History of Christmas zvokutambisa Russia. Nhoroondo panowanikwa Christmas zvokutambisa vana

New Year - a-refu akamirirwa pazororo vakawanda, nguva dzose, gore negore, isu chinofadza nezvipo, afare uye matsva maonero. vakuru nevana vaviri rudo Mukuru, akazadzwa manotsi chiedza zvemashiripiti uye upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova chiitiko uye kutanga kugadzirira nokuti refu asati parinowanika.

On chitoro echiShinto kuonekwa inopenya Christmas balls, sirivha tinsel namaruva kumasuo. Uye mumusha ose uye akawanda nemasangano vanomhanya kuisa zvakanaka yakashongedzwa Christmas Tree.

All izvi yomutambo hunhu kare munodziziva kwatiri. Uye vanhu vashomanana kufunga pane nhoroondo matoyi New Year uye nei kwaiva tsika yokugadza nokushongedza zororo muti.

Kunobva: tsika kuti ashongedze Christmas muti

Pane ngano zhinji kuti nezvokutambudzika sei muti waigara uri girini aiva fanira chokufunga anodiwa chando zororo.

Modern katsika vashongedze muti weKirisimasi pamwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nechokuita zvakananga tsika dzechitendero.

Asi nhoroondo Christmas matoyi uye zvemaoresa muti waigara uri girini ane midzi, anobva asati kuwedzera kwechiKristu. tsika iyi dzakatangira vemazuva ano Europe.

madzinza dzechihedheni German vaintenda kuvapo nemweya yakaipa. Special simba masangano aya akatora manheru yechando inotonhora. Uye kuti afadze mweya, vanhu vokuGermany vakapinda muchisango vashongedze zvomusiperesi, izvo zvichipomerwa akararama masimba akaipa. Michero yakasiyana-siyana zvihwitsi, iyo kupa chiedza uremu huni, uye akava kumumvuri yazvino Christmas muti zvemaoresa. Ndizvo nhoroondo panowanikwa Christmas matoyi.

Gare gare, tsika akatakurwa pamusoro kupinda chitendero chechiKristu, asi vaipfeka zvakasiyana zvachose chechinyorwa.

Tsika Christmas muti uri Russia

History of Christmas matoyi akatanga muna Russia kubvira 1700, apo guru muvandudzi uye piyona Petro akauya kunyika kubva Europe, tsika akajeka muti weKirisimasi. In imba imwe neimwe kana muchivanze munguva yechando yava ikozvino kunge munhu Conifer.

"In guru panze, isu nemaune dzimba pamasuwo kuisa zvimwe zvemaoresa pamuti, namatavi nemipaini, spruce uye yomurara" - verenga chirevo, yakasainwa noruoko wokutanga All-Russian Emperor.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, tsika atora mudzi, uye nhoroondo matoyi Regore Idzva muna Russia atogamuchira pachake kukura kwayo.

magirazi chitoyi akaita kupi?

Kana isu nezvazvo matoyi ari ano Gore Idzva, nhoroondo chitarisiko chavo inotanga muGermany.

Kunyange asati atanga 1800s yaishandiswa sezvo zvishongo nzungu, michero, zvihwitsi, makeke. History of Christmas matoyi yaiva kwayo mucheche.

Gadzira regirazi Christmas matoyi kwakatanga duku muguta wokuGermany Lauscha. Pano yaiva imwe vachiridza wekare fekitari, hunokonzera magirazi, mbiya, vases, marozari uye nemimwe midziyo neimba.

Muna 1848 akanga akaita wokutanga girazi bhora - munhu kumumvuri yazvino Christmas muti matoyi. Uye gare gare, muna 1867, yakavhurwa Lauscha ano kuti nguva gasworks. With gasi glassmakers vaigona kuridza Balloons ane pfava vakanaka masvingo.

Saka vakatanga nhoroondo nokuumba Christmas girazi matoyi - yanhasi akakurumbira zvikuru Christmas muti zvemaoresa.

On munharaunda yedu nyika pazororo zvemaoresa vakatanga kubereka pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero chete panguva World War First. Klinskaya fekitari "Herringbone" kusunungurwa balls yokutanga, izvo zvino kuti kuwanikwa anenge ose musha.

Pre-echimurenga toyi

Fashion nokuti Christmas zvemaoresa akazviratidza Russia muzana remakore rechi19 apo Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Zvakanga rake zita chokuita nhoroondo panowanikwa Christmas matoyi munyika yedu. kokutanga akanga akapfeka Christmas muti inopenya Kushongedzwa akaita zvakananga nechinangwa ichi, sezvo chakaitwa muna Europe.

Glass matoyi aiwanika panguva, vagari dzakapfuma chete. Vanhuwo akajeka ari Christmas muti pamwe kugadzirwa zvinoreva - nzungu, rwokugadzira zvakaitwa namatanda.

In pre-echimurenga Russia zvakanga zvakakurumbira Christmas matoyi guru bepa - anonzi Dresde makadhibhokisi. Vaiva unorema chigadzirwa, ari sezvikamu zviviri glued makadhibhokisi mavara.

Vashongedze kushandiswa sezvo matoyi nedonje: vatumwa Zvidhori, vana, vafambisi - aine simbi pepuranga mukati.

Glass uye porcelain balls vaitenga panguva iyoyo muRussia achinyanya kubva kuGermany. Vaiva akasiyana ano - yakagadzirwa gobvu magirazi uye vakayera zvikuru zvenguva kwatiri zvishongo.

Soviet Christmas muti toyi

Misha mizhinji iri New Year pamwe mabhokisi zvishongo anogona kuwanikwa zvibereko kugadzirwa weSoviet. Inonyanya kufarirwa shanduro iyi vakanga mavara icicles, mapurasitiki nemagirazi michero uye miriwo, zviyo iri pamuguri sechinhu kakasaririra of Khrushchev yaitonga.

History of Christmas matoyi muSoviet nguva iri chokuita dzematongerwe nguva. Kushongedzwa nguva ino chete Portraits yevatungamiriri Category pfungwa vanokosheswa panguva zvenhaka vatengesi haidereri kupfuura balls, ane zera riri makore anopfuura zana.

Pashure pokuchinja, uye kwenguva yakareba kuti ashongedze Christmas muti zvairambidzwa. Izvi kwainzi mutero tsika dzokuMadokero, dzechitendero uye zvaisambobvumirwa.

Kugadzirwa Christmas zvemaoresa pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero kwakatanga mushure 1935, apo chirevo Presidium of Christmas muti yakanga pamutemo vakadzokera kudzimba vagari Soviet Union sezvo vaitamba mutambo chishongedzo.

Hapana aigona kuumba yomutambo, mashiripiti mhepo sezvo Negima muti yakashongedzwa siyana Iridescent matoyi. Wokutanga Soviet New Year kupemberera rakaitirwa 1937 Mumba Unions.

Kazhinji panguva ino nguva inoshandiswa zvemaoresa mukaravhani matoyi akaita mapepa, makadhibhokisi, paperi-mache maché.

Zvisinei, mukupera 1930s - mangwanani 1940s, avo maindasitiri kugadzirwa rakatanga kukura, uye kunyange mumakore akaoma Hondo Yenyika II haana kurega. matoyi Gore Idzva zvakaitwa kubva siyana tsvina: waya, zvokurapa mabhandeji, donje shinda.

Sezvo kuuya simba munguva Khrushchev kuti nyungudika muna Christmas zvishongo zvakanga ndoda anoparadzirwa. Asi ikozvino anotanga kubudisa matoyi neimba nyaya zvokurima. On Gore Idzva mbava-miti inogona kuonekwa makerotsi, magaka, zviyo iri pamuguri, samovars uye majombo. Panguva iyi, takatanga kuberekwa, izvo zvava mukurumbira Christmas zvekutambisa - icicles.

History of Christmas matoyi vana muSoviet nguva, kwakasimbiswa kwazvo kushingaira. Panguva ino, unoita zvishongo zhinji muchimiro magamba rengano: Humpbacked Horse, Red akatasva Washington, mhuka zvisingaoneki shoma uye attics yakashongedzwa Christmas muti uri dzinenge musha ose Soviet.

Post-Soviet muti toyi

Pashure pokuwa USSR munhoroondo matoyi Krisimasi akagamuchira itsva kumativi okukura. Zvinhu vakatanga kumanikidza kuti mumhuri zvigadzirwa kumusika. Zvino zvakawanda pamusoro New Year kuti mbava nemiti unogona kuona balls mavara uye pasikweya wokumwe kugadzirwa.

Glass matoyi akatanga rirasikirwe kwayo nokuda mubhadharo. Vakatsiviwa inoshanda zvikuru uye isingadhuri zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa epurasitiki uye acrylic.

Kuma1990 matoyi Themed mumhuri kugadzirwa raiva yekudyidzana zvishoma. Paiva mufashoni zvenyeredzi, uye kazhinji zvakachengetwa angawanikwa akajeka pamwe mapepa, mifananidzo mhuka, vatambi gore rinouya.

Mukutanga 2000s, kwakauya mufashoni minimalism, uye, kuwedzera, European hwokuzvinyima maitiro inoonekwa mune Christmas matoyi.

Nhasi, sezvo vakadaro, fashoni nenhumbi nokuti New Year haako. Kana Christmas muti kushongedzwa kakawanda hunodzorwa anonyanya kunopindirana Kugadzira muna menyika uyewo vayo kuravira zvavanosarudza.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro matoyi Gore Idzva

• Munguva World War I akaisa Christmas muti airambidzwa: tsika dzaiva nechokuita netsika German; Naizvozvo, akapa zvematongerwo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye nyika takawanda, tsika hwokugadza Christmas muti pamusoro nguva yakarasikirwa kushanda kwayo.
• Hazvina kuziva kuti pamwe veMubatanidzwa simba Soviet, munguva vakawanda Reformation muRussia kuisa pamba muti weKirisimasi nokushongedza nayo nematoyi haana anodiwa; ichi chizenga kunoonekwa sechinhu "kakasaririra kwechitendero", izvo haana kufanira kupinda zvinonyatsorehwa pfungwa kuvaka munyika utongi, wasunungurwa Christian dzidziso.
• Nhoroondo panowanikwa Christmas matoyi vana kunokonzeresa chokuita upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova kutaurwa: vacho mabasa Pushkin nokuda vana vakanga dziri zvifananidzo Christmas matoyi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19.

Popular magadzirirwo nzira nokuda Christmas miti

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira sarudzo nokuti Christmas miti zvakagadzirwa chinhu kushongedzwa matoyi ari wemishonga maviri mavara: zvitema uye sirivha, zvitsvuku uye nendarama, chena uye zvitema. Nokuti nzira dzakadaro anoshandiswa hwakasimba-ruvara balls. Unogona kushandisa matoyi ari muchimiro uta kana makenduru.

Zvisinei, yakasimba-ruvara magadzirirwo nzira dziri zvishoma nezvishoma rinooma panzvimbo yechipiri, displacing zvishongo nemavara. The fashoni iri eclectic, tichibatanidza zvitaera siyana uye textures.

Mvura uye tinsel, yakakurumbira Soviet uye post-Soviet nguva, nhasi akarasikirwa kushanda kwayo. A zvakafanana musiyano - Christmas muti kushongedzwa pamwe marozari uye balls imwe nemanyorero.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvenzara dzinoitwa zviri kuitikawo matoyi Gore Idzva nemaoko avo pachavo. The kuitika - Christmas muti kushongedzwa siyana zvihwitsi Cookies dzapachivara kuri pachimedu makeke.

Vanoda noushamwari uye unodziya mune manotsi kuti akagadzira mukati mhinduro vachaonga matoyi dzakagadzirwa akanzwa.

Chii matoyi Gore Idzva here?

Matoyi ano siyana chaizvo uye kakawanda musatakura chero zvaanoreva. Huge kusarudzwa maumbirwo uye mavara zvinofadza meso uye zvinoita kuti pave wakajeka sezvamunoita.

Zvisinei, pakutanga chitoyi ose akatakura mufananidzo, zvimwe ukama chiKristu.

Matoyi Gore Idzva dzinomirira:

• makenduru - chiedza chomudzimu, chibayiro chaKristu;
• balls - kwaAdhamu Apple;
• michero uye miriwo - ibereke mugore rinouya;
• bhero - sedumwa kuti kunodzivirira murima mauto uye zvomunyama;
• zvakaumbwa makeke Cookies - chisina kuviriswa zvinoshandiswa paKudya kwaShe Kwemanheru;
• nyeredzi pamusoro Christmas miti - nenyeredzi muBheterehema, Magi kuti kutaridzwa nzira Jesu achangozvarwa.

nemuteresi kuti zvinhu

Nhasi, Christmas muti zvemaoresa - haasi chete nenhumbi kuti inoshandiswa kugadzira Idzva Year muti. Vamwe matoyi vari oga uye inoitwa mune rimwe bhuku.

zvishongo Ava mari yakawanda uye ndiwo aichochorwa uye nokuchiva vateresi vazhinji.

Inokosha akagadzirwa dzakatetepa negirazi rinoonekera matoyi, mumaoko-kupendwa. Vanotarisa ndarama chaizvo uye kwezvokufuka uye akakodzera kwete chete nokuda akajeka ari Christmas muti, asi uyewo yomutambo zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa.

Zvinonzi vakawanda vava tsika kupa Christmas muti zvinodhura nezvishongo sechipo nokuda New Year. Matoyi aya achaita shongedza chero muti uye akava kuzvikudza undisputed ari muridzi.