwizi

The chikafu iri hove murwizi? Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvokudya zvavo. River Vagari Muterere inotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda: mhando pasi (jecha kana matombo), matope, uye kunyange nenguva gore.

Ngatitange pamwe chaiwo zvikara, izvo zvinosanganisira hove, hove-kudya. It Bersh, Sturgeon, Rainbow, Pike, Catfish, muramba, rwizi knot. Ngatimboongororai kwavari:

• Bersh ndohwaJehovha mhuri Okuneva uye anotarisa rakafanana knot. Izvi dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya dzidzo hove unodya furaya kuti roach uye Rudd. Usazeza kutora minnows diki uye ruffs.
• Sturgeon ndohwaJehovha mhuri chete zita. Uyu hwehasha chikara anogona vanodya huru Muterere uye "nokuruma" datya. In vakawanda rwizi Sturgeon kunoitika chete kana ivo kuita kuti pave. Izvi dzinotama nehove zvikara kwete kudya chete mumvura yakachena, asi vava.
• Loach - mumiririri guru kwazvo pamusoro Sarimoni mhuri, izvo vaiona chikara nokuti kwazvo kwazvo hove caviar, yakashapa ruomba nawo akawanda, nokudaro achidzikisa kwevanhu avo nemafashamo zvikuru. Uyewo Rainbow preys pamusoro Sarimoni furaya.
• Pike - mumiriri chete mhuri chete zita. Zviri zvikuru nehasha, voracious, dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya munhu. Rokugoverwa zvokudya zvayo zvinosanganisira ryboshki akadai kabhu uye roach. Mukuwedzera, Pike "kutambura" kudya vanhu: hove idzi zvikara kudya vamiririri maduku adzo. The siyana ari Muterere kunogona kuita Pike uye mhuka diki (semuenzaniso, negonzo), zvakaitika kuti mumvura. Uyewo Pike zvakatapwa anogona kuva diki hwemvura shiri vavo vaduku.
• Catfish yemhuri soms kwavo madyiro akafanana Pike. Rinodya hove diki, uye waterfowl anorwisa manyana. Vamiririri Large abate shiri huru, uyewo kukwanisa kutakura mvura imbwa duku kana mhuru. Pane zviitiko apo Catfish vakarwisa njiva kuti pakangoerekana pecked zviyo panguva nemvura mucheto. Izvi "makaro" kuti chikafu nokuti kuti anodyisa chete panguva kudziya, uye muchando nzara.
• Burbot ndohwaJehovha Unorudzi Cod. hove ava zvikara vachivhima chakapambwa usiku, uye usadya hove chete, kusanganisira juveniles akafanana pachavo, asi kuora mhuka uye matatya.
• River knot ndiye zvose muvhimi uye nezvavakatapa. Rinodya hove diki, uye iye pachake ndiye zvokudya Pike uye zander.

pasi pemvura vegetarians

Zvavo makadzika erwizi - hove hakukuvadzi kuti Tidzidze algae uye phytoplankton, detritus. Phytoplankton - dukuduku chirimwa Utachiona, izvo vakawanda vagere madziva uye akatamira kuburikidza rwizi.

Kazhinji, phytoplankton havasi kuonekwa kune kupfeka ziso, saka vanhu regai kukosha. Vazhinji vedu havana kutomboziva nemaziso zvipenyu izvi, asi ivo - revane miriwo vanoumba chii zvokudya hove murwizi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya mhuka dzakadai uswa kabhu, sirivha kabhu uye tench. Tinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo:

• Cupid - "chizvarwa" yacho kabhu mhuri. Rinodya bedzi pamusoro miriwo zvokudya: madhaka, algae siyana uye tsanga. Anogonawo kushandisa anyatsofukidzwa panguva soRwizi pano zvirimwa rwizi.
• Carp ndohwaJehovha mhuri dzakafanana kabhu, uye anoda nemaziso algae uye detritus. Carp muromo - rudzi "Sefa mudziyo", nemhaka iyo hove ichi mutema sefa dzemvura dzinotakurika, somunhu mhando rwizi utsanana.
• Lin - hove ndakagara chaizvo kugara pedyo pasi kana iri kelp mumasango. Vanopfuura 60% yayo zvokudya chinoumbwa algae.

omnivorous euryphages

Zvinofadza kuti zvinenge varidzi vose zvimbi, kana vegans rugare kana carnivores carnivores munguva basa kukura vari omnivores. The chikafu pamusoro hove murwizi, ayo semhosva euryphages? Mhinduro iri nyore: zvinenge zvose anowana mumuromo wavo. Izvi rwizi duku plankton, crustaceans, molluscs, majemusi, uye kunyange tumbuyu! Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya mhuka duku. Mafuta Kudya - ndiwo chinhu chinokosha, umo hove kukura zvinodiwa.

Anodya zvipembenene, "uduku" hazvirevi kuva zvikara, uye vanodya algae yacho furaya havasi kukura herbivorous. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe hove kuti havadarowo "omnivorous" kwoupenyu:

• Elec - "chizvarwa" yacho kabhu mhuri. I kudya invertebrates kugara pasi, uyewo zvinomera uye nezvipembenene.
• Ruff runobva kuna mhuri Okuneva. Akanga kusimba nemakaro uye anodya nguva dzose. The chikuru zvokudya imwe Ruff - invertebrates, zvipembenene dzavo mazana, mollusks diki, mazai hove uye mamwe marudzi algae.
• Grayling - mumiririri mhuri chete zita. Sezvo Ruff, twuchidya pamusoro zooplankton, tumbuyu, mazai zviri kukonzera hove.
• Tsvina - hove omnivorous, izvo haadzokeri chero zvokudya akafanana mazai uye furaya dzimwe hove, algae, benthic zvinenge.
• Carp - chakakura euryphage kabhu mhuri. Haana mudumbu, saka ake nzara usingadzimwi. hove ichi anodya mollusks, zvipembenene mazana, zooplankton, vanogara pasi mumatope.
• Bream rakasiyana zvikuru hove muromo diki buri. Nemhaka iyi anatomical zvinhu isingakwanisi yokufungisisa guru kudya, saka kugutsikana detritus, tumbuyu diki uye nehonye.
• Asp runobva kuna kabhu mhuri. Vaduku hove ichi anodya tumbuyu, zooplankton, zviduku crustaceans. Yakura vanhu vari Kuenda "dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya" zvokudya. Panguva asp haana mazino uye kuwana hove dzavo duku, zvinoshamisa yandirova muswe. Haadzokeri, uye tumbuyu guru, zvakadai kungozvifunga, zvipembenene, dragonflies.
• Karas - mumwe mumiririri euryphages hove. Zvokudya zvavo crustaceans, zvipembenene mazana, molluscs, nebhitumini, algae, benthic plankton, duckweed.
• Gudgeon - randinenge muenzaniso benthophages. Rinodya zooplankton, tumbuyu diki uye molluscs, uyewo siyana nehove caviar.
• Rudd - hove yacho kabhu mhuri. Zvinokosha "litmus bvunzo" imwe mhando kuona kwemvura - Rudd kurarama chete mumvura yakachena. Her Muterere inoumbwa vaduku matavi siyana hwemvura zvinomera, zvipembenene dzavo mazana uye mazai mollusks, izvo hove iri pamusoro Seruva Mapedhi.
• Roach - ichi vane mwero zvokudya nehove kabhu mhuri unodya crustaceans diki uye zvikwevaropa, mukonikoni mazana, bloodworms, algae uye mbeu.

Kudya tsika vagari kwegungwa

Usakanganwa kuti kuwedzera nzizi uye madhamu pane zvakawanda kuti vari kumusha ose pemvura zvisikwa: hozhwa, matatya, crayfish. In reservoirs zvakadaro anorarama Ozyornaya hove chikafu pamusoro crustaceans diki: Sturgeon, kabhu, uswa kabhu, tench, knot, muraraungu Rainbow, kabhu, roach, whitefish uye Ide.

Fish mhenyu mudziva, ane siyanei kudya pane kurwizi. Izvi imhaka chaihwo microclimate kwemvura. River hove dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya kufanana whitefish kudya kwavo tsika akasiyana mudziva chokuti zvokudya vakawanda vavo, 60% chinosanganisira phytoplankton uye algae.

The Kudeuka uye kupfuura voracious Ozyornaya hove chikafu pamusoro crustaceans diki, phytoplankton uye zooplankton - munhu kabhu. Kufanana kwayo rwizi "mukoma", haana anodya, nokuti hove pasina mudumbu. Uyewo, crustaceans duku vazhinji kudya bream.

Vagere wakawanda gungwa

gungwa rakadzika zvinokambaira zvose zvemarudzi vamiririri fauna of, kunyanya hove. Kufanana norwizi, vane rugare uye dzinodya dzimwe. The chikafu iri hove mugungwa? Nokuti kuti dzine vanhu vakawanda nezvinhu zvinenge zvakasiyana, zvomumvura inotonhora-Muterere zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana pane rwizi dzavo "hama."

Inonyanya gungwa "vanun'una" rwizi zenze achitungamirira dzorugare nzira youpenyu - mullet, herring, mullet, tsvuku mullet uye roach. Sei "pamusoro"? Nekuti hove idzi Tidzidze algae, dzimwe nguva unogona azodya akafanana pachake.

Menu hove nehasha, mukusiyana vagere gungwa pakadzika, zvakawanda siyana runyararo. Hove chikafu pagungwa-nezvikara? Zvinofadza kuziva kuti muduku chinorura pamwe zvimbi kunogona kuita zvokudya hove hombe Mbeswa. Vakawanda dzesango - ndiye mackerel, Sarimoni, Catfish, seflounder, halibut, mackerel, Sarimoni, Tuna, cod uye knot.

Diet kuti hove ine rugare zvomumvura

1. Mullet runobva kuna MULLETS mhuri. Chinhu chinokosha chikafu nehove svikiro saizi, izvo anodyisa dentritom, dzemugungwa uye matope saka, runoonekwa gungwa nenyika kuvandudzika.
2. Herring - the "kudyiwa" zvose. Her rudo shiri, mhuka zvomumvura , uye isu - vanhu. Rinodya crustaceans diki uye zooplankton. Zvakakura herring Vamiririri anogona kuita kudya vanhu, muchidya makwayana yavo mhando.
3. Mullet anonzi imwe hove zvikuru zvinonaka. Zvokudya zvavo (zooplankton uye Dentro), izvozvo anochera kubva pasi sediments.
4. Hove ane kusetsa zita mullet anodya duku benthic Utachiona, uchishandisa tunonzwa yavo fumbles zvokudya.
5. Ram - mumwe kufarira zvakatapwa anglers. Inotungamirira demersal mararamiro uye anodya mollusks diki uye zooplankton.

Zvokudya marina zvikara hove

1. Mackerel pasión - ndiwo ndeimwe dzakakurumbira hove inodyiwa murume. Ichi chikara-euryphage, rinopa zvose plankton uye duku wakadaro.
2. Pink Sarimoni - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vamiririri hove yacho Sarimoni mhuri. Mune dzimwe nyika, hove ichi anonzi "Sarimoni Russian". zvokudya zvayo ine mollusks, uye nehove duku, crustaceans uye furaya.
3. Catfish vanosarudza mvura inotonhora, saka anogara ari kudzika nokururama kukuru. Nemhaka yaro zvakanaka dzakabudirira shaya Muterere ndiyo tefa chaizvo. Catfish kudya magakanje, clams, gungwa urchins, lobsters, Starfish uye muramba dzimwe nguva. Havazvidzi Catfish uye hove, zviri kure vachipfuma kukura.
4. Seflounder akasiyana nokuda kwayo kujairika chitarisiko. Izvi sandara mudzimai kunotungamirira demersal mararamiro uye preys pamusoro hove diki uye crustaceans, kurwisa kubvira ake jecha utiziro.
5. Halibut ari mhuri flatfish uye dzinofambiswa nenzira yakafanana seflounder. Zvatinofarira hunopiwa capelin uye pollock.
6. Mackerel pasión - hadzi muvhimi. It anova zvokushambadzira hove dzakadai bakayawu, tsvuku mullet uye mullet. Haadi mapfumo pasi pachavo juveniles dzavo. Uyewo, bhiza mackerel pasión - zvokudya zvomusi Dolphins.
7. Salmon - zvikuru kufarira vanhu hove. Vakawanda kushandiswa kubika ari dzekubikira zvenyika. Mugungwa Sarimoni chikafu pamusoro herring, sprat, tsvina, herring uye crustaceans.
8. Tuna ndohwaJehovha mhuri Scombridae uye ndiyo hove chinokosha zvokutengeserana. Rinodya cephalopods, uye mamwe hove duku uye Squid uye shrimp.
9. Cod uye walleye regai zvakasiyana madyiro kubva kumusoro "navo."

Menu akwariyamu vanotama

Munguva akwariyamu ikoko fashoni muitiro kuronga simulation rakadzika gungwa. Kuti aite izvi, ari akwariyamu iri akashongedzwa korari, anemones uye votanga hove zvekumwe kubva mumakungwa uye nyanza. Tsvaga kodzero "kambani" asingazivi munhu angangotadza kukwanisa - nokuti vagere ekunyebera gungwa seri girazi vazhinji kuparadza mumwe nomumwe maererano maitiro zvokudya. Aggressive zvikara hove achagara kunovhima herbivores murunyararo - inofanira kufunga pakusarudza mavara "vagari" pamwe zvimbi. Pfungwa kunofanira rwakabhadharwa kuna chii hove yakakodzwa mugungwa. Most popular Mbeswa akwariyamu "Vashanyi mhiri kwemakungwa" - mumwe discus, Astronotus, PIRANHA, hove, lionfish, Apistogramma, Yellow.

Vagari rugare egungwa ari akwariyamu anogona kurarama chigure hove, zvipfupi gourami, angelfish, neon, nevana, tetras.

Kana ukasarudza kuronga kumba kwake pasi pemvura nyika, zvinokosha kuti tizive chii vagari vari yakakodzwa akwariyamu pamba - mugungwa kana gungwa. Zvikara kufanana Yellow Dine hozhwa uye crustaceans diki, uye haana averse kunovhima hove duku. Ramba navo uye nevamwe cichlids, uye Astronotus uye piranhas.

Asi algae - zviri chii anodya hove-chigure. Uyewo ruzhinji mamwe akwariyamu vagari murunyararo.

River hove vavhimi

Hove-kudya shiri, ndizvo ngozi zvikuru kwavari, zvisinei zvakavapoteredza. Mapapiro vavengi rwizi Representatives - ichi gulls-misoro dema, ndachena herons, Cranes, negora uye chena-tailed. Shiri idzi voracious anogona kuparadza akawandisa hove. Tinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo:

• Black misoro (rwizi /-vakananga dema yegungwa) - iri omnivorous, vachidya shiri nepereborchivaya diki saizi. Nokuda webbed netsoka dzakapfava Gaviota kushambira zvakakwana uye hove hove kubva pemvura kwavari hakuna kuoma.
• Gray herons uye Cranes - a shiri zvakarurama guru, izvo vanoda mhuka zvokudya chete. Hove kusvika 80% yavo kudya, dzasara 20% - nayo kuti matatya nemakonzo.
• Negora - rwizi makondo. Vari rwakaiswa pangozi. Negora - hove-kudya shiri uye chete nayo! Vanoronda kushandisa clawed netsoka dzakapfava, anokunda kubuda mumvura zvakatapwa. Negora - rakaipisisa muvengi rwizi vanogara zvisinei mhuka.
• White-tailed gondo, kufanana negora, akanyorwa muna Red Book. Zviri guru gondo, tichiverenga hove uye shiri duku. Uyewo mune chena-tailed gondo Muterere rinosanganisira hares, pasi squirrels, marmots, uye dzimwe nemakonzo. Havana havazvidzi zvakaora.

Mapapiro vavhimi Marine

Hove kuti kurarama mugungwa, vanosanganawo kubva chii chichava zvokudya shiri. Hwavo vari kushingaira vanokanganisa watch-gourmets vanoda sezvo cormorants, albatrosses, petrels, gulls. In hwokumusoro mumakungwa uye makungwa ose kuvhima hove PENGUIN.

1. Hove - zviri zvikuru seshiri guru kuti anodya capelin kwete chete, rehove pamunhu uye herring, asiwo clams. Meso izvi vavhimi makerubhi vane segirazi nictitating Kamudzira riri anyatsofukidzwa pasi mvura kana rudzi pasi pemvura magirazi. With ichi anatomical zviri cormorants zvakanaka kuona pechaabata pasi mvura mbiru.
2. Albatross - gungwa akapona. Pamusoro wayo upenyu mumwe munhu-gore 30 unopisa guru yakawanda hove uye dzemugungwa, Squid uye clams. Albatrosses anogona svetuka kusvika 15 metres zvakadzama, uye une zvikuru chaiyoiyo kunhuhwidza.
3. Puffin anotarira akafanana nenjiva, asi, kusiyana neyokupedzisira, rine yakakura uye webbed tsoka. Ichitanga shiri idzi upenyu makore 20-26. Power vane kwakafanana kuti albatrosses uye cormorants. Uyewo petrels kazhinji pamwe ngarava podedu chikafu tsvina.
4. Gulls - chete shiri vasina dzinongoitika vavengi. chikuru Zvokudya zvavo - ichi ndiko kunonyanya hove uye mollusks, tumbuyu, shiri duku uye mazai avo, crustaceans, zvakaora uye tsvina. Izvi manomano prilovchilis kuwana clams kubva kunyange yakasimba anoshongwa, anodonha navo kubva kumusoro.
5. Penguins - seshiri-connoisseurs. Ivo haazombovi hove wakaipa kana stale, sezvinoita seagulls kana petrels. Kudya kwavo kunofanira kuva chaizvo dzichangobva, inoitwa plankton, hove, krill, Squid uye cephalopods. Food mushoma PENGUIN, mitambo yomumvura kuti kudzika 20-70 mamita.

The dambudziko pamwe pamhenderekedzo

Mukuwedzera shiri uye hove anglers vavengi imhuka. Kudya hove mana makumbo marefu fauna of haana kutadza mukana vanakidzwe yaanofarira mundiro. Kunyanya yakawanda "vanoda Gourmet 'upenyu kurwizi. Chii mhuka kudya hove? Izvi muskrat, otter, shrew, muskrat. Uyewo, zviri zvikuru kwazvo mink uye kudya akawanda.