Epiphany Cathedral, Kazan kare, mapikicha, maawa uye purogiramu mabasa, kero uye nhamba dzorunhare. The bhero neshongwe Cathedral of Epiphany, Kazan

Ancient Kazan, Russia taivshaya kuti kuramba ngozi wechiTatar yaingopambwa, uye kwemazana emakore anoverengeka ndiri chiratidzo nokuda Orthodox vanhu muuranda, pashure rinokunda pamushandirapamwe Ivana Groznogo muna 1552 vakava nhengo Russian wehurumende. Kubvira ipapo, mumigwagwa yayo chitoro zvitoro muMoscow uye vatengesi Novgorod, asiwo nekereke Orthodox, hunoshamisa inzwi ravo zvitare guru akakunda Khanate kwete chete.

Wooden chechi suwo Prolomnaya

Nhasi, mumwe yakakurumbira dzakakwirira Orthodox Volga nyika iri pano Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti tsika Orthodox akatanga kutora chimiro yechipiri yezana XVI remakore, asi kereke yokutanga yematanda akazviratidza pano pashure zana. Zvakange kuvakwa panzvimbo kamwe paiva vanonzi pasuwo Prolomnye.

Zita iri rinowana chokwadi kuti panguva kurwisa kuchaitwa hondo Ivan vanotyisa muna 1552, izvi apo nokuputika upfu vebasa yakatangwa rusvingo rweguta iyo uta kuti akakomba Kazan, akawana mukati. Gare gare panzvimbo ino yakavakwa pasuwo, pamutemo anozivikanwa Nagayskimi, asi vanhu akavadanira mukati nenzira yake - Prolomnaya. The zita iroro rakapiwa uye mumugwagwa kuti Mikoko pano kutanga nhasi kunzi Bauman.

Kuvakwa temberi - kuzvikudza vomuguta

In yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore, apo pakange pasisina masvingo eguta kana pasuwo, chechi yematanda yakavakwa panzvimbo yavo, uye vagadzwe kubwinya Epiphany, vachiri kuzivikanwa so "chechi suwo Prolomnaya." Izvi kusvikira 1731, apo chakasakara parutivi nguva (maererano kumwewo vakapisa) chechi yematanda yacho yakaparadzwa uye panzvimbo yayo makatanga kuvakwa itsva ibwe Church. The Church rakadzikwa pamusoro mipiro maviri vaizviita Kazan vatengesi - Mikhlyaev I. uye S. Chernoff.

Kuvakwa kwetemberi kwakatora chaizvo kota zana uye rakapedzwa muna 1756. Chivako chitsva kunyatsotevera hwakakanyiwa yakabatana ayo nechokumusoro rusvingo chechi Andreya Pervozvannogo, yakavakwa muna 1701. Sezvo pakutsamwisana raishandiswa pakunamata muchando. Mumazana XVIII remakore, ichi mapurani kunzwisisa rakaumbwa, yaisanganisira, kuwedzera kuvaka Epiphany Cathedral uye St. Andrew cheChechi, zvakare maviri okutonga bhero shongwe, wakange ane canopied, uye akamira kurutivi rweimba kuti vapristi. Dare zvakare muridzi makore iwayo, uye imwe imba, kwete hwakawanda huripo, kamwe akamira pamusoro nzvimbo iripo shongwe Chaliapin.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti pre-echimurenga nguva Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan) kwave chezvinyorwa ashanyira muguta. muchechi vaimiririra vose munzanga mapoka. Panguva kunamata pasi namaberere aro vaigona kuonekwa uye veko vairemekedzwa uye vakabudirira Entrepreneurs vakanga mamuka panogasa nguva ichangopfuura yakatanga Russian capitalism, uye vagari vanhuwo, nguva dzose akaumba hwaro kwenzanga. Muna 1873 ndipo akabhabhatidzwa remangwana chinovheneka wokuRussia uye renyika Fodora Ivanovicha Shalyapina. Paakanga vaikura, akatanga basa rake mimhanzi ari chorister ari katedraali nekwaya.

Mumakore pamberi chimurenga, pakati vapristi Church vaiva kwokufananidzira Russian sayenzi uye tsika dzakawanda, zvakasiya chinhu zvakakanganwika munhoroondo yacho. Pakati pavo zvinozivikanwa TEKSTO Malov - chinoshamisa Russian ethnographer uye nyanzvi, munyori mbiri mavhoriyumu mabasa pamusoro pokugadzwa chiKristu muna Kazan, rwakazokura mumwe initiators pakati racho Korani aine shanduro kufanana Russian. It akashandawo uye akakurumbira mufundisi, Archpriest Mikhail (Zefirov), uyo akawana mukurumbira somumwe vaitungamirira mapurofesa of Kazan Imperial University, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Testamende vaizviita bhenga

Munguva akapfuura, uye nhasi kukwezvwa vakarumbidza Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), ndiro dzayo inozivikanwa bhero shongwe. Nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa rachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzwa magwaro ekare. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1892, akafa mumwe vakapfuma uye vanoremekedzwa zvikuru vagari Kazan, ayo honorary mugari, wokutanga chikwata mushambadzi Ivan Semenovich Krivonosov. Sezvo Mutevedzeri mukuru muguta pachena pamahombekombe, nokuda kwake upenyu vakaunganidza rebei uwane zvaanoda waiti kunosiya rubles-matatu nezvishanu mu mipiro Epiphany Cathedral, waiva kwemakore akawanda wevarume. Gwaro akatiwo kuti mari iyi (yakakura panguva) inofanira kupedzerwa pakuvaka Cathedral bhero shongwe.

pamavambo Good muRussia hwagara chamakashayiwa, dzisina mari dzimwe nguva chete nokuda Implementation kwavo. Asi sezvo ari iyi mari nyaya kwakagadziriswa pakarepo akazivisa makwikwi kugadzira remangwana bhero shongwe. Pepanhau romunzvimbo "Volzhsky Gazette" zvakabayirwa vose vanoda kutora chikamu mairi, achiti kuna Commission uchatorwa basa kuitwa yokuRussia manyorerwo mutana, uye kutaridzwa shoma yakapiwa bhero shongwe kukwirira - 32 vakati vapfuura (anenge 69 mamita).

yazvakaitikira akitekiti

Sezviri zvinganzwika musoro, asi zita mapurani uyo akakunda makwikwi uye akazova muvambi munhu aiziva Paaidzidzisa muchechi mapurani, akavaka chete makore zana apfuura, kuchiri kuzivikanwa. Chokwadi kuti yakarasika kuswedera kuti bhero neshongwe, iro zita rake rave kutaurwa. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti ungangotarisa vakundi ndivo ezvivako miviri - Genrih Rush uye Mikhail Mikhailov. Vatsigiri nomumwe pfungwa idzi maonero, vanoverengeka dzakajeka zvakakwana.

It inozivikanwa Somuenzaniso, kuti Va Rusch vakakunda rubles 150 sezvo Kumukundi, asi foromani rakanga Mikhailov, zvinopesana netsika - uyo akakunda mumwe uye anovaka. Uyezve, muna Kazan yamabhuku ane zvinyorwa pamusoro litigation pakati ezvivako, vakapikisa vakanyora chirongwa. Asi zvisinei, richakunda basa rakanga kurumbidzwa nevaairarama uye rave akauya somumwe Exhibits yakaitwa 1896 muna Nizhny Novgorod, Russia maindasitiri uye uri kuratidza.

Kuvakwa yakakurumbira bhero shongwe

Rakaitwa muna November 1893 kuti pamitambo kwenheyo ramangwana bhero shongwe yegore, asi pashure gomba rakacherwa pasi nheyo basa kuti chikonzero asingazivikanwe akamira ndokutangazve chete pashure pemakore maviri. Rokuvaka ichi nedzimwe nzvimbo akatora zvishoma nguva. Muna 1897 akanga abviswa okupedzisira scaffolds uye bhero neshongwe Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan) akazviratidza pamberi vagari veguta iine runako rwayo zvose.

Kupedza kuvakwa bhero neshongwe vakatanga kumuka pakati zvitare kwake - pakutanga yakare, panonyanyisa iyo yakasvika 217 makirogiramu (3472 kg), uye zvadaro itsva, zvikuru kuumbwa kuti ichi muMoscow uye akaponesa kuna Kazan nechitima. kurema kwayo kwakanga 526 makirogiramu (8416 kg). Zvino pamusoro bhero shongwe akaisa-rutsoka matanhatu muchinjikwa yakagadzirwa nesimbi uye akafukidza gilding.

Hwakawanda huripo mapepanhau nguva zvinozivikanwa kuti pakuvaka bhero shongwe aenda zvidhinha mamiriyoni maviri, zvachose Mari basa akapfuudza mari ikazopiwa mushambadzi IS Krivonosov, zvinosvika zviuru makumi mashanu, zviuru gumi iyo vakaenda kuvaka hwaro. Zvakanga zvakare yakashuma kuti zvisipo mari pakuvaka Kazan diocese yakapiwa.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva

Chinoshamisa, bhero neshongwe Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan), kuva akazvimirira mapurani kukosha uye ari mumwe chirefu kupfuura Orthodox bhero shongwe, zvava nomukurumbira kupfuura temberi, iyo yakanga yakavakwa. Mumba, ndiwo yechipiri weDanho, temberi yakavakwa mundangariro zvomutengesi Krivonosov. It zvakatsaurirwa May 1904.

Newspaper «Volzhsky Bulletin", iro ataurwa munyaya kurondedzera chiitiko, kwakaitika muna June 1901. Pazuva iroro, dutu rinotyisa rakamuka, uye thunderbolt ndokuwira zvakananga kunhare bhero, zvichiita pamadziro akundikana hombe. Pakarepo vanogumurwa kumusoro rechitatu weDanho sirin'i uye nematanda pasi huru bhero. Kufanana pashure rakasimba kuputika, nezvidhinha, matombo uye ungwandangwanda akazadza pasi uye namatanho wechipiri weDanho, vaiva siyana akandwe mumugwagwa. kuvonga chete kune vakarongeka uye udyire nezviito zvapupu avo noushingi vakamhanyira kudzima moto, yose Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan) haana kufukidzwa nomoto.

prerevolutionary makore

Muna 1909 kwakasarudzwa kuti gujunura zvekare kudziurira dilapidation, pakuguma remakore maviri okutonga belfry. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, imwe itsva bhero neshongwe Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan) akaramba chete muguta, uye iri chete kuunganidzwa vachiridza mabhero avo vakawanda vomuchechi.

Humwe kuvaka Cathedral zvakaoma yakakanganiswa nevanhu zvakaitika 1917. Asi pfungwa iyi, izvozvo zvaisanganisira yakawanda zvivako. Zviri pamusoro pachake zvose Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), uyewo chechi kudziya muzita Andreya Pervozvannogo uye temberi duku, vakaronga pasi ari bhero neshongwe, razova shongwe nomupi yechipiri, yakanga yakavakwa panguva vane mari. Apo, mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba, vanobudisa kuvhara kuti machechi, Epiphany Cathedral akaramba kushanda. Munguva kubva 1920 kusvika 1935 akashanda sezvo guta racho Church, iyo akaita basa pachedu Kazan Metropolitan.

Temple, akaisa pasi yokuchengetera zvinhu

Munguva thirties, kuti Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan), nhoroondo iri rakafanana kutapwa vakawanda machechi Russian, yakavharwa. Church The pedyo St. Andrew wacho kuparadzwa uye panzvimbo yayo, sokunge aida kurwadzisa zvikuru kurwadziwa vatendi akavaka menagerie muguta Zoo. Naizvozvo, zvakanga chikatsiviwa multi-storey chivako chokugara.

The chaizvo chete pakuvaka Cathedral kusvikira mashanu raishandiswa senzira yokuchengetera, uye belfry dzichengeterwe chitoro zvitoro uye okudhindira. Zvadaro, mumwe yokurovedza muviri rakanga ramiswa mairi, kubva padenga vakanga kuparadzwa kamwe zvikamu ne pamuchinjikwa musoro uye mukati wakanamira yakarongedzwa zvose, ane unyanzvi ukoshi zvikuru.

Pakutanga kumutsidzirwa temberi

Chete ari sixties sezvo pamusana refu pabasa vamiririri madhorobha intelligentsia uye miziyamu nyanzvi bhero shongwe vakagamuchira chinzvimbo ane mapurani shongwe kudzivirirwa, uye kokutanga yave omei rakadzorerwa kwemakore. Akanga vakadzokera chimiro kuti zvagara zvakadaro anodada Kazan.

Epiphany Cathedral, mufananidzo iyo dzinoturwa munyaya, akanga adzokera chechi 1997. Chiitiko ichi pamusana nokuchinja kukuru muhurumende gwara kune chitendero, inova nomufambi kunzwa. Asi bhero shongwe chinoramba basa Bazi Culture. Ane Kunstausstellungen uye kutumirwa kwamagwaro miziyamu ounyanzvi yekare, uye muna 2001, vakapiwa sawanikwa acoustics menyika, kamuri horo ainzi pashure Chaliapin wakavhurwa.

Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan): purogiramu mabasa, kero uye maawa buri

Time uchaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo. Nhasi, sapamazuva apfuura, mumwe huru yomudzimu nzvimbo yekare Volga guta ndiyo Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan). Purogiramu Divine Services, akagadza pasuo, haisi yakasiyana nedzimwe Orthodox purogiramu. It inopupurira kuti basa iri vanonzi kuitwa zvizere, kwakaitwa bumbiro yechechi. Vari akaita zuva nezuva. On mevhiki, dzidziso yaMwari rinotanga 8:00 am, uye musi weSvondo uye mazororo pa 9:00. Evening mabasa yaitwa ne 17:00.

Asi wachi iyi hakungoitwi kuwana vomuchechi iri Epiphany Cathedral (Kazan). Kushanda nguva vakafukidza zuva rose, kubva mangwanani uye akaguma usiku. Saka unogamuchirwa mumachechi akawanda Orthodox, apo vanhu vanouya kakawanda chete kugara nezvakapoteredza kuzvidhori vatsvene, kufema wakaropafadzwa rusenzi, nyengeterera zvavo zvinokosha zvoupenyu, uye kukumbira chikomborero chaMwari.

Nokuti munhu aifarira munhoroondo yekereke mavakirwo muRussia uye kunoratidza kuenda pamusoro Volga, zvichava chaizvo kushanyira Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan) pakero: Kazan, Ul. Bauman, 78. Haugoni chete tinyatsoziva ichi chinoshamisa Monument pamusoro mapurani, asiwo kunyengetera, uye musi weMugovera iri chapero pamwe bhero shongwe munamato kuti utano nevadiwa kana yemariro vakafa.

Musi weSvondo uye mazuva dzose vomuchechi, uye vari mutemberi kokutanga, unogona kuwana mufaro mukuru kubva kuimba akafistnogo kuita pa 17:00 pano. Nokuti vaya vanoda kuwana mamwe mashoko usati vanoshanyira Cathedral of Epiphany (Kazan), runhare: (843) 292 17 58. Mumwe vandine achagamuchira misoro mhinduro kumibvunzo yavo.