DHCP chii? DHCP zvirongwa, zvisarudzo uye hurongwa. Nzira yekubatsira kana kubvisa DHCP?

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kushanda pamwe chete nemaketani zvigadzirwa zvose, ingava kombiyuta, laptop, tablet kana foni, inofanira kuva neimwe yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi - IP-address, uyewo yakagadzirirwa mask, gateway uye DNS sevainhau. Iyi kero yenhare yekutengesa paunosangana nekukurumidza kuedza kuwana kubva kumichina yakakosha inobatanidza kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kweateri. Kana imidziyo yakadaro isingawanikwi, ipapo musikana anofanira kupinda ma network parameters manually. Kana pane yakawanda makombiyuta ari mumutambo, pangave nezvikanganiso mukugadzirisa uye kudzokorora kweateri, zvichiita kukundikana kwehurongwa uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwehutano hunoita. Mumutambo wemusha, pasina kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kweateri, unofanira kutora maitiro ekugadzira manyore pafoni imwe neimwe kuti ubatanidze, somuenzaniso, kune router. Haisi mushandisi wese ane ruzivo rwakakwana uye ruzivo rwekushandura zvakanaka zvirongwa zvakadaro. Saka, pamusha, zvakare, vashandi vakawanda vanoedza kutumira kugovera kwekero kamwe chete, iko, kushandisa dHCP server.

DHCP chii?

Tichagadzirisa nyaya iyi. Kuti urege kugadzirisa kukanganisa, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) yakashandiswa. Uyu ibasa rinoparadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kuti zvibatane nemichina yemaklayiti. Kana izvi zvigadziri zvine sarudzo "kugamuchira kero ye IP chete kubva kumushandi weDHCP" pane zvigadziri uye basa reDHCP rinobvumirwa, ipapo basa rose rekugadzirisa zvakakodzera marangarudzo emakombiyuta pamakombiyuta maklayiti anotumirwa kune seDHCP server. Izvi zvinonyanya kuderedza mari yekutsigira uye kutungamirirwa kwehutano, uye zvinobatsira kudzivisa kukanganisa mukugovera kero. Basa rinobatanidza DHCP rinotanga kushandiswa nekusavapo kana chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinotsigira wired kana wireless interfaces chikazarurwa. Somuenzaniso, pamahwendefa kana mafoni, zvakwana kuti uwane Wi-Fi uye uwane yako uye uzvibatanidze pakati pezviwanikwa zvakagadzirwa neInternet. Muchiitiko ichi, kugoverwa kwekero kamwechete kwekeroti kunopedza kudzokorora kweP IP uye, semugumisiro, kunobatsira kudzivisa kuwirirana kwemakambani.

Kuti kugoverwa kwekero kunowanikwa sei

Panguva yekubatanidza chero kambani keseti kambani kumusangano, chikumbiro chakakosha chekuparidzira chinotumirwa kunetaneti kuitira kutsvaga kugovera miganhu yeiyo DHCP server network. Ndeupi rudzi rwevhareti iyi uye chii chakakosha kune unhare huru? Iri ndiro zita rekushandisa iro rinokonzera kuparadzanisa kero kumakombiyuta pamutambo wekushandisa zvakananga kune vatengi vakasiyana. Kana iyo yakadaro inenge iripo, inogadzira pakiti ine mhinduro kune chikumbiro chevatengi, iyo inogona kusanganisira zvirongwa zvakadaro seIndaneti, masikiti emagetsi, gateway parameters, DNS server adresses, zita rekombiki, nezvimwe, uye anotumira peji iyi kumutengi wekombiki . Mutengi anogamuchira chiratidzo chekusimbisa kubva kumushandi weDHCP. Iyo yakagadzirwa nedhipatimendi yepasitadhi yakarongeka, saka inenge ipi zvayo inoshandiswa purogiramu inogona kuibvisa uye kuishandisa.

Parameters yakabudiswa nevhavha yekombiki yeklayiti ine nguva shoma inogadziriswa yekupera, iyo ine zita racho - "nguva yekubhajisa". Mazita anokonzerwa ne server anotsvakurudzwa kuti aenzane neyakakodzera mazita ane nguva isina kubhadhara yenguva, saka kudzokorora kweateri hakubvumirwi. Kazhinji izwi rechibharo ridiki - kubva pamaawa akawanda kusvika kumazuva mana kusvika ku6. Mushure menguva iyi chigadziri chinodzokorora chikumbiro kune server uye chinogamuchira kubva kwaro kero imwechete (kana ichiri kusununguka) kana chero ipi zvayo yakasununguka.

Zvirongwa zvemuteereri zvekutsvaga network network muWindows OS

Kuti muchengeti agamuchire mhinduro dzemiganhu yeDHCP, zvinodiwa kutarisa zvirongwa zvakawanda mu Control Panel yemakombiyuta (inofungidzirwa pane muenzaniso weWindows operating system ). Kuti uite izvi, enda kuMutambo weMutambo, ipapo-kuDirect Panel (iyo inofanira kuchinjwa kuongorori maonero) uye sarudza "Network Connections" chinhu. Sarudza urongwa hwehutano hwakagadzirirwa kushanda naDHCP, sarudza pairi nekona kodhi yefa uye enda ku "Properties" chinhu. Muhwindo ichazarura, enda kuTCP / IP Internet Protocol Properties. DHCP chii? Iyi ndiyo yakagadziriswa yeruzhinji mitemo. Nokudaro, tinocherechedza zvingasarudzwa nematunhu kuti tive neIndaneti neDNS. Wakaita sarudzo, sarudza "OK". Dhigiri yeDHCP pane wekwereti yakwana. Iye zvino chigadzirwa chacho chichagamuchira kero kubva paDHCP sevhareji apo Windows inotanga.

DHCP yakagadzirirwa muWindows 7 yakafanana, asi nzvimbo yemaapakita zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo neWindows XP. Ingoenda kuTanga-Control Panel - Network uye Sharing Center. Sarudza "Shandisa mararamiro e-adapter" mumutauro weboshwe. Zvadaro - zvakafanana nepamusoro pamusoro pezvirongwa muWindows XP.

Kugadzira kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kweateri mune mamwe maitiro ekushanda

Pane Linux kana Android madivayiri, kuburitsa hakusi dambudziko apo seva DHCP iri kushandiswa pamutambo. Zvaringana chete kutenderera network network (wired kana wireless), kumirira kudhindanidza kwedhaka pakati pechipu uye server yeDHCP kuti ipfuure uye iva nechokwadi chekuti mitambo yemagetsi inogamuchirwa uye inoshandiswa kubudirira. DHCP mazano anobvumirwa nekusavapo pazvinenge zvose zvese.

Kana kushamwaridzana kusingaiti, zvino unofanirwa kutarisa mamiriro ekutsvaga maawa adzo. Somuenzaniso, pane Android OS zvakakosha kuenda kuMitambo - Wireless mitambo - Wi-Fi settings - Yakafambiswa uye iva nechokwadi chokuti sarudzo "Shandisa static IP-address" yakabviswa.

Dhiyabhorosi yakatumirwa naDHCP

DHCP zvinosarudzwa zviyero zvinoparadzirwa kubva kune server kusvika kumutengi. Zvose izvi zvinotapurirwa zvikamu zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu. Pane zvingasungirwa zvingasarudzwa, zvakadai seIndaneti uye network mask. Iko kusina kushandiswa kwehutano husarudzo, iyo, somuenzaniso, inoratidza kutanga uye kuguma kwezvasarudzo muparetet inotumirwa. Chaizvoizvo, zvingasarudzwa ndezvipi zvinokosha kukosha-key pairi dzinogona kuonekwa uye dzakagadzirirwa mukuchengeteka mazano.

Zvinyorwa zvikuru zveDHCP mumutambo, kunze kweIndaneti uye maski, 3 (Gateways), 6 (Domain Name Servers), 44 (NBT Name Servers), 46 (NBT Node Type). Izvi zviyero zvikwata, zvinoreva, zvinogona kuva nemitengo yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, pangave neine rimwe gedhi kana imwe kero ye server yeDNS. Zvisarudzo zvinosungirirwa mu-DHCP seva.

DHCP server sezvigadziri

Usati wagadziridza zvirongwa, maitiro akawanda eDHCP anofanira kuverengwa. Ndezvipi zvingasarudzwa izvi? - iwe unobvunza. Zvimwe zvinhu zvose izvo zvinokonzerwa nematareji zvinotapurirwa kubva kune seva kuenda kumutengi. Izvo zviviri zvinyanya kusarudzwa ndezoruzhinji rweateri dziri kugoverwa uye subnet mask. Zvose zvakarongeka sangano rinowanzowananidzwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirirwa mabasa akasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekutengesa miterevhizheni, static server adress, etc. Kudzivirira matanho ekutengesa kubva pakubatanidzwa mukupararira, kuumba mamwe mutero pane sevha, mararamiro eateri ari kugoverwa anogona kukwana. Semuenzaniso, pamusangano wekushandisa 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254, mazita kubva 1 kusvika ku10 anogona kutsanangurwa mukukurukurirana, 11 kusvika ku 30 yevhavha, uye yeDHCP, iyo inotangira kubva pa31 kusvika ku254. Icho, iyo imwe yero yeva server inopiwa kune mutengi, Ichanyarara chete munharaunda iyi. Uyewo, unogona kugadzirisa zvakagadzirirwa sarudzo imwe chete, uye hazvizoparidzirwa kumakambani ekushandisa.

Zvadaro, usati wasarudza sevha reDHCP, unofanirwa kusarudza kuti zvipi zvaungasarudza zvichiri kugovera. Izvo zvakakosha kugovera, somuenzaniso, gateway kana DNS mitsara. Mushure mokunge, iyo data inopinda pavhavha, kushandiswa kwayo kunotanga uye server inotanga kuparadzira kero.

Pamba DHCP seva

Pamba, ma routers anowanzoshandiswa seServer DHCP. Zvakagadzirirwa kubva kumubatsiri zvinoparidzirwa kumashoni epamba - makombiyuta, makombiyuta, matefoni, terevhizheni nemamwe majaira akabatanidzwa kuneteresi netambo kana kusina wireless. Izvi zvinogadzira chimwe chinhu sevhareji chaiyo inoparadzira kero kuvashandisi. Kubva kunze, zvinoratidzika sekuti mumwe mudzidzi akazarura mapeji akawanda mu browser yake pane imwe yemakombiyuta ake. Muchiitiko ichi, chete router imwe chete yakabatana nechokunze. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uchengetedze zvikuru pane nhamba yemigwagwa yakabatana.

Kugadzira Automatic Routing pa Router

Kugadzirisa kugovera kushandiswa kwekeroti kumapurisa epamba, unofanira kushanyira router kune kombiyuta (laptop) nekambani keseti. Mune chero shanduro, nyora kero ye router (kazhinji 192.168.0.1). Mune mazano ekutumira mazita uye password, shandisa "admin" zvisiri izvo (iyi dhiyabhorosi inowanzotaurwa mubhuku rinoshandiswa router). Somugumisiro, tichaona mamiriro ekugadzirisa maitiro . Tinoenda kuLin kana Network zvikamu (mazita anokwanisa kunge akasiyana) uye ona submenu nedzimwe DHCP. Nzira ipi yekugonesa kugoverwa kweateri pa router? Ingoisa chinyorwa pamberi pebvumirano reDHCP uye reboot router.

Kugadzira DHCP Router

Kana zvigadziriswa zvisingagadziri zvisingakodzeri, unogona kuchinja sarudzo yemararamiro. Mundima imwe chete yatakashandura basa rekupararira kwekeroti, unogona kupinda mukana wekupararira kwekero yeP, somuenzaniso 192.153.0.1 - 192.153.0.3. Kuti uite basa, unogona kutsanangura mazita maviri chete, semuenzaniso, kune laptop uye foni. Izvi zvinogadzirisa nhamba yezvigadzirwa zvenguva imwe chete, iyo ndiyo yakasununguka yekudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedzwa.

Zvadaro, gadzirai gedhi (Gataway). Iyi ndiyo IP yekombiyuta iyo iyo Internet inoshandiswa pane zvigadzirwa. Kazhinji iyi parameter yakafanana neIndaneti ye router.

Sezvo wakasika zvinhu zvakakosha, unofanirwa kuzvichengeta nekudzorera router. Pakarepo mushure mekugadzirisazve, zvirongwa zvichaitika.

Usati wadzivisa DHCP, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti zvigadzirwa zvine static aderesi. Kuti uvhiringidze kushandiswa kwekutsvaga, unofanirwa kuvhara sarudzo yeDHCP mumagadziri e router, chengetedza kuchinja uye dzokazve chigadzirwa.