Gallbladder: mamiriro, basa, chirwere

Gallbladder - peya-zvakaumbwa kana conical mukaha muviri iri chiropa nomumativi zvakanaka pakati mativi ose lobes ayo. The chikuru kushanda gallbladder - kuunganidza uye wevasungwa kuti bile, uyewo yaro nguva nenguva "kutumira" kuburikidza mukuru uye cystic mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka kupinda duodenum.

vanhu vakasiyana gallbladder ane kukura siyana, kureba kwayo neeSultan kubvira 5 kusvika 13-14 cm upamhi - kubva 2 kusvika 4 masendimita, uye inogona 30-70 Rine mamiririta. In pamberi pathological ezvinhu parameters izvi dzingasiyana yekudyidzana. The nemamiriro gallbladder kusiyaniswa muviri, ane nechepasi uye mutsipa, izvo zvinoenda cystic mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka. Madziro ine mhando nhatu anoshongwa: tsandanyama, mucosa uye connective. Rezasi pose nduru dundira serosa viomak. The mucous Kamudzira rine muzvizhinji pazvirugu, mumwe icho, riri mutsipa akadana heister vharafu, nezvimiro pamwe sphincter tsandanyama fibers Lyutkensa. The connective zvinyama mumuhara uye pakati tsandanyama fibers vakaronga migero tubular asina kutaurirana pamwechete mhango pakati dundira, dzinonzi runoita Luschka.

Chiropa uye gallbladder dziri mugwara yokumusoro quadrant, asi nduru dundira urongwa dzingasiyana zvishoma, sezvo zvinoenderana mumuviri uye zera. Blood zvitengeswa anobva gallbladder bile-vesical tsinga, izvo hazviwanzoitika kubva kurudyi bazi hepatic tsinga, tsinga uye vakawanda aumba kubva venous plexus, ichiyerera kupinda bazi iri portal tsinga, mukati chiropa.

Pamusoro pokugamuchira gallbladder chikafu ipfupi pamwe ichi kumanikidza inokwira mairi, iyo chingava 200-300 mm mvura mbiru. Pashure paizvozvo, vari vanhuwo bile mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka anopinda kuramba bile. More zvikuru ayo chionekeso aona mushure kudyiwa zai yolks, mhuka uye muriwo kwemafuta. Marwadzo ari gallbladder kuchatsiviwa kuzvivaraidza uye kuzadza ake chiropa bile. Mukuru kusimba izvi zvinoitika usiku.

Pathological ezvinhu uye gallbladder chirwere inozivikanwa uchirwadziwa zvakarurama subcostal nzvimbo, dzimwe nguva ari epigastrium pamwe concomitant irradiation ari bondo, fudzi vadyi uye rorudyi reza. The chidzoke uye intensification nokurwadziwa kwakacherechedzwa pashure kwokubatsira chakasimba uye mafuta zvokudya, mazai, zvakakangwa zvokudya, doro, waini, zvinwiwa, uyewo pashure rinorema kusimuka uye nesimba mumuviri pasi vibration panguva uchityaira uye neuropsychological overvoltage. Zvisinei, pamwe gallstone chirwere dai nomuzvarirwo, pasina chikonzero pachena, panowanikwa marwadzo. Kana dyskinesia chaiwo gallbladder marwadzo achiperekedzwa autonomic nematambudziko, zvinhu zviri ziya inotonhora, muzvidimbu chiveve, ganda pallor, kutemwa uye nevamwe. Kazhinji, zvirwere izvi nokuitika belching, kuda kurutsa, shungu mumuromo, uye vamwe.

In chenjera kuzvimba nduru dundira palpation zvakarurama repamusoro quadrant zvikuru kunorwadza. Marwadzo, kuwedzerwa kufema, inonzi chiratidzo Kera, ari agere chinzvimbo - munhu chiratidzo Murphy, soreness mu pasi effleurage achitevedza zvakanaka costal Arch - chiratidzo Ortner. Zviratidzo kuzvinetsa abdominal uyewo inomuka munyaya peritonitis. In pamberi chisingaperi kuzvimba nduru dundira haasiri ayo kuvapo akanzwa palpation zvakarurama yokumusoro quadrant, uyewo kufurirwa pfungwa, uye hapana zviratidzo cholecystitis.

Kusiyanisa kutevera zvikanganiso zviri gallbladder: aplasia - yayo kusavapo, hypoplasia - achidzikisa saizi yayo, Surgery - kushaya nzvimbo, doubling dystopia. Uyezve, pane malformations siyana (semuenzaniso, nduru dundira ine vanobwembura) kuchiitika pakuvapo asymptomatic kana kunotoda cholelithiasis kana chirwere cholecystitis.