Electroencephalography - chii? Sei electroencephalography?

uropi hwomunhu - kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Zviri pano kuti centralize kusagadzikana basa pezvakaitwa zvose achibva pfungwa uye zvinodiwa vanowanika apindura anonongedzera kuita chimwe chinhu.

Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti uropi anotanga atadze kushanda zvakanaka. Chifungidziro kuvapo pathological maronda muuropi dambudziko. Kwakajairika chirwere nzira dzakadai Ultrasound, MRI, havasi kupa zvakakwana mufananidzo basa rake. Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvakafanira kuti vaite kubviswa eeg - mufananidzo uropi. Kudzidza paumbwe kwouropi mafungu kwave electroencephalography. Chii?

Chii nzira ichi?

Under electroencephalography zvino kunzwisisa chikamu chimwe kubva electrophysiology, yave vachidzidza Kugwina uropi wayo mumwe nhengo. Nokuyerwa rinoitwa pachishandiswa anokosha electrodes kureva peganda romusoro munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Uropi Electroencephalography akakwanisa andobata duku shanduko nezvebasa masero etsinga, izvo unoisa hurongwa kupfuura dzimwe nzira nechirwere ose chetsinga zvirwere.

Somugumisiro yokunyoresa kwouropi basa abereka "Snapshot" kana munyonga - imwe electroencephalogram. Zvinokwanisika kuziva kunzvimbo dzose nezvebasa uropi, iyo kunoratidzwa nedzimwe nemafungu uye mutinhimira. Kuratidza date mutinhimira ose echiGiriki mabhii earufabheti (govera kanenge 10 mutinhimira izvi). Mumwe nomumwe wavo unotora imwe wavelength zvinoratidza uropi basa kana chimwe chikamu chayo.

History of tsvakurudzo

Kuongorora uropi zvemagetsi basa yakatangwa muna 1849, apo zvakaratidza kuti sezvo tsandanyama kana tsinga faibha, anokwanisa rokuumba magetsi pulses.

Muna 1875, mbiri kungoreva akazvimiririra masayendisiti (Danilevsky muRussia uye iri England Caton) vakakwanisa kupa kuyerwa Data ose electrophysiological pfungwa basa iri mhuka (kudzidzawo chaiitirwa pamusoro imbwa, tsuro uye tsoko).

Nezvigadziko eeg dzakaiswa muna 1913, apo Vladimir Vladimirovich Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky akakwanisa kunyora electroencephalogram wokutanga uropi wembwa. Akatanga akafunga rokuti "elektrotserebrogramma".

Kokutanga muupenyu encephalogram dzevanhu zvakanzi akanyorwa muna 1928 maererano musayendisiti wokuGermany Hans Berger. Iye zvinganaka rename rokuti electroencephalogram, uye nzira iri kushandiswa kubvira 1934, apo Kuwanikwa Berger kuti mutinhimira rwukasimbiswa.

Sei muitiro?

Kunyoresa biopotentials uropi kunoitwa muchina anonzi electroencephalograph.

Kazhinji, asi chiito dzenzvimbo kunotangira uropi, ndizvo chaizvo simba, uye vari nyore kugadzira. Uye kana iri kubatsira kunobva electroencephalography. Chii anotaurwa pamusoro. Tiine Kuda kutamba electroencephalograph potentials mashoko uye kupfuma kana achipfuura muchina.

The potentials zvinonyorwa nokuda electrodes dzinongoda mumusoro.

The zvichiguma chiratidzo anogona kunyorwa kana papepa kana kuchengetwa mune zvemagetsi chimiro (makombiyuta eeg) kuti mamwe kuongorora.

Nhoroondo pacharo yakaitwa pamusoro anonzi razero zvinogona. Nokuti kazhinji kugamuchirwa kana divi rezasi renzeve kana mastoid muitiro pakati zvenyama pfupa, izvo regai emit biocurrents.

Registration zvinoitwa pulses electrodes yakaiswa mumusoro pamusoro pa dzinokosha mazano. Chinonyanya kwakapararira Zano 10-20.

Driving 10-20

zano Izvi mureza panguva electrode placement. Vari anoparadzirwa mumusoro mune zvinotevera urongwa:

• The mutsetse wokutanga akatsunga unobatanidza pakati yepamhino uye inion. Rakakamurwa 10 zvakaenzana zvikamu. The okutanga nookupedzisira electrodes anechekuita azvaitwa kune wokutanga nowokupedzisira, nezvegumi, wedzinza. Vamwe vaviri electrodes akatasva kune electrodes maviri okutanga kure akaenzana 1/5 yacho pakureba yakaumbwa pakutanga mumutsara. Chechishanu wakaiswa pakati nepakati peguta vatotanga.
• Conventionally akaumba mumwe mutsetse pakati kwokunze auditory meatus. Sensors vari yakaiswa, maviri pazuva rimwe divi (nerimwe hemisphere) uye rimwe - pamusoro.
• Parallel kune evaMedhia mutsetse pakati pamutsipa uye zambuko mhino ndivo mumwe 4 mitsetse - kurudyi nekuruboshwe parasagitalnye nezvenyama. Ivo nomunyika electrodes akatasva ari "nzeve" ari mutsetse. Maererano mitsetse yakasimbiswa mamwe electrodes (5 - kuti parasaggitalnuyu uye 3 - pamusoro nezvepanyama).

The zvachose pose musoro electrode 21 yakaiswa.

Kududzirwa zvabuda

Computer electroencephalography zvinowanzosanganisira achinyora zvabuda kuti kombiyuta kuumba pamusoro mumwe murwere Database. Somugumisiro, Kuda kutamba ari Data wakadenha mutinhimira oscillations pakubhadhara maviri. Conventionally kunzi Arufa Beta mafungu.

Chokutanga Kazhinji wakaiswa vachingotya zororo. Ivo vanoonekwa ne voltage pa 50 UV uye mumwe mutinhimira - kusvika 10 pasekondi yoga yoga.

Eeg hope inobva kutsunga Beta mafungu. Kusiyana Arifa hunhu mafungu, vari maduku kukura uye munguva wakasvinura mamiriro. kuitika wavo anenge 30 pasekondi yoga yoga, uye voltage - kumativi 15-20 MV. mafungu ava kazhinji anoratidza vakakwana uropi basa iri kutsinzina wehurumende.

Clinical Electroencephalography hwakavakirwa Kuda kutamba kuti mashoko mafungu. Chero kutsaudzira wavo (semuenzaniso, panowanikwa Arifa-wave ari kutsinzina state) inoratidza pamberi pathological kwacho. Uyewo zvinogona kukonzera pathological encephalogram mafungu - theta-mafungu, wave nhamba - kana kushandura hunhu hwavo - panowanikwa dzokubereka nadzo zvivako.

Zvakakurukurwa pakudzidza

Chinodiwa kubva muongororo ndiko kutadza kufamba murwere. Kana achiita chiitwa munhu electroencephalogram chipingaidzo kunoitika, mamwe kunotadzisa decoding zvakakodzera. In vana, pamberi kukanganiswa kwakadaro harinzvengeki.

Uyezve, ine zvinetso ayo vana uye akazvisvibisa electroencephalography. Chii - kutsanangurira mwana zvakaoma, uye kwete nguva dzose zvinogoneka kumunyengetedza kuti kupfeka ngowani pamwe electrodes. Kunogona kukonzera mwana pfungwa kutya kuti chokwadi kuti vasataura zvabuda. Ndokusaka vabereki vanofanira kunyeverwa kuti unofanira chero nzira kunyengetedza mwana kupfeka electrodes.

Munguva yokudzidza, kazhinji akaita nemiedzo pamwe hyperventilation uye photostimulation. Vanobvumira here kuziva zvimwe hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka muuropi, kwete yakanyorwa chete.

kwete yakarumbidza pamberi kudzidza, uye dzimwe nguva akarambidza kushandisa chero zvinodhaka chokuita uropi.

Zvairatidza kuti nzira

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisinei, varumbidzwa kuita chidzidzo ichi?

Eeg nzira unoratidzwa zvinotevera nyaya:

• With nhoroondo vaingoerekana syncope.
• Kwenguva refu pane nomusoro, havapinduri mishonga yaunodya.
• Kana kutyora okuyeuka kutarisirwa.
• Matambudziko Okurara nezvinetso akotsira uye nehope.
• Kana uchifungidzira munhu backwardness nepfungwa kukura kwevana.
• Dzungu uye kuneta.

Kunze kubva apa, electroencephalography unokubvumira kuongorora migumisiro kurapwa pavarwere pakugamuchira rwakati zvinodhaka mishonga kana physiotherapy.

Nzira unobvumidza kuona kuvapo kwezvirwere zvakadai nepfari, pfungwa namamota, zvirwere zviri uropi, trophic zvirwere uye ropa Kusasvika uropi.

Electroencephalography mune vana ichiitwa kuti chirwere pamusoro syndrome, pamwe palsy, mupfungwa retardation.

Contraindications nokuti nzira

Roga, muitiro une anenge asina contraindications. Chinhu bedzi anogona kukutadzisa Implementation wayo, uri pamberi pamusoro pemvura musoro zvikuru kukuvara, chenjera kutapuriranwa pezvakaitwa kana postoperative vazvo, kupora panguva yacho ongororo.

uropi electroencephalography amakavaitira kungwarira varwere mupfungwa mhirizhonga sezvo vaivaona nehasha kunogona kutungamirira chikwata. Nokuti kudzvinyirira wevarwere akadaro vanofanira kutungamirira mapiritsi, izvo yekudyidzana zvinoderedza mashoko zviri nzira uye mugumisiro mu kururama mashoko.

Pose pazvinobvira, vanoramba kuita nzira dziri varwere zvakakomba decompensated kusagadzikana kumwoyo. Kana iripo inotakurika electroencephalograph, zvakanakisisa kushandisa nayo, pane kutora murwere kuti chirwere kudzidza.

Kudiwa tsvakurudzo

Zvinosuruvarisa, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti pane nzira nechirwere sezvo electroencephalography. Chii - anoziva nhamba duku vanhu, chiri wadii zvose kuenda chiremba nezvomufambiro wake. Uye pasina, nekuti nzira iyi achikurumidza kugumbuka kana kunyoresa uropi potentials. Kana zvakanaka kuitwa kudzidza uye runoenzanirana decoding ari mashoko zvinokwanisika kuti zvinenge kunyatsonzwisisa functionality uropi zvivako uye kuvapo zvichibvira pathological muitiro zvizere.

Kureva, unyanzvi ichi anobvumira kuona pamberi kwepfungwa retardation muvana vaduku (kunyange unofanira zvachose kushivirira chokwadi kuti uropi potentials vari vana siyanei nedzevakuru).

Kunyange kana pasina kutyorwa kudivi tsinga, dzimwe nguva zviri nani kuitisa yokuongororwa kuongorora pamwe kwairayirwa kwebasa rinofanira eeg, sezvo kuchigona kubvumira kuona kutanga kuchinja pfungwa mamiriro, uye kazhinji kunoita kuti vabudirire pakurapa chirwere.