Hasha zvinhu: hunhu, kushanda

Vanhu ave achiziva abrasives vakawanda zvemakore. Vanhu vaishandisa matombo uye jecha kuumba uye yokurodza mapanga, mapfumo uye arrowheads uye chinenge chasara nezvirauro. Chokutanga kwaiva hasha sandstone, umo basa yezviri chirungiso vakaridza duku remakungwa Goldstone. Kusvikira kuwanikwa nzira processing ichi acho hasha simbi kwakatungamirira zvichiita kukura yose vanhu, sezvo vanhu ipapo chero imwe nzira kuti maturusi vose basa uye nezvombo.

Chii kubvira nemaonero panyama,

Yemanyorero abrasives muri zvicherwa zvakaoma, izvo iri yokumusoro kumucheto Mohs kutambudzwa pokuoma - kubva Goldstone kusvika nedhaimani. Asi kunyange nyoro zvinhu zvinogona kuita basa iri. Sechipanji, kubika pasoda uye muchero Makomba vanogona vane chikonzero chakanaka kushevedza abrasives. Navo tinosangana zuva nezuva, uye avo kukosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kukuru.

Mune dzimwe pezvakaitwa, vanogona kushandiswa?

Hasha zvinhu anowanzodanwa saka kwete nokuda kwoutano ayo zvivako, uye nokuda hunhu kushandiswa. Pane zvidzidzo vanoverengeka pezvakaitwa dzakadaro. Kunyanya sandblasting muchina soro nhamba nezvinhu angashandiswa, izvo pasi zvakajairika ezvinhu asina akaratidza vane hasha ehupfumi. zvokushandisa ichi anoshandisa simba mhepo murukova kana mvura, uchifamba umo ari kumhanya duku tudonhwe zvimwe yeimwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rimwe pajira riya hasha, anoridza basa Sefa-Chopper.

Sandblasting michina inoshandiswa makorari uye kokupedzisira Kupedzwa zvikamu uye apera zvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kutora chero hasha zvinhu kubva goko kuti nzungu uye mbeu Horticultural zvirimwa, anoshongwa pamusoro mollusks nezvimwe makemikari nyaya duku zvidimbu simbi, gang, girazi kana kubika chingwa pasoda.

chikuru zvinoriumba

Silica jecha ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa kuti hasha nenyunje mabhiriji nezvimwewo simbi ezvirevo. Saka pane inoshanda chaizvo kurapwa pamusoro ngura, izvo yekudyidzana anovandudza mukurumari engineering zvivako. Izvi zvinoda refu arambe achirema abrasives. Kazhinji, mabatiro nesimbi zvivako inosanganisira kushandiswa compressed mhepo. Iye kuridza basa rimwe PARTICIPLE akisarareta uye hakuna mamwe kungatikanganisa migumisiro.

Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, rinogona kushandiswa, uye mvura. Akanyanya kana kuchenesa kongiri hurongwa. Zvinenge zvose zvivako avaka mapazi ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno, nguva nenguva vanoda. Chokwadi chokuti pose kwavo kunowedzera nguva gobvu rukoko yomunyu nezvimwe kungatikanganisa yeimwe. mvura yakachena, izvo kare Wakawedzerwa yakakodzera zvinhu (hasha) kwete chete anobvisa navo kongiri, asi unoberekawo "desalting". Zvakare, chiito ichi yekudyidzana kunowedzera upenyu zvivako mabasa.

Makorari rakapera zvinogadzirwa

Makorari - ndicho chinonyanya kukosha kwacho umo abrasives kwokudiwa zvikuru rwakafara. Kazhinji, kuunza kukukwana apedza zvinhu kana zvimwe zvinoumba vachishandisa anokosha namatidza kana nyoro nemavhiri, uye muto yakavakirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. It anorayira kunyange nyore hasha chipanji. Cerium oxide, nedhaimani, silica, simbi oxide uye chromium oxide - yeimwe izvo inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa nhasi.

Novakulit (gobvu siliceous matombo) - Uyewo yakanaka mbishi zvinhu nokuda makorari zvinhu. Cerium oxide ndicho zvakawanda chicherwa inoshandiswa makorari rinoonekera. Nezvenyaya iyi haina muvare, asi achiposa kumeso uye chivheneke. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, Karbid Kremniya uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa mangoda iyi kuwedzera kushandiswa. Kubva kwavari, payo vakaita zvikuru zvinodhura uye vakarongeka hasha bhandi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa chaizvo unonyatsokodzera pakurapa zvinhu zvikuru "capricious".

Kushandiswa rinobva minda

Mumakore achangopfuura, vakawanda chaizvo vari indasitiri vari kutanga kudzidzira muitiro hasha nokugeda. Kuti aite izvi, regai kushandisa mvura pressurized kana compressed mhepo: tuduku hasha nezvimedu akayangarara mune simba remagineti, iyo inowanikwa iri "grindstone". Nzira iyi rinoshandiswa zvakarurama engineering, sezvo rinogona kushandiswa rodzai uye nenzira isingaoneki achitovabatsira kunatsiridza mashoko, izvo aizongova kuva kudhura kune dzifunge uye / kana kuti kwenguva refu. Sezvo hasha anowanzodanwa kushandiswa aruminiyamu remubatanidzwa pamwe simbi izvo vane pfuma iyi.

Magnetorheological makorari unyanzvi

Kana rheological makorari nzira "panyama" hasha mudziyo haina kushandiswa. Zvinhu zviri hwakakanyiwa mvura dzavakasiyana mukobvu kufamba pasi pokudzora minda yemagetsi. Nzira Izvi zvakafanana dzakawanda kuremekedza kuti zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri kushandiswa pakurapa mamwe zvikamu zvakarurama engineering maindasitiri zvakafanana.

Kazhinji, mumakore achangopfuura pakuburitswa vari kuramba kutanga kushandisa abrasives, pre-hwakakanyiwa mvura kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. Muenzaniso wakanaka - GOI wetted hasha namatidza yakavakirwa chromium oxide. Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa, asi chete mumakore achangopfuura nayo kubhadhara vainyatsotarisirwa. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena - yakaderera mari remubatanidzwa ichi uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda kwayo panguva makorari. Uyewo, nounyoro hasha namatidza mabasa ari mashoko kubatwa, pasina scratching kana usachikanganisa.

Kukuya mavhiri nokuti angled grinders ( "vokuBulgaria")

Kushandiswa kwete chete nokuda makorari. Abrasives vanogona kubviswa zvikurukuru zvokuvakisa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, dzakaonda hasha mavhiri dzinoitwa pahwaro aruminiyamu oxide uye phenolic Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko, simbi kukuya vhiri. munowanika inokosha zvikurukuru mune dzokubudisa yemabhura yamabwe. Chokwadi kuti chicherwa ichi gobvu chaizvo, taita kuti kwakajairika Kucheka emagetsi.

Sezvataona kare ambotaurwa, rinoshandiswa nokuti kutema aruminiyamu oxide, Karbid Kremniya, chakaita zvokugadzirwa nedhaimani uye Boron carbide. Ava, ngaakuyire vhiri inogona kuitwa, kusanganisira chimiro rinokosha dzawaona chipasa, nokuti mukuru-simba zvinhu.

Huru zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa indasitiri

Saka, yeimwe izvi zvaida kuti wakarodzwa, makorari, achicheka zvinhu. Modern indasitiri kazhinji anoshandisa hasha mudziyo kubata mavambo. Chikonzero ichi - vade mari muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari. sezvingatarisirwa kuitika yeimwe vari zvikuru anodhura. Pakati pavo kakawanda kuonana akati aruminiyamu oxide uye Karbid Kremniya, zirconia uye vanonzi superabrasives (nedhaimani kana Boron nitride).

Anosiyiwa hadziwanzowaniki uye Anonyanyowanika hunomiririrwa corundum. Ndiye inodhura kwazvo, uye kushandiswa kwayo pagadzirwe ane zvakakwana shoma. In chinotokurudzira zvikuru kashoma kushandiswa dzinongoitika mangoda kukodzera kuti makorari nokuda zvikuru duku kukura, kana STRUCTURAL kuremara.

Kushanduka maindasitiri abrasives

Nhoroondo maindasitiri abrasives kuti kukuya mavhiri vakatanga dzinongoitika zvicherwa - Goldstone nesilicon, uyewo corundum. Ndicho ekupedzisira, nenzira, kokutanga uye pakuzivikanwa se "Emery". Rakanga muzariro rokutanga hasha. Kurambirwa dzinongoitika zvicherwa vakatanga yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye akanga opera pakazopera kwayo. The apa yaiva kudhura dzinongoitika zvinhu kwete chete. Chokwadi kuti vose vane nzvimbo yakajeka kuti achinje haana kubuda. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa abrasives Panewo pasi zvimwe zvinhu, anogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru uye nani akakodzera kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinetso kujairika.

Somuenzaniso, achishandisa michina mitsva inogona akasika remubatanidzwa aine PARTICIPLE chimiro chakatodzana uchigara. zvinhu kwakadaro rakanakira chikumbiro kuna pechiso makorari mavhiri. Uyezve, zvinoita kuti pave zvokuvakisa zvachose itsva, kupfurikidza tichibatanidza Somuenzaniso, titanium oxide pamwe aruminiyamu yeimwe. abrasives ava rakanakira pakurapa kunyanya dzakaoma hukawanika.

Kana paiva "hasha budiriro" iri indasitiri?

Modern Kugadzirwa abrasives, kusanganisira kusunungurwa kukuya mavhiri uye Emery matehwe, zvakaoma kutsanangura nokuda kurema trademarks uye patents, izvo kazhinji kacho anorondedzera imwe chigadzirwa. The kiyi kurwisana kwakadaro rakanaka - nekuti duku kusiyana makemikari anoumba anogona kunyora mutsva muchiso mufananidzo. Asi chii chinoita kuti chakaita zvokugadzirwa abrasives, uye kana indasitiri aiva nomukana vakawanda vavo kushandisa?

Chaizvoizvo chinokosha chiitiko chaiva hwomukova nesilicon carbide - munhu chicherwa, kwete kuwanikwa zvakasikwa. Kutanga chakaita zvokugadzirwa alumina muna 1890 chete kwakamutsa mavambo tsvakurudzo munharaunda iyi. Pakazopera 1920 chakaita zvokugadzirwa aruminiyamu oxide, Karbid Kremniya, Garnet uye Emery machechi maindasitiri abrasives.

Asi budiriro chaiyo vakauya muna 1938. It akazobereka Zvinobvira kubereka alumina mishonga yakaisvonaka, iyo pakarepo kuwanikwa paupamhi kushanda mune zvokuimba mapurani. Pasina nguva akava pachena kuti musanganiswa zirconia uye alumina rakanakira kunzwisisa mabasa nokuveza kwazvo simbi mamakisi. It zvechokwadi rakasiyana hasha upfu: nayo anoramba mukuru kunyatsoshanda, asi zvingava zvakachipa. Nhasi chanza husawedzera zvose chakaita zvokugadzirwa alumina, kuchengetedza chepakutanga bauxite microcrystalline Urongwa pokutangira zvinhu. Akanyanya saka nemamwe Cubitron ™ akasikwa, uyewo abrasives kwakavakirwa Ceramics pasi SolGel ™ muchiso.

On "yakanakisisa shamwari vomusikana" ari

Natural nedhaimani - mukuru hasha ibwe. Akava rakakurumbira 1930s. Tom zvakanaka nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga, pamberi mavhoriyamu wedhaimondi kugadzirwa raiva kunyora nezvavo uye utano vaisagona kufukidza kukura zvinodiwa indasitiri. Chechipiri, maererano kusachengeteka kukuru pfungwa nezvedambudziko hondo, nyika dzakawanda akatanga nokukurumidza kutsvaka nzira ironge tungsten carbide achibatsirwa michina. fuma iri richiri kushandiswa pakugadzira cores ose armor- kuboora projectiles.

Dambudziko rave sezvisingashandi kwekuoma emashoko abrasion chete haana kutora. Imwe ongororo iri Kuma1960 kubudikidza General Electric, zvakakonzera kwaita chakaita zvokugadzirwa mangoda. Pakupedzisira tsvakurudza munharaunda iyi inoenda pakuvhurwa cubic Boron nitride, CBN. remubatanidzwa ichi, kuva kwekuoma nedhaimani, iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa dzimwe abrasives, sezvo inogona chinenge milled kupinda zvakaoma simbi kugiredhi guruva.

Zvechokwadi, vose abrasives izvi, kuwedzera ose ayo zvivako zvinoshamisa, vane mumwe drawback guru - mutengo. A Kunze kuchangobva iri hasha Abral, synthesized European hanya Pechiney. kambani iyi dziridza "diamond chinotsiva", izvo, muduku zvishoma kwavari noukukutu zvinooneka kunoita iri mutengo nomutsa.

Asi kwete bedzi abrasives indasitiri vakatamira mberi. Great kukosha zvakashandiswa sehwaro kushanda kwavo. Zvikurukuru kana akasikwa Bakelite, mukana kubereka zvakawanda chiedza, asi vafuke nokugeda mavhiri. Vanogeda zvakaenzana uye abrasives nani vakagovera avo vhoriyamu dzakawanda. Inopa yekudyidzana nani unhu zvinhu kugadzira.

Emery jira

Emery jira akashandiswa nechigadziko, chakagadzirwa uye zviwanikwa akamendwa mafirimu, uye kunyange pachena bepa, jira-yanyatsosimba fibers. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "nazhdachku" rakagadzirirwa kupfurikidza impregnating chigadzikiso kwakavakirwa phenolic Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti kana mvura (pamwe kuwedzera abrasives Chokwadi) jira. Rinogonawo kuwanikwa hasha chipanji. munowanika vari kuzivikanwa kuti anenge munhu wose, tatarisana navo nguva dzose uye zuva nezuva.

Tava akatsanangura zvikumbiro zvakawanda izvi zvinhu. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti vazhinji vavo havana kutarisana paavhareji murume ari mumugwagwa zvachose muupenyu hwavo. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakawanda kuziva arodzwe mabwe, zvimiti kana chete sandpaper, mumwe aishandisa pajira riya hasha. Asi vanhu vashoma chaizvo kuziva chaizvo siyana zvinhu zvinoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, mabheyaringi Vagadziri yepamusoro mapanga kana superhard simbi mamakisi. Ekupedzisira, sezvinei, musha yokurodza dzinenge shamisa. "Sharpener" nokuti vanoda zvikuru.

Nokuti vamwe mabasa anokodzera mumwe kana mumwe hasha?

Nokuti nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvaidiwa superabrasive, zvatakakutadzirai kare muchidimbu pamusoro apa. Vanewo dzaitaurwa muchimiro dzematehwe Emery, hasha brushes, disks uye madenderedzwa. Saka, simbi vagadziri vari alumina nesilicon carbide kweShanduro mureza-mugiredhi mashizha. Misa Kugadzirwa uyewo kazhinji zvinoda vakwanise kushandisa sandblasting michina: Stainless simbi, bhora mabheyaringi kumusunungura uye vakawanda kubudiswa kunyanya hardwood. Zvisinei, kazhinji, vagadziri takavimbika "zvakanaka kare" alumina. upfu ichi hasha husingakoshi, asi zviri chaizvo.

Pamugumo

Abrasives, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nezvaanoita pagadzirwe zvinenge zvinhu zvose vanhu vanotarisana zuva nezuva. Zvikurukuru, pasina ivo zvisingabviri kusika zvivako anodized aruminiyamu, izvo zvinofarirwa kudaro mafeni kuti "womuapuro" zvigadzirwa. Usakanganwa kuti nyore vachikuya ibwe "grinders" kana kunyange zvake sandpaper - zvibereko zvakawanda Zvizvarwa masayendisiti navapfuri vesimbi kuunganidza uye kuronga zivo yavo kwemakore.

Companies runobereka nekuve abrasives, nokuikuya mavhiri uye sandpaper, kushandisa yokungotaura ruzivo, izvo varipo akawanda chokuita maindasitiri. Vanotungamirirwa humboo vakawana kudzidza Ceramics, vari kwazara vakashandisa kemisitiri, wefizikisi uye simbi. Abrasives anoramba anobatsira - vari chinokosha ano kugadzirwa kutenderera akaitwa zhinji.