Gwirikwiti utachiwana. Zviratidzo, zviratidzo uye nemigumisiro chirwere

Munguva ichangopfuura, vanachiremba vakatanga kufunga, kuti nokukurumidza tichakwanisa kukunda gwirikwiti - utachiona kuti tinazvo mhedziso susceptibility, mazana mazhinji emakore akakonzera denda uye ndivo kukonzera rufu muvana vaduku. The World Health Organization akagona kuderedza kufa nezvirwere izvi nguva makumi maviri uye akanga aronga muna 2020 kubvisa zvachose mukana wokutapukirwa akawanda mumatunhu rinoteerera.

Asi vanhu haasi kutsvaka nyore nzira. Kwakapararira mufashoni vanaamai vechiduku kusiya kubaya, kukwidziridzwa pamusoro zvekufungidzira ngozi nzira iyi uye kungoti ratyama mafungiro vabereki vaduku kudzivirira vana vavo, kushaya mari mahara majekiseni kubva hurumende dzakawanda - izvi zvose kuparadza utano uye upenyu vana nevakuru pose.

Chii gwirikwiti

chirwere ichi rave richizivikanwa kubvira munguva dzekare. Nechekare muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe zvakanzi akaanyora rondedzero kurapwa chirwere chacho. Asi kusvikira remakore rechi20 kuti chinoita gwirikwiti - utachiona kana utachiona, hapana aiziva. D. Goldberger uye A. Anderson muna 1911 vakakwanisa kuratidza kuti hosha iri kukonzerwa noutachiona, uye kare muna 1954, T. D. Enders uye Peebles woman RNA utachiwana, inova rinokosha basa rinosvika kukura 120230 nm pamwe ndezvaiye mhuri paramyxoviruses.

Ko sei

The gwirikwiti utachiwana ane inenge 100 muzana chinotapukira. Munhu asina kutapata kuti chirwere (iyo haina kare nhomba uye haruna) ane anongoda hapana mukana kwete kubata iri chiitiko kunyorerana murwere.

Chirwere kubva munhu anorwara kubudikidza kwezvakatipoteredza akagashidzwa kumativi ose. Sick kubvira okupedzisira incubation nguva (mazuva maviri asati mapundu) uye allocates mazuva mana akatevera panguva kufema, vangakosora, sneezing (kuenda neherikoputa) gwirikwiti utachiwana. Uyezve, achishandisa nasal mucous masero ari kufema turakiti uye inopinda muropa uye inokanganisa mashoko node nodes, capillaries ropa (chena muropa masero). The mapundu hunoratidzika pamusana unooma masero rirambe richibvira. Next, kukudziridza urwere pakati immunodeficiency chesekondari, uyewo zvechienzi kwemabhakitiriya matambudziko.

Tinofanira kuziva, kuti mutumwa gwirikwiti utachiona havagoni kurarama kwenguva pachena mhepo, zvinhu uye nguo. Kunyange zvazvo pane akashuma zviitiko chirwere kubudikidza kufefetedza hurongwa. It anofa ambient tembiricha Paavhareji pashure pemaawa maviri nemaminitsi matatu, zvachose anorasikirwa kukwanisa kukanganisa. Pakarepo utachiwana anourayiwa kana vachibatwa UV nemwaranzi uye yakakwirira tembiricha. Naizvozvo, panguva denda hazvina zvakakodzera kuti disinfect yacho ichigara.

Ndiani anogona kuwana uye kana

The chikuru vanobatwa gwirikwiti muri vana vaduku pakati pemakore maviri uye makore mashanu. Uyewo kuwedzera pakunamata zviitiko kuyaruka vane makore makore 15-17.

Vakuru utachiwana gwirikwiti vari vashoma zvikuru. Asi Ungangove, izvi imhaka yokuti vakura kakawanda vanotova hauchatamburi kubaya kana zvirwere kare.

Re vachirwara gwirikwiti zvisingabviri. Zvinonzi nyaya chingarangarirwa sechinoitika yakakanganiswa chirwere panguva chirwere pakutanga kana kutyorwa kwakakomba masoja dzevanhu gadziriro.

MuRussia, chikuru nhamba nyaya vakachengeta muchirimo uye chando, kubva mukupera November kusvika May, pamwe zvikamu ose maviri makore mana.

Vanogona mwana anorwara

Vachangoberekwa panguva mitatu yokutanga muupenyu vane kutapata zvechigarire akakweretwa kubva mai, kana iye akanga achirwara pamberi. Kutapata mu vana vevanaamai havana kurwara uye vasina nhomba, pane, uye vanogona kurwara. Zvinogonekawo kusvibiswa mwana pakusununguka panguva yake raamai kurwara.

incubation nguva

Kufanana zvirwere, nguva incubation mumuviri uye armature. Utachiona hakuiti unooneka kunze mukati memazuva 7-17. Panguva ino, kutanga 3 zuva incubation nguva, chete kuburikidza hwakadzama kuongorora zvinogona kuwanikwa chirwatata, tonsils, node nodes, hwokufananidzira guru multinucleated masero. Kuratidzwa Zviratidzo nechokunze chete pashure kubereka kweutachiwana iri node nodes uye kuwana nayo muropa.

Gwirikwiti utachiwana: Zviratidzo

• mumwe tembiricha unopinza kusimuka kusvika 38-40,5 dhigirii;
• chikosoro yakaoma;
• photophobia;
• kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• siplost kana hoarseness nenzwi;
• havachanyatsogoni kuziva, delirium;
• mhirizhonga munyika bowel tsika;
• mucosal edema of kufema turakiti;
• conjunctivitis zviratidzo: kuzvimba namafungiro, akatsvuka kumativi meso;
• pakuonekwa tsvuku makwapa muromo - iri mukanwa, yomukati pechiso pamatama;
• pazuva hosha iri nemumuromo mucosa rechipiri ngavauye mavara duku chena;
• chaizvo upundu ikaonekwa rechina-reshanu, kuti tsika yayo chitarisiko kumeso uye mutsipa, shure hura, ipapo mumuviri uye anokotama kuti maoko, makumbo, minwe, yemichindwe uye tsoka.

Gwirikwiti okusafunga - chaiwo papules takapoteredzwa ruvara uye ane tsika batanidza (ndiro anoratidza kubva rubella, apo mapundu haana pfuma kubatanidza). Mushure zuva rechina mapundu, kana utachiona yakurirwa, kuti mapundu zvishoma nezvishoma kuparara: rima, pigmented, anotanga peel they and and kure. Hyperpigmented nzvimbo ine mapundu tichagara imwe vhiki 1-2.

Gwirikwiti muvana

Mumwe rakajairika uye ngozi zvikuru zvirwere pauduku - gwirikwiti iri. Utachiona kazhinji inokanganisa vana kuenda kukireshi uye mangwanani chikoro zera.

Tisati muRussia isu akamisa kugadzirwa yokudzivirira uye akatanga vakasununguka kudzivisa purogiramu utachiona ichi uye matambudziko ayo vakafa Paavhareji chimwe muna vana. Nhasi, majekiseni muri vana vose pfupi utano gore rimwe uye makore matanhatu (maererano National majekiseni anodzivirira papurogiramu). Kana mwana haana nhomba, ngozi kuenda kunosangana mutakuri chirwere rinosvika zana muzana. Batanidza vana kana regai kurwara, kana vanotambura chirwere chaizvo nyore.

Incubation Period munhu utachiona mwana dzingasiyana uye paavhareji kubva 10 kusvika 15 mazuva. Panguva ino, hapana zviratidzo chirwere asipo, asi mazuva maviri asati kunotoda nokuratidzwa mwana achava chinotapukira vamwe.

Kakawanda, vana vanotambura zvikuru. Chokutanga, pane zvatinosiita zviratidzo chakasimba kufema kutapukirwa noutachiona (Ari):

• tembiricha 38-40 madhigirii;
• simba chikosoro yakaoma;
• runny mhino;
• simba;
• kushaya havi;
• hope dzakaipa.

3-5-zuva kurwara anotanga kuoneka mapundu - duku blue, kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe nomumwe makwapa. In vana, izvozvo kunoitika nokukurumidza uye anopararira yose muviri. Panguva iyo mapundu rinowanika, tembiricha mushure kuvandudzika anoita zvinoonekwa angatanga kumuka zvakare.

In vana vaviri mashanu apfuura, gwirikwiti iri kunyanya ngozi. muviri ichangotangwa mwana wacho zvishoma nezvishoma kutsungirira utachiona, uye nokuda vakabatana zvinokonzerwa noutachiona kazhinji kuva nemamwe matambudziko:

• nzeve noutachiona;
• Árbol nemabayo;
• upofu;
• encephalitis;
• kuzvimba akasimba node nodes;
• laryngitis.

Imhaka yematambudziko izvi ndizvo zvakakosha kuratidza mwana kwachiremba nenguva uye kudzora chirwere. Kuomesa kazhinji vanotanga kuonekwa mushure mechinguva mwanayo aenda nani.

Gwirikwiti mu Adults

Gwirikwiti nedzevakuru - isingawanzowanikwi chirwere. Asi kana ari munhu ari kare noutachiona, haana kudzivisa zvinetso. Vakuru vanorwara pashure pemakore 20 rakaoma uye refu. The chenjera chokutambudzika chirwere hunogona kugara vhiki maviri. Most kazhinji chirwere hunokonzera siyana yematambudziko, uyewo mukuru ndingangokuvara dzokuwedzera noutachiona.

Mhando yematambudziko nedzevakuru:

• kwemabhakitiriya nemabayo;
• Gwirikwiti nemabayo;
• otitis nhau;
• tracheobronchitis;
• Zvirwere nechepakati tsinga;
• laryngitis;
• zviyo (laryngeal stenosis);
• chiropa;
• lymphadenitis (kuzvimba node nodes);
• kuzvimba meninges - meningoencephalitis (40% izvo zvinouraya chirwere).

Saka, tinonzwisisa kuti gwirikwiti utachiona iyo, sezvo vakawanda, ndiyo ngozi chete vana, kunogona kukonzera kurwara mune vakuru uye kunyange kukonzera kuremara kana rufu.

Gwirikwiti ari pamuviri

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti chirwere chinokonzera matambudziko akawanda kudaro havagoni nyore dzinoyerera vakadzi vane pamuviri. Asi chikuru chiitiko pamuviri zvingangoguma matambudziko ari mwana. Uye kwete pasina.

Gwirikwiti ndiyo nengozi kuti mudumbu, rezasi kusvikira gestational zera. Mune wokutanga trimester vakadzi vane nehosha zvichida kuitika 20% vaingoerekana zvinoguma nokupfupfudzika, kana kuti, zvakatoipa, chirwere kuchaita kuti zvakakomba fetus malformation (retardation mupfungwa, tsinga, etc ..). Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kuona zvikanganiso pakutanga fetus Ultrasound uye kunyange pakutanga kuongorora hazvitomboiti, uye vakadzi kazhinji vanopa pamuviri.

Kana mukadzi ane pamuviri akarwara pashure nemitanhatu vhiki, kuti fungidziro zvakawanda zvinonyaradza. On ichi izwi placenta yave yakura zvakakwana kudzivirira zvakazara fetus kubva raamai urwere, saka mukana matambudziko ari mwana asati aberekwa zvikuru pasi.

The ngozi rinowanika zvakare, kana Amai vakarwara chete asati aberekwa. Kwete chete kuti kuzvara Zvinongoreva haangavi simba zvakakwana nokuda utachiona, uye njodzi yekutapurira mwana panguva ndima kubudikidza nokuberekwa Canal chaizvo. Chokwadi, n'anga vava zvose zvokurarama kuponesa mwana wacho upenyu uye nokumutswa, uye simba inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Uye Ungangove, mwana achakwanisa kurapa. Asi nei kutora ngozi kana pane nzira kuti azvidzivirire uye mwana pachine? Aedzwe kuti antibodies kuna gwirikwiti utachiwana inodikanwa mukadzi mumwe nomumwe pamberi pamuviri kuronga. Pashure pezvose, kana tava kutarisira utano hwako uye kuti nhomba pamusoro nguva, zvichida kuti kurwara panguva yepamuviri haangavi nyore.

nzira nechirwere

Kakawanda, nechirwere pazvikanganiso kurapwa Data pashure pakuonekwa maitiro gwirikwiti mapundu. Asi rabhoritari vanokwanisa rokuongorora kwokutanga (kana kusimbisa), kuziva apo gwirikwiti utachiwana. Zvidukuduku achibvumira vasave ropa, madzihwa, muromo uye mhuno, utachiona masero weti pazuva rokutanga chirwere wokutanga (asati chakaita mapundu), uye kunyange panguva pakuguma incubation nguva. Under rinokosha maikorosikopu anogona kunzi nezvekumwe luminous, pamwe inclusions, hofori masero denderedzwa.

Uyezve, murwere anogona kupiwa:

• urinalysis uye ropa kuitira kudzivisa zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa;
• chaicho bvunzo ropa nokuda kuziva miedzo antibodies (serological kuongorora kuti IgG gwirikwiti utachiona);
• bhokisi X-ray kana bhokisi maekisirei vanenge vanofungidzirwa kugadzira gwirikwiti nemabayo.

Asi kakawanda nechirwere chirwere haakonzeri matambudziko yokurapa uye haana kugadzwa dzimwe Analyses.

How kuona pachiyero IgG antibodies kuti gwirikwiti utachiwana

Pashure kwaaita murwere gwirikwiti mumwe munhu anotanga kuyeuka kana ndibatanidzwe amene, kana pamwe kurwara somwana. Uye kana kukanganwa, uye akapotsa hapana nguva vakaroverera mwana wake? Sei Ndinoona? Panewo ngozi kuti mushonga yaichengetwa nemazvo, uye ipapo zvinyoronyoro utachiona aigona kufa vasati chakaunzwa mumuviri.

Zvino rabhoritari ose anogona kuita ongororo pamusoro antibodies kune gwirikwiti utachiona (IgG). Nzira iyi inobvumira zana kubva muzana chokwadi kuti munhu ane kutapata kuti chirwere.

mabatiro

Marapiro nokuti gwirikwiti utachiwana haamo. Sezvo vose kutapukirwa noutachiona, chiremba achaita kuitisa symptomatic kurapwa, anobatsira uye kunodzivisa mukana yematambudziko. Yemanyorero ushandiswe:

• zvinodhaka kuti kuderedza tembiricha uye chokubvisa zvakawanda zvive, marwadzo, fivha ( "Ibuprofen" "paracetamol");
• bhurandi pamusoro kuzvimba zvino gargling ne chamomil, "chlorhexidine";
• mucolytics uye expectorants yakaoma chikosoro;
• nokuti chokubvisa zviratidzo rhinitis uye yekuzvidzivirira kukura otitis - vasoconstrictive mhino Madonhwe (5 Mazuva) uye kugeza pamwe brine;
• kuderedza kutsamwa uye kuvaviwa mapundu ushandiswe rinsing "Dilaksinom";
• nokuti dambudziko conjunctivitis - "Albucidum" uye "Chloramphenicol";
• kuderedza ngozi upofu, varwere inokurudzirwa panguva yose nguva chirwere kutora vhitamini A;
• kune nemabayo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Yambiro! In pakurapa gwirikwiti chero zvazvingava haagoni kushandiswa "asipurini", kunyanya mishonga vana pasi pemakore 16. Izvi zvingaita kuti pave Reye kuti chirwere - hepatic encephalopathy.

dziviriro

Ndava nemakore gore rimwe, vana vose pachena majekiseni pamusoro matatu kupfuura ngozi uduku zvirwere (gwirikwiti, rubella, mumps). Revaccination pamusoro zvirwere izvi zviri kuitwa pazera makore 5-6 old, pamberi chikoro. Vanachiremba vanoti mushonga zvakanaka akashivirira navana, havazombonyanyi kuzviita chete vana utano, saka mukana wokusvika nemishonga zvishoma.

Munhu wose anogona nyore nechokwadi chokuti mushonga rakashanda. Kuti vaite izvi, kwapera nguva pashure jekiseni kupfuura rimwe bvunzo inokosha. Antibodies kune gwirikwiti utachiona varipo vari chiitiko kuti yakatanga kutapata pashure kubaya.