Diesel zvakaoma kutanga, "inotonhora": zvikonzero. Maintenance uye yokugadzirisa Diesel motokari

Nokufamba kwenguva, muridzi ose motokari anotarisana dambudziko vakashanda tatanga injini. Uye izvi zvinoitika zvose peturu uye Diesel injini. Ekupedzisira anonyanya kazhinji vanoramba vanodzamara muchando. Uye zvose nokuda zvivako zviri Diesel mafuta. Pashure pezvose, kusiyana peturu, hapana dzomoto plugs, izvo zvaizoita moto musanganiswa. Chinotsva iri dzakaparira nokuda compression simba. Plus Diesel richikora yakaderera tembiricha. Asi ngatirege kuwana mberi. Saka, ngationei kuti nei mangwanani zvakaoma kutanga Diesel. Main zvikonzero uye mishonga, ona nyaya yedu nhasi.

Starter uye matochi

Vazhinji nezvinetso kanda kunoitika ichaparara pamusoro zvinhu izvi zviviri. Pashure pezvose, kutanga injini kunoenderana kwavari "ushamwari" uye "kupisa pamusoro". Kana wako Diesel injini zvakaoma kutanga, "kwechando", zvikonzero anogona pauri bhatiri. Ekupedzisira, uyewo Diesel huni, zvakare kutya yakaderera tembiricha. Usiku anogona kurasikirwa kusvika 20 muzana pakukwanisa kwayo. Ndicho dzinonetsa exponent. Somugumisiro, kunyange idzva Renault Duster kuchatanga hazviiti. Zvingagadziriswa? The goho riri chete - mhosva "wakadyarwa" ari bhatiri. Unogona kuita izvi munzira dzakawanda. The uchitsanya Ipfungwa - a "Booster". Achibatsirwa "nemakarwe" uri kunofambidzana kune zviteshi ari bhatiri basa motokari uye kutanga injini kubva kutanga. Zvisinei, nzira iri chaizvo ngozi, kunyanya nokuda bhatiri pacharo.

The, nzira yakachengeteka zvikuru rechipiri - ndiko kushandisa inonzi boosters. Mumakore achangopfuura vava mukurumbira chaizvo pakati vatyairi. The booster iri diki bhatiri (akafanana encombrements Power Bank kuti maserura) kuti mukati masekondi 30 anogona kupa mukuru inrush kuitika mu "wedzera" nzira (richizonzi). bhatiri ichi - 12 V uye zvakakodzera zvikuru motokari uye nemagudzu pamwe injini vanokwanisa anosvika 4 litres. Zvisinei, tsika rinoratidza kuti yepamusoro "booster" anogona kumhanya kunyange rori injini. The chete drawback munhu bhatiri yakadaro - mutengo. Zvakafanana mari zvitatu zvakanaka kutungamirira-asidhi mabhatiri.

Nzira yechitatu - uchiraira pamusoro mira mundiro. Ndicho zvikuru, asi anononoka nzira. Pashure pezvose, kudzorera vakarasika 20 muzana kutonga, chikwata achatora kwemaminitsi 30 nguva.

Kana Mutange, naivowo kukundikana. Zvingasava zvinoenderana chirwere mudziyo kana munhu aipfeka nemotokari giya kuti meshes vane korona vhiri. Chero zvazvingava, uchakwanisa kuona dambudziko "ne nzeve". The Starter achava emit dzimwe ruzha panguva oparesheni.

Low compression Diesel injini

Iri idambudziko motokari pazero nemakore 20. Compression pamusoro Diesel injini iri yakasiyana peturu, kanenge 2 nguva. Sezvo mafuta ari dzakaparira nokuda compression simba, ipapo nhamba anofanira dzinenge 20 atmospheres. Peturu injini uyewo kubudirira kurwisa uye panguva 8 atmospheres. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Chii chingava chikonzero yakaderera compression? Ndiyo vapfeke pisitoni chikuru, mhete. Ekupedzisira anogona nhema kuti siyana ellipse iri humburumbira pamadziro. dambudziko iri pamwe hombe mafuta zhorom. Zviya, compression inogona kurasika mashoma, uye mune mumwe mudziyo wevhu. Mukupera nyaya dambudziko pamwe chete kanda vibration panguva simbe kufamba. Rokuongorora injini, compression kunodiwa ndakadaro. Uye kubva zvabuda izvi isu tati - injini kugadzira kana kushandura itsva. Nemaoko avo hapana chinogona kuitwa - ibasa minders. Vaya vari kuenda kunotenga imwe Diesel zano kare - kuongorora compression nomumwe humburumbira. danho duku Izvi achaponesa iwe kubva zvisingafanoonekwi matambudziko uye kushandisa mari.

-oma mafuta

Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero zvakafanana nei Diesel injini zvakaoma kutanga, "kwechando". Zvikonzero mvura crystallization. With nomumwe kudzikira tembiricha Paraffin precipitate achiumbwa chinotsva. Chinotsva anova ramakore nerezarima, kufanana Pudding. Asi sei michina anoshanda ari kuchamhembe kunzvimbo? Kuti varege kuva nezvinetso kanda, ari chando Diesel mafuta kunodiwa. Sei zvakasiyana dzose? Kusiyana muzhizha, mafuta chando Diesel rine yokuvirisa izvo kutadzisa paumbwe emura paraffins uye crystallization. Pashure pezvose, namafuta gobvu haisi kukwanisa zvinopfuura pores ari Sefa uye Mapaipi, tisingatauri mokugezera.

Ndingawana kupi kutenga muchando Diesel huni? chinotsva iyi kutengeswa zvachose peturu nenhepfenyuro muchando mwaka. Kuzadza pachine vachigadzirira chando mwaka, pakubvisa chinotsva chirungiso "antigel". Kuvadza injini zvikasashanda - zviri kupupurirwa vatyairi zhinji. Zvisinei, vamwe peturu dzemapurisa vanogona kutengesa huni vakasara muchirimo muchando. Kuti kudzivisa kurohwa ezvinhu, ruzivo vatyairi vanenge varumbidzwa kutakura nehombodo ANTIGEL uye kuwedzera kune tangi pachako. Kunyanya kana kutarisirwa simba kutonhora. Kukura kuratidzwa mumirayiridzo. Chii nechando pfungwa muzhizha Diesel chinotsva? Mafuta parafiniziruetsya kare panguva -5 Celsius. Saka nguva dzose kumbira panguva pombi, kweArctic ndiye mafuta kana kwete.

nzira ANTIGEL

Kana pane chinokosha ruoko maturusi kudzivisa crystallization peturu achabvumira akamedura Urume. Vamwe mhizha doro, achiwedzera kuti mota. Zvisinei, akaputsa Urume zvikuru zvakanaka anomhanya kubva mafuta mugadziriro nodes. Asi ramba kuvakurudzira kushandisa yokuvirisa zvakananga kuita kudaro. Imwe fő mari zvaikosha vanenge 500 rubles. Vhoriyamu Total Zvakakwana 1000 litres peturu. The dopant anokwanisa kuderedza crystallization tembiricha kuti -40 inegumi.

Mvura hurongwa

Ndepapi parinotaura zvinobva? Izvi zvingava condensate mutangi. Uyezve, chinetso nawo varidzi haisi chete marori, asi motokari, kusanganisira Renault Duster. Chinonyanya kushingaira condensate kuumbwa kuchitonhora. Uyewo, mvura anopinda tangi ane pfuti. Mitemo wefizikisi haina akadzima - condensation anogona kuumba mune matangi gasi dzemapurisa pachavo, kunyange zvazvo zvakavigwa pasi pasi. Somugumisiro, mvura inoyerera kupinda tangi uye iiswe arteries. Uye sezvo chikazozikamwa, Urume iri immiscible namafuta Diesel. Rakapinza mvura inogona kukuvadza mukuru kumanikidzwa pombi.

How kukurira dambudziko iri? Trucks kazhinji kuisa mamwe filters, separators. Chinotsva kupfuura kuburikidza navo, vakachenesa nouipi. Kusanganisira condensate separator absorbs. Nguva nenguva zvinonzi zvakapedza nokuda unscrewing chaiyo vharafu nechepasi. Kana mutakurwi ichi motokari, iro rinoshandiswa kuchamhembe nharaunda, uyewo hakutadzisi kugadzwa separator. Zvakanakira Sefa iyi chaizvo vatyairi zhinji. Zvechokwadi Iri anobudirira zano kuti anogona kudzivirira injini kubva nenyundo, uye tangi pamusoro pezviri ngura. Vamwe mano takashongedzerwa pamwe kudziyisa. Izvi zvinoita inobudirira kutanga-up at kutonhora anosvika -50 Celsius. Zvisinei, mari vezvikwata izvi - zviuru 30 rubles. Separators pasina kudziyisa inogona kutengwa nokuda 7-9 zviuru.

Air ari mafuta

Oddly zvakakwana, asi nekuda Diesel ichi zvakaoma kutanga, "kwechando". Zvikonzero - kuvapo imwe airlock. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ivo sepombi, mhepo uye huni vanopiwa yoga Diesel injini. Uye kana hurongwa aumba "chivhariso", Chinowedzera zvikuru kuti kutyorwa. Motor achaita kunzwisisa uye pakarepo kungomira pakati pokushanda kwayo.

Okisijeni iri pombi inowira nokuda kukuvara ari mafuta mutsetse. Wongorora nokuwedzera nzvimbo uye nemamiriro sepombi pachavo. Anofanira kuva isina makatsemuka uye sagging huni kwavari. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mhepo leakage. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kuti Diesel injini haasi kukwanisa kushanda zvakanaka. How kugadzirisa dambudziko? Mhepo chubhu chinobviswa nokuvhura vharafu chaiyo nyaya pamusoro firita.

mafuta Too gobvu

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Diesel inoshandisa yakasiyana noukama pane peturu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi inishuwarenzi motokari nezvinhu zvakaoma pokutangira, kunyanya munguva yechando. With vasanyanye tembiricha mafuta ari muinjini inotanga thicken. Starter kunyange kana munhu mhosva bhatiri achava zvakaoma kutsausa flywheel, uye pamwechete nayo, uye crankshaft. Yemanyorero kushandiswa mafuta Diesel injini ine viscosity pamusoro 15W-40. Kana uchityaira pasi yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti kudzikisa pakapuranga kuna 5W-30. More mafuta ari inosimudzira nyore vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft, chiri kunyanya kukosha kuti injini pamwe kudzikira tembiricha.

kuvesa angled

The Diesel injini vanewo parameter. Kana asingadi kutevedza mureza, injini iyerere hasha. Kuoneka vibration pasingadiwi, Diesel zvakaoma kutanga, "kwechando". Inokonzera zvakaipa zviri pachena kabhoni kuvesa nguva. Uyewo, parameter ichi inogona "akapfurwa pasi." Sei nemazvo akaisa kuvesa? nzira iyi kunoda zvimwe unyanzvi. Kuronga advanced yorusvingo rakasungwa chinotsva jekiseni zvinoreva kuti ari kusvitsa mu akafanorongerwa nezverimwe pakupera yacho compression sitiroko. In zvinoitirwawo kwomuzvarirwo parameters chakaremara combustion rikaitika sepombi. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zvingangoita detonation uye kudedera panguva simbe. Sei nemazvo akaisa kuvesa? The parameter iri wakasiyiwa kutenderera pamusoro akabatana ari mafuta pombi. Uyewo, pakona iri wakasiyiwa akashandura camshaft chisimudziso. Kuti kugadzira, unofanira kuenda injini flywheel, pashure achibvisa nayo kubva casing. Zvinofanira kuwana chimiso pamusoro flywheel kuti kutura kupinda slots, uye Mupumburu chinhu iine kiyi.

Saka isu kutanga nokuda crankshaft. Vhura handwheel Kutenderera zvaida pamberi basa lockable. Uyezve kuwana pombi tikachirega mugodhi. Diesel pamusoro rirege achigarira maoko. Sangana mucherechedzo pombi flange uye nemotokari coupling. mupumburu Zvadaro crankshaft rimwezve dzokai uye tarira kana chitaridzi dzichienderana. Zvadaro kudzora nzvimbo pakafunuka. Mushure tightening kuti nemotokari ruoko kusimudza chimiso pamusoro flywheel. Val scrolled ne madhigirii 90. The chimiso inofanira kuiswa paburi.

Panguva yokupedzisira padariro kugadzwa zviri flywheel redzimba nekusunga yacho fastening screws. Tanga injini uye kuongorora mashandiro aro. At simbe injini haafaniri emit zvisingakoshi vibration uye sangano anofanira kusununguka yezvikanganiso uye jerks.

Makenduru, ataure

Hongu, kuti Diesel injini anewo kenduru. Zvisinei, kusiyana peturu, ivo basa kwete yokupisirapo musanganiswa, uye nokuda mwenje yacho. Nemamwe mashoko, injini iri preheated. Diesel anova zvishoma kuburikidza chando sokupenya plugs. Ndivo zvichinyanya kushanda muchando. Naizvozvo, kana injini zvakaoma kutanga, zvinofanira yokuongororwa makenduru. Zvichida havaiti zvibereko zvakajairika kudziyisa huni kuti Diesel injini. zvinhu izvi zviri dzinofambiswa ne ataure uye vakagadzirira varo kudzora chikwata. Yokupedzisira anotonga muchidziisa makenduru zvichienderana akafanorongerwa nguva. Pashure imwe nguva romugove voltage kuti huvepo chivhariso anomiswa. Ataure zvikasashanda zvakare, nokuti kudziyisa huni Diesel injini chava kusimudzirwa. Asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose zvazviri. Zvinoitika kuti mwenje rinomira panguva kutanga danho. Uye pano dambudziko yatova Electronics. Zvinokosha pakuongorora basa ataure uye electronic chikwata. The mashandiro anofanira kubudisa kombiyuta. Kana hurongwa ane fiyuzi, tarisa nayo pamwe. Zvichida chinhu varukutika panguva kusvetuka voltage, uye paiva zvaitika cheni kumbozorora. Tiine yokutsiva fiyuzi zvinhu kushanda Tinoenderera mberi.

Zvakakodzera kuti kurwisa metering dzomoto filament pacharo. Izvi zvinoitwa vachishandisa multimeter. Chete tester kunokwanisa kuonekwa ataure oparesheni. Asi yakavimbika nzira - kuedza kutanga injini iri pre-basa chikwata uye relays. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti kukurumidza kuona chikonzero nei zvakaoma kutanga Diesel.

Pump kamwene

Wokupedzisira mukushanda inogona utachiona chaizvo. Mukati akaumba lacquer nesarufa deposits. Uyewo musakanganwa zvakadaro chinhu sezvo dzinongoitika yabvaruka pamusoro mokugezera.

Musiyano mukuru pakati chinotsva gadziriro yacho Diesel injini ndechokuti mafuta romugove rinobudiswa pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa. On vezvikwata ano ne jekiseni "Common Rail" nhamba 200 MPa. Enzanisa mashoko injector unoshanda mukati 4-5 MPa. Kusvibiswa mokugezera kunotungamirira matambudziko kupomba oparesheni. Somugumisiro, mafuta kuvafurira inowa. Out mamiriro - kuchenesa kana yaitsiva mokugezera (zvichienderana kwavo dhigirii kusakara). Kumonyanisa uye rokuongorora zvinhu izvi chete haina inokurudzirwa. macheki All zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro chaidzo dzekuturika mikoko. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti injectors akasviba, Kuwedzera nezvinodzvinyirira pasi haisi kukwanisa mwaya musanganiswa pasi kwomuzvarirwo tochi. Runonzwika mukushanda injini - injini panguva simbe troit, vakarasikirwa traction, anowedzera rakawanda.

Tips

Pasi apa, isu inoratidzawo mazano mashoma pamusoro sei kutanga Diesel injini kuchitonhora :

• Ramba basa bhatiri. Muna 80 muzana kacho, chinetso iri bhatiri-yakatarwa. Usashandisa bhatiri vakwegura, inova makore 5 years kana kupfuura. Nokuti mukuru chokwadi vanofanira kutenga "booster", iyo ichapa mavambo-up iyezvino ari zvichienderana dhigirii kwenyu bhatiri vebasa.
• Sei kutanga Diesel injini kuchitonhora? Kana kutanga chakaitwa muna kuchitonhora, unofanira 'muka "ari bhatiri. Kuti aite izvi masekondi mashoma, batidza headlights.
• Kana pane kwazvo frosts, kuunganidza rimwe bhatiri kumba usiku. Nguva nenguva wachenesa chinouraya mbiru pamusoro bhatiri kana vari oxidised. Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa bhurandi kana hasha sandpaper.
• Sarudzai mafuta zvakanaka. Yeuka kuti tembiricha iri akatura, izvozvo richikora. A kuchinja mafuta "pasi" hazvishande. On michina ine mileage zvishoma pane zviuru 100 makiromita Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa aine viscosity indekisi 0W kana 5W chakaita zvokugadzirwa kana Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta.
• Pasina nguva refu kupaka anogona kudirwa mafuta kusvikira 100-150 milliliters kuti peturu. Pakubvisa mafuta lubrication uye injini nditange pasina zvinetso "muchando". The hakurapi kukuvadza injini, asi regai kushandisa nayo.
• Asati atanga kuti Starter zvishoma abate kiyi yechitatu chinzvimbo. Munguva iyi nenguva kuti vakuchidzire sokupenya chivhariso mafuta uye kuigadzira mumoto. Kazhinji, ano motokari nezvingoro mufananidzo ari chiridzwa sumbu.
• Kana injini asingadi kutanga mukati mumasekonzi 10, kudzima Starter. Zvikasadaro ya huchishanda kuchaita kunotoreva kuerera simba pamusoro bhatiri. Kazhinji, injini zvakakwana 1-2 masekonzi kutanga.
• Shandisa ANTIGEL. Uye ndokuadira tangi refueling pamberi chinodikanwa.
• In chando chaizvo ari 1-2 makiromita wokutanga kunofanira kuenda yakaderera aimhanya uye kukwira kumativi ose motokari zvakanaka kudziyirwa.

mhedziso

Saka, takazoziva zvikonzero nei Diesel zvakaoma kutanga "inotonhora," uye sei kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Sezvaunogona kuona, kakawanda dambudziko iri zvenhando. Zvisinei, kana totaura Worn mokugezera kana aina pisitoni mavhiri, kugadziridza anofanira kusiyira nyanzvi.