Dzhon Lokk: pfungwa huru. Dzhon Lokk - Chirungu muzivi

Dzidziso Dzhona Lokka aiva chinokosha nezvainoita mibvunzo uzivi, dzidzo, mutemo uye hurumende, dzakanga akakodzera pakati pezana remakore rechi17-. Ndiye muvambi rezvematongerwo enyika uye pamutemo itsva dzidziso, iyo gare gare pakuzivikanwa se "dzidziso yokutanga Bourgeois liberalism."

Biography

Locke akaberekwa muna 1632 mumhuri Puritan. Akadzidza ari Westminster School uye Kristu Church College. In kukoreji, akatanga basa rake nesayenzi somudzidzisi rechiGiriki mutauro, uzivi uye zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe. Munguva iyi hwakasungirirwa kuziva akakurumbira dzinongoitika musayendisiti Robert Boyle. Pamwe chete naye, Locke akapedza metrological cherechedzo, zvikuru kudzidza kemisitiri. Zvadaro, Dzhon Lokk zvakakomba akadzidza mushonga uye muna 1668 akava nhengo Royal Society of London.

Muna cha1667, Dzhon Lokk akasangana Ishe Eshli Kuperom. Murume uyu anoshamisa akanga zvinopesana youmambo uye vakatsoropodza utongi ano. Dzhon Lokk anosiya kudzidzisa uye rinopedza yavatezvara Ishe Cooper se ake shamwari, shamwari uye chiremba pachako.

Political chivande uye vakakundikana kuedza youmambo pachigaro nechisimba akamanikidza Ishe Ashley kutiza wadzo Mahombekombe. Kumutevera kutama kuNetherlands uye Dzhon Lokk. Pfungwa dzinokosha kuti vakauya anozivikanwa masayendisiti, dzakaumbwa kunyatsoreva mu kuenda kumwe. Makore andakapedza kune imwe nyika, zvave kupfuura zvibereko Locke mabasa.

Kuchinja kuti kwakaitika England mukupera kwezana remakore rechi17, Locke kudzokera. Muzivi nokuzvidira kushanda nehurumende itsva uye nenguva zvinotora inokosha zvinzvimbo pasi kwokubatsira itsva. Post anokonzera Trade uye mapoka ndokubereka ichangoburwa ari musayendisiti mabasa. pulmonary chirwere chinoita kuti kusiya, uye navamwe hwake yaaipedza mutaundi Oates, munda shamwari dzake dzepedyo.

Next zvoruzivo

The chikuru basa kwouzivi pamusoro musayendisiti zvinozivikanwa, sezvo "rondedzero Pamusoro Human Understanding." Panguva yekutanga rinozivisa kwegadziriro empirical (experimental) uzivi. Hwaro nokuti mhedziso hazvisi kufunga, asi chaiko ruzivo. Saka anoti Dzhon Lokk. Uzivi zano iri aipikisana aripo nyika-hurongwa. In basa iri, musayendisiti anoti hwaro adzidze nyika iri kutsinga dzinouya ruzivo, uye chete tichibatsirwa zvokuongorora anogona kuzadzisa yakavimbika, zvechokwadi uye pachena ruzivo.

Next kuti chitendero

mabasa esayenzi muzivi uye nehanya zviitiko pamusoro nemasangano ezvitendero aivapo panguva iyoyo muEngland. Dzinozivikanwa manyoro "The kudzivirirwa asiri conformism" uye "rondedzero pamusoro kubvumira", rakanyorwa Dzhon Lokk. Pfungwa huru dzakanga ataurwa unpublished akadhindwa izvi, uye kwava zvizere mano chechi, dambudziko rusununguko rwehana chitendero dzaitaurwa "Tsamba Pamusoro kubvumira."

basa iri Inosimbisa vose kodzero nehana. Scientist anokurudzira ehurumende masangano kuziva kusarudza chitendero ane inalienable kodzero wese. Kereke yechokwadi mabasa ayo, maererano musayendisiti, kuva ane tsitsi nengoni kuparadzana; simba yeChechi uye nedzidziso yeChechi anofanira kumisa mhirizhonga chero chimiro. Zvisinei, vakatendeka kushivirira haafaniri kungapfuurira avo vasingazivi mitemo pamutemo wenyika, anoramba mitemo yetsika nzanga uye kuvapo kwaIshe, maererano Dzhon Lokk. Nepfungwa huru iri "Letter Pamusoro kubvumira" - wakaenzana kodzero dzenharaunda zvose dzechitendero uye kuparadzana mamiriro simba chechi.

"Kunzwisisa kwechiKristu sezvo ngachipiwe muMagwaro," ichangobva basa muzivi, umo iye inotaura kubatana naMwari. Chikristu, pakutanga - kutaridza yetsika, izvo zvinofanira kuomerera ose munhu, maererano Dzhon Lokk. Zvekufamba zviri nomuzivi mumunda yechitendero, dzidziso dzechitendero kwakavandudza maviri munzvimbo itsva - Chirungu deism uye latitudinarizmom - dzidziso kubvumira.

Next kune dzidziso mutemo

chiratidzo chete vanhu J. mudziyo. Locke wake mubumbiro basa "Two akadhindwa kuti Government". The hwaro mabasa idzidziso mamiriro panowanikwa "rwokuzvarwa" vanhu vanhu. Maererano musayendisiti, pakutanga nezvokuvapo vanhu kumboziva hondo, vose vaiva vakaenzana, uye "hapana rakakura kupfuura mamwe." Zvisinei, muvanhu zvakadaro, hapana mitumbi supervisory, izvo zvaizoita kubvisa musiyano, kugadzirisa pfuma kukakavadzana, aisiita inoenderana muedzo. Kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kodzero dzevanhu vanhu vakaumba enyika munharaunda - State. dzidzo runyararo masangano kwakavakirwa mvumo vose vanhu - hwaro pakusikwa hurumende hurongwa. Saka anoti Dzhon Lokk.

The chikuru Pfungwa mamiriro zvemagariro kushanduka ndiyo paumbwe enyika nezvakatongwa masimba, izvo aizodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vose. Nokuti mamiriro kodzero kushandisa simba kuti vazvidzivirire kubva vatorwa nechisimba, uyewo kuti akuteerere zvaidiwa mumhuri mitemo. Dzidziso Dzhona Lokka hunotaurwa mu basa iri, anoti kodzero kubvisa hurumende vagari vasingateveri kuita mabasa avo kana yokushandisa simba.

Next mu pedagogy

"Vamwe Pfungwa Pamusoro Education." - John Locke kuti rondedzero, umo iye anoti kwezvakatipoteredza ane pamusoro mwana yairwirwa simba. Pakutanga kwayo kukura, mwana pasi pokudzora vabereki uye rokudzidzisa vanoda iye muenzaniso tsika. Zvavakanga kurei mwana anowana akasununguka. Iye akateerera muzivi uye dzidzo hwepanyama vana. Education, sezvakanyorwa mubhuku, rinofanira kubva kushandiswa zvinobatsira ruzivo anodiwa kuti upenyu Bourgeois muvanhu, pane kudzidza yepamusoro wesayenzi pasina zvinobatsira. basa iri rave vakatsoropodza ne Bishop pamusoro Worcester, uyo Locke kakawanda kuita polemics, pakudzivirira zvavanofunga.

Mark munhoroondo

Muzivi, gweta, mutungamiriri wechitendero, mudzidzisi uye publicist - izvi zvose zviri Dzhon Lokk. uzivi ake akadhindwa kusangana hunoshanda uye yokungotaura zvinodiwa remakore idzva - remakore Kujekerwa, zvakawanikwa, sayenzi itsva uye itsva inoti.