Driving injini chinotsva hurongwa kubva A kuna Z. Scheme mafuta ezvinhu ane Diesel injini uye peturu injini

Mafuta hurongwa - chinhu chinokosha chero motokari ano. Kuti rinopa pakuonekwa huni muinjini sepombi. Naizvozvo, chinotsva ichaongororwa mumwe chikuru zvinoumba rose muchina kugadzirwa. Mazuva ano munyaya dhayagiramu ari mafuta ino ichakurukurwa, nechivako kwayo uye mabasa.

sarudzo

The chikuru basa chikwata ichi ndiko kupa dzomunyika injini imwe mari peturu. Kare pamberi nepano akawanda yokunatswa matanho uye zvokudya nenzira pressurized humburumbira.

raiva pedyo nebundu mudziyo

Oddly zvakakwana, asi Zano Diesel injini huni hurongwa zvakafanana zvikuru peturu dzomuzana. Musiyano chete pakati pavo iri jekiseni mugadziriro. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro kuti gare gare, asi iye zvino ngatitarisei magadzirirwo nzvimbo.

Saka, chinotsva hurongwa zano presupposes kuvapo inotevera zvakagadzirwa zvinhu:

• The gasi tangi. chaikosha Izvi zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva papepa simbi kana kubva gobvu chaizvo polypropylene. In mutakurwi motokari uye kure-mugwagwa chinotsva tangi akatasva pasi. In nhumbi motokari, zvikurukuru nematarakita anofamba, zvinonzi zvakabatanidzwa chaiyo zvitsigiso pakati zveshure uye pamberi ekisero (kuruboshwe kana kurudyi). Mafuta mumota ane vharafu kudzivisa huni water drainage rollover motokari.
• Filler chivharo. chinhu ichi ane shinda, iyo inoita kuti mhepo Inlet panguva yayo kusunungura. Asi mutyairi zvakanga zvakakunakira sunungura chivharo pariri ane ratchet. Uyewo chinhu ichi ane imwe yakachengeteka vharafu iyo, apo motokari achipinda mutsaona yomumugwagwa kusunungura nevezera mukati tangi. Sezvineiwo, zviri michina yemazuva ano vane mwero exhausts "Euro-2" uye zvakawanda ingress peturu mhute kuti muchadenga hazvibvumirwi. Naizvozvo, kuti andobata navo munyika iri yakaiswa rinokosha kabhoni adsorber.
• Fuel pombi. chaikosha ichi ane zvemagetsi drive riri mukati tangi. The Pombi rinodzorwa zvemagetsi kudzora chikwata. Achipindura mashoko yaipiwa rinokosha ataure. Kana mutyairi anoramba kuvesa ON, izvozvo inoshanda imwe nguva (haufaniri kupfuura 4-5 seconds), nokudaro kupa vakada kumanikidza munyika kutanga injini. Uyewo kucherechedza ndechokuti Pombi haachandidi peturu. Saka, kushanda usina tangi anogona vanoipwanya.
• Fuel firita. Kazhinji, motokari iri vakapakata marudzi maviri mashoko zvinhu. mashandiro ichi nemicheka uye zvinonyadzisa combustible. The strainer akatasva chinotsva pombi redzimba. Musimboti basa rake uvete tichararama kuti utachiona kuti kupinda injini uye zvinoumba zvakawandisa chin'ai. Uyewo, basa Sefa yekudyidzana kunonatsiridza uchishandisa upenyu, yokudzidzivirira kubva kakawanda pakusvibiswa. yakanaka kuchenesa mashandiro iri pasi muviri, kurutivi rwemberi motokari kuturika. Izvi rworudzi Sefa kunobva pepa Kufananidzira iyo inokwanisa kubata tsvina inoramba, tara uye emadhaka, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa munhu mafuta hurongwa.

Switch chinotsva pamwero

Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro pombi module. By design, chinotsva pamwero Switch duku gadziriro ina ichiyangarara uye shanduka nemishonga kuonana mashandiro pamwe zvinhu zvenaironi. Zvichienderana nokuwanda mukati ari mafuta tangi, ari kurwisa zviri chinhu kuchinja, izvo unocherekedza tsono ari chiridzwa Panel iri kabhini. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mafuta Switch haasi ari kukanganisika nokuda murombo unhu huni yokuvirisa uye kwete kutyora kana kakawanda tembiricha kuchinja uye kumanikidzwa mukati tangi.

limes

chaikosha ichi vanosanganisira mokugezera zvina, chimwe nechimwe chine munyatso inopiwa. The murwere ari kuiswa panguva yaunodya zhinji, uye anoita mashandiro chinotsva wedzerai mumwe humburumbira.

mokugezera

zvakadzama ichi ndicho chatinonyanya kukosha kuti motokari, sezvo zvinoenderana mamiriro kunaka combustion peturu-mhepo nezvakavhenganiswa, uye nesimba kudyiwa motokari. The kamwene duku mashandiro ane solenoid vharafu. Last inotongwa ECU. Kana kudzorwa chikwata rinorayira simba Kusasvika ichitenderera kamwene, akadzivira bhora vharafu anovhura uye mafuta runoyerera kuburikidza kamwene ndiro nebulizers. Sezvineiwo, ndiro rine makomba kuti inoshandiswa kugadzirisa mafuta rinodyiwa. Chinotsva iri jekiseni kupinda kamwene nzira Inlet mavharuvhu anoverengeka. Somugumisiro, izvozvo runopwa vasati vapinda combustion yomukati.

The Mhando huni pakusununguka nehurongwa

To musi, kusiyanisa pakati mhando dzakawanda mafuta enyika, izvo zvinoshandiswa Diesel uye peturu injini. Kunyanya, peturu rekambani injini chinotsva wedzerai gadziriro iri mberi rakakamurwa mhando mbiri uye angava carburetor kana injector. Both mhando vane kusawirirana kwavo kugadzira uye kushanda.

carburetor Features

The musiyano chikuru ino kubva mafuta injector ndiyo chaizvo smeseobrazovatelya. Kumutumidza - the carburetor. Apa ndipo pane gadziriro huni mhepo nezvakasanganiswa. Isa carburetor pamusoro yaunodya zvawanda. To zviri zvakakodzwa mafuta riri sprayed mune ramangwana achishandisa jets uye mixes pamwe mhepo. The rakapedzwa musanganiswa uchaguta munzvimbo zhinji kuburikidza yacho throttle vharuvhu. Nzvimbo yokupedzisira kunoenderana huwandu injini mutoro uye uwandu nokumukirana ayo. Sezvineiwo, chinotsva romugove gadziriro dhayagiramu ane peturu injini iri pamufananidzo pazasi:

Sezvaunogona kuona, mukufamba kugadzirira uye combustion mafuta muvhenganiswa iri kusashanda dzakawanda zvemagetsi sensors. Zvikuru kukosha kuti motokari rinomiririra throttle nzvimbo Switch uye crankshaft nokumukirana.

Cherechedza kuti mafuta hurongwa redunhu (UAZ "zvingwa" kusanganisira) kuti kabhureta mhando anosiyana yakaderera kumanikidzwa pamwero iyo yakaumbwa muna jekiseni peturu. The chaizvo chete wedzerai peturu kuti injini sepombi rinoitwa negiravhiti, i.e. akakotamisa kumanikidzwa ari combustion kamuri yezwi iri pisitoni pa BDC.

Zviri injector

Scheme chinotsva system ( "Mercedes E200" kusanganisira) jekiseni mhando ane musiyano unokosha kubva analoginen carburetor:

• Chokutanga, mafuta mumota riri nechikoro kuti murwere, izvo zvakabatanidzwa kuti pfapfaidzo kamwene.
• Chechipiri, mhepo iri injini combustion Kamuri iri yaipiwa kuburikidza rinokosha throttle mudziyo.
• Chechitatu, padanho kumanikidza kunotangira pombi munyika, dzimwe nguva zvakawanda kupfuura izvo zvinoita carburetor mashandiro. Fani iyi akatsanangura aifanira nechokwadi zvakasimba mafuta jekiseni kamwene muimba combustion yomukati.

Asi ichi kwete chete akasiyana carburetor mafuta jekiseni hurongwa. "Chevrolet niva" (dhayagiramu peturu yayo raanotaura mufananidzo pazasi), uyewo dzimwe motokari ano, ane panguva yayo achigona vanonzi "zvemagetsi uropi", ndiko kuti ECU. Last basa rokuchera uye processing mashoko kubva zvose huripo sensors mumotokari.

Saka ECU uyewo anodzora huni jekiseni. Zvichienderana kwadzinoita pakati zvemagetsi kunotema chii nezvakavhenganiswa mhando anofanira zvokudya kupinda humburumbira - murombo kana mupfumi. Asi kwete chete dhayagiramu ino akasiyana mafuta maitiro ( "Ford dzaifanoiswa» CDi kusanganisira) jekiseni mhando. Zvinogona kuva zvakasiyana nhamba mokugezera. Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera chikamu.

Scheme mafuta jekiseni panguva jekiseni motokari

To musi, pane mhando mbiri jekiseni enyika:

• Monovpryskovye.
• Pamwe vakawanda jekiseni.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, chinotsva wedzerai sepombi zvose rinoitwa uchishandisa imwe kamwene. Panguva ino monovpryskovye hurongwa vari kumbodzika kushandiswa motokari ano, haagoni akati pamusoro motokari pamwe vakaparadzira jekiseni. Chinoratidza injectors akadaro kuti nerimwe humburumbira wakaiswa, nomumwe kamwene vayo. Ichi chokugadza dhayagiramu ndedzechokwadi chaizvo, asi nokuti rinoshandiswa automakers zvose ano.

ari injector sei?

Nheyo ino ari nyore chaizvo. Mafuta kubva tangi noruoko Pombi zvokudya zvokungotuka (pane nguva dzose mafuta ari kumusoro kumanikidzwa). Next zvazvinoita kune injector, kuburikidza icho sprayed muimba combustion yomukati. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti jekiseni hakusi kwechigarire, uye pane dzimwe zvikamu. Panguva imwe chete nerubatsiro huni mhepo anopinda hurongwa. Kamwe chinotsva musanganiswa inotungamirwa kwakaitika imwe maererano kuti anopinda combustion yomukati. Process kuti achigadzirira musanganiswa injectors kakawanda dzichimhanya kupfuura peturu injini. Onawo kuti basa spraying mokugezera anodzora dzinoverengeka dzokuwedzera sensors. Ivo chete chiratidzo electronic kudzora chikwata rinorayira mafuta jekiseni. Sezvaunogona kuona, chinotsva jekiseni-mhando redunhu hurongwa akasiyana carburetor. Chokutanga, pane zvakaparadzana mokugezera zviri mubasa huni jekiseni muimba combustion yomukati. Uyezve, sezvo ari peturu motokari, uye sesasaradzi chivhariso akatendeuka ari combustion kutenderera rinoitwa, iyo zvino kutendeuka kupinda pisitoni nevanga.

Driving ezvinhu ane Diesel injini chinotsva

Diesel injini chinotsva wedzerai hurongwa ine maitiro ayo. Chekutanga, chinotsva Kusasvika combustion mukamuri rinoitwa pasi zvikuru kumanikidzwa kamwene. Chaizvoizvo, nokuda ichi uye unopisa musanganiswa ari sepombi. Panguva jekiseni injini muvhenganiswa yakavhenekerwa pachishandiswa sesasaradzi vakasikwa chinopa chivhariso. Chechipiri, kwokudzvinyirira mukati hurongwa anoumba munhu mafuta pombi (mukuru-kumanikidzwa mafuta pombi).

Kureva mafuta hurongwa redunhu (chakarova KamAZov uye kusanganisira) zvokuti kamwe naos zviviri zvinoshandiswa jekiseni. Mumwe yakaderera kumanikidzwa, wechipiri - kumusoro. Origin (anonziwo priming) iri vachigovera sehuni kubva tangi uye yechipiri mafuta romugove rinobatanidzwa zvakananga injector.

Pasi chati iri mafuta ino (KamAz 5320):

Sezvaunogona kuona, rinoshandisa zvakawanda zvinhu pane peturu motokari. Zviya, pane dzimwe shanduro KAMAZ injini ari anowedzera yakaiswa rimwe turbocharger. Yokupedzisira anoita mashandiro kuderedza chiutsi choutsi uye panguva imwecheteyo kunowedzera nhamba anokwanisa dzomunyika injini. zano kudaro pakati mafuta ino (KamAz 5320-5410) rinobvumira jekiseni mafuta ari kumanikidzwa kwirirei. Panyaya iyi, yose mafuta kuparadzwa inoramba nenguva chechetere.

ari algorithm

Nheyo anoita Diesel mugadziriro, ane kuoma zhinji, kusiyana injector. Scheme chinotsva system ( "Ford dzaifanoiswa» TDI) zvokuti mafuta vachishandisa inosimbisa pombi ichipfuura nomucheka Sefa uye zvokudya kuti jekiseni pombi. Ipapo pasi kumusoro kufurira anopinda injector yaiva humburumbira musoro. Panguva yakakodzera, kuti mashandiro kuzarurwa, uye ipapo sprayed mafuta muvhenganiswa rinowanikwa mukamuri, iro vharuvhu yaipiwa Via siyanei pre-Yakanatswa mhepo. The zvakawandisa chikamu Diesel mafuta jekiseni pombi uye kamwene vakadzokera shure kune tangi (asi kwete kuburikidza Sefa, uye vakaparadzana channel - sepombi reflux). Saka, chinotsva gadziriro dhayagiramu mumwe Diesel injini zvikuru kwakatooma uye kunoda zvakawanda zvakarurama mukugadzirwa munhu combustible nezvakasanganiswa. Saizvozvowo, izvozvo injini Nokuraramisa mari dzakakwirira kupfuura yokugadzirisa jekiseni.

mhedziso

Saka isu afunga kuti akaita dhayagiramu pamusoro mafuta ezvinhu ari Diesel injini uye peturu. Sezvaunogona kuona, humboo raiva pedyo nebundu mudziyo hakuiti kwakasiyana mumwe, kunze mhando mafuta pombi. Zvisinei, pasinei Zano chinotsva hurongwa, nguva kugadzirira chinotsva musanganiswa mune motokari ano zvikuru duku. Naizvozvo, nzira dzose tinofanira kushanda yakavimbika uye zvakanaka sezvo zvichiita nekuti kuchangotanga glitch mu functionality kwavo kunogona kukonzera gogonera echipiriso chinotsva uye atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro womukati injini.