Gumma-kuora: rudzi rwemazuva ano, nzvimbo, chirairo

Vose vangave vakanzwa nezvemhando mitatu yemayerojini-ray, alpha, beta uye gamma. Zvese dzinomuka mukushanda kwehutachiona hwehupfumi hwehupfumi, uye dzine zvose zvinowanikwa pamwe nekusiyana. Dambudziko guru rinotakurwa nerudzi rwechipiri rwemazuva ano. Chii ichocho?

Chimiro chekuora kwemhepo

Kuti uchinzwisise zvinhu zvekuraira kwema gamma zvakanyatsotsanangurwa, zvinokosha kufunga nezvemaitiro emayero. Iyi tsanangudzo inoreva kuti simba remhando iyi yemirairo yakareba kwazvo-kana inopinda kune imwe atomu, iyo inonzi "chinangwa cheatomu," iyo inogunun'una electron inofamba ichifamba nenzira yayo. Muchiitiko ichi, atomu inotanga inova inonyatsotarisirwa ion (naizvozvo, mazai ayo ainzi ionizing). Kubva kune ultraviolet kana infrared, ichi chinoyerera chinoratidzirwa nesimba rakakura.

Nenzira yakawanda, alpha, beta, uye gamma kuora zvinowanzojairika. Iwe unogona kufungidzira atomu mufananidzo wechidiki chepoppy. Zvadaro mhirizhonga ye electrons ichava sopu inopoteredza. MuAlfabeta, beta, uye gamma kuora, tsanga duku inotanga kubva kunezviyo. Iko kunotungamirirwa kwekasiyo kunoshandura, izvo zvinoreva kuti chigadzirwa chemakemikari chitsva chakaumbwa. Guruva rinomhanyisa ne giant velocity uye rinopinda mu electron shell yeatomu inopindwa. Sezvo warasikirwa ne electron, iyo atomu inotanga inova ion inofungidzirwa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, chimiro chemakemikari chinoramba chichifanana, nokuti nucleus yeatomu inopfuurira inoramba iri yakafanana. Ionization inzira yekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, zvinenge zvichiitwa nenzira imwe chete inoitika nekubatana kweimwe simbi iyo inopera mu acids.

Ndezvipi kune zvimwe zvinonzi kuora-kuora kunoitika?

Asi mazai einoisa ioni inoitika kwete chete mukuora kwemhepo. Izvo zvinowanzoitika mune zvombo zvenyukireya uye mune zvombo zvenyukireya. PaZuva nezvimwe nyeredzi, uyewo mune bhojeni ye-hydrogen, nuclei shoma inogadzirwa, inotungamirirwa neyonizingisai mahara. Mune midziyo ye X-rays uye accelerators yezvakatemwa zvinyorwa , izvi zvinowanzoitikawo. Nzvimbo huru iyo ine alpha, beta, gamma kuora ndiyo inonyanya simba ionization.

Uye kusiyana uko pakati pemitatu miviri yemirasiyo inogadziriswa nehupenyu hwavo. Radiation yakawanikwa pamagumo ezana remakore rechina. Zvino hakuna munhu aiziva kuti chii ichi chakanga chiri. Nokudaro, zvitatu zvemazuva uye zvakanzi mazita echiLatin alphabet. Gamma radiation yakawanikwa muna 1910 nemusayendisiti anonzi Henry Gregg. Kuora kweGamma kune zvimwe zvakafanana nechiedza chezuva, masikati machena, mafungu eredhiyo. Nezvinhu zvavo, gamma rays ndiwo mafion radiation, asi simba remapononi riri mukati mazvo rakakwirira kwazvo. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo inonzi rayation neyenguva shoma shoma.

Properties of gamma rays

Iyi miviri inonyoresa zvikuru kupinda nepakati pezvipingamupinyi. Izvo zvakanyanyisa zvinhu zviri mumugwagwa wayo, zviri nani zvinodzichengeta. Kazhinji kazhinji, kutungamirira kana zvikwangwani zvinoshandiswa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Mumhepo, γ-ray zvinokunda nyore makumi makumi uye kunyange zviuru zvemamita.

Kuora kweGamma kune ngozi kune vanhu. Inogona kukuvadza ganda uye nhengo dzomukati. Beta-miviri inogona kuenzaniswa nepfuti shoru duku, uye gamma - ine nendira dzokupfura. Munguva yemauto enyukireya, kuwedzera kumagetsi emagetsi, neutron inogadzirisa maitiro inowanikawo. Gamma rays inosvika pasi pano pamwe nemasikirwo emasikati. Mukuwedzera kune avo, inotakura mapurotoni uye zvimwe zvikamu zvePasi.

Chiito chema gamma rays pane zvipenyu

Kana tikafananidza alpha, beta, uye gamma kuora, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kuipa kune zvisikwa zvipenyu. Iko kuparadzanisa velocity yorudzi urwu rwemazuva ano yakaenzana nekukurumidza kwechiedza. Izvo ndezvekukurumidza kwayo, inokurumidza kupinda mumasero mhenyu, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa. Nenzira ipi?

Nenzira, γ-mazaya anosiya mazana eatomu ionized, iyo inozoonawo chikamu chitsva cheatomu. Mitsara iyo yakave yakasvibiswa yegma-ra ray ray yakasiyana pamatanho akasiyana ehutano hwavo. Kuchinjwa, inotanga kuora uye kutyisa muviri. Uye danho rekupedzisira pane kuonekwa kwemasero asina kukwana, ayo asingagoni kushanda zvakanaka.

Mune vanhu, nhengo dzakasiyana dzakasiyana siyana dzekunzwisiswa kumagetsi emhara. Migumisiro yacho inobva pane imwe nzira inogamuchirwa yemayera. Somugumisiro, zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyama zvinogona kuitika mumuviri, biochemistry inogona kuputswa. Vaya vanotambura zvikuru nhengo dze hematopoiesis, lymphatic uye digestive systems, pamwe nekugadzirwa kweDNA. Izvi zvinokuvadza vanhu uye chokwadi chokuti miviri inowedzera mumuviri. Uye inewo ine nguva yakaderera yekukanganisa.

Ima gamma-decay formula

Kuti uverenge simba remahara gamma, tinogona kushandisa iri rinotevera:

E = hv = hc / λ

Mune chimiro ichi, h is Constante Planck, v ndiyo nguva inowanikwa yevhemi electromagnetic energy, c ndiyo kukurumidza kwechiedza, uye λ ndiyo yevelength.